The Handbook of Discourse Analysis Edited by Deborah Schiffrin, Deborah Tannen, and Heidi E. Hamilton The Handbook of Discourse Analysis Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics This outstanding multi-volume series covers all the major subdisciplines within linguistics today and, when complete, will offer a comprehensive survey of linguistics as a whole. 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Hamilton Copyright © Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2001 First published 2001 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1 Blackwell Publishers Inc. 350 Main Street Malden, Massachusetts 02148 USA Blackwell Publishers Ltd 108 Cowley Road Oxford OX4 1JF UK All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Handbook of discourse analysis / edited by Deborah Schiffrin, Deborah Tannen, and Heidi Hamilton. p. cm. — (Blackwell handbooks in linguistics) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–631–20595–0 (alk. paper) 1. Discourse analysis—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Schiffrin, Deborah. II. Tannen, Deborah. III. Hamilton, Heidi Ehernberger. IV. Series. P302 .H344 2001 401′.41—dc21 2001018139 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Typeset in 9.5/12pt Palatino by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong Printed in Great Britain by T.J. International, Padstow, Cornwall This book is printed on acid-free paper. For our parents, Marlye and Leonard Schiffrin Dorothy and Eli Tannen Claire and Gerald Ehernberger Contents Contributors x Introduction 1 I Discourse Analysis and Linguistics 11 1 Intonation and Discourse: Current Views from Within 13 Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen 2 Cohesion and Texture 35 J. R. Martin 3 Discourse Markers: Language, Meaning, and Context 54 Deborah Schiffrin 4 Discourse and Semantics 76 Neal R. Norrick 5 Discourse and Relevance Theory 100 Diane Blakemore 6 Discourse and Information Structure 119 Gregory Ward and Betty J. Birner 7 Historical Discourse Analysis 138 Laurel J. Brinton 8 Typology and Discourse Analysis 161 John Myhill 9 Register Variation: A Corpus Approach 175 Douglas Biber and Susan Conrad II The Linking of Theory and Practice in Discourse Analysis 197 10 Nine Ways of Looking at Apologies: The Necessity for Interdisciplinary Theory and Method in Discourse Analysis 199 Robin Tolmach Lakoff viii Contents 11 Interactional Sociolinguistics: A Personal Perspective 215 John J. Gumperz 12 Discourse as an Interactional Achievement III: The Omnirelevance of Action 229 Emanuel A. Schegloff 13 Discourse and Interaction 250 Monica Heller 14 The Linguistic Structure of Discourse 265 Livia Polanyi 15 The Variationist Approach toward Discourse Structural Effects and Socio-interactional Dynamics 282 Sylvie Dubois and David Sankoff 16 Computer-assisted Text and Corpus Analysis: Lexical Cohesion and Communicative Competence 304 Michael Stubbs 17 The Transcription of Discourse 321 Jane A. Edwards III Discourse: Language, Context, and Interaction 349 A Political, Social, and Institutional Domains 351 18 Critical Discourse Analysis 352 Teun A. van Dijk 19 Discourse and Racism 372 Ruth Wodak and Martin Reisigl 20 Political Discourse 398 John Wilson 21 Discourse and Media 416 Colleen Cotter 22 Discourse Analysis in the Legal Context 437 Roger W. Shuy 23 The Discourse of Medical Encounters 453 Nancy Ainsworth-Vaughn 24 Language and Medicine 470 Suzanne Fleischman 25 Discourse in Educational Settings 503 Carolyn Temple Adger 26 Narrative in Institutions 518 Charlotte Linde