ATLANTA-FULTON PUBLIC LIBRARY "" Greenwood Encyclopedia of ROmST 72323 imiTiom F - L prr^T’T' Ut,-•?<■;? I HUir’ ~4>^* s. THE GREENWOOD ENCYCLOPEDIA OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ro/t3 1 J«0 SIKi u! '.rV>« THE GREENWOOD ENCYCLOPEDIA OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Volume II F-L CATHAL J. NOLAN Executive Director International History Institute Boston University GREENWOOD PUBLISHING Westport, GT • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nolan, Cathal J. The Greenwood encyclopedia of international relations / Cathal J. Nolan, p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: 0-313-30743-1 (set : alk. paper)—ISBN 0-313-30741-5 (v. 1 : alk. paper)— ISBN 0-313-30742-3 (v. 2 : alk. paper)—ISBN 0-313-32382-8 (v. 3 : alk. paper)— ISBN 0-313-32383-6 (v. 4 : alk. paper) 1. International relations—Encyclopedias. 1. Title. JZ1160.N65 2002 327'.03—dc21 2002019495 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2(X)2 by Cathal J. Nolan All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2002019495 ISBN: 0-313-30743-1 (set) 0-313-30741-5 (vol. 1) 0-313-30742-3 (vol. 2) 0-313-32382-8 (vol. 3) 0-313-32383-6 (vol. 4) First published in 2002 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984). 10 987654321 Sapere aude For my children, Ryan Casey and Genevieve Michelle •',»i^ i ■ AL ft.