ARTHUR JUDSON & AMERICAN ARTS MANAGEMENT T HE GRE AT ORCHESTR ATOR JAMES M. DOERING The Great Orchestrator Doering_Text.indd 1 12/10/12 3:06 PM Music in AMericAn Life A list of books in the series appears at the end of this book. Doering_Text.indd 2 12/10/12 3:06 PM The Great Orchestrator Arthur Judson and American Arts Management JAMes M. DOerinG universiTy Of iLLinOis Press urbana, chicago, and springfield Doering_Text.indd 3 12/10/12 3:06 PM Publication of this book was supported by a grant from the Henry and Edna Binkele Classical Music Fund. Publication supported by the AMS 75 PAYS Endowment of the American Musicological Society, funded in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. © 2013 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America c 5 4 3 2 1 ∞ This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Doering, James M. The great orchestrator : Arthur Judson and American arts management / James M. Doering. p. cm. — (Music in American life) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-252-03741-2 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-252-09459-0 (e-book) 1. Judson, Arthur, 1881–1975. 2. Impresarios—United States—Biography. 3. Arts—Management—United States. I. Title. ML429.J85D64 2013 780.92—dc23 [B] 2012033147 Doering_Text.indd 4 12/10/12 3:06 PM To Lauren Doering_Text.indd 5 12/10/12 3:06 PM Doering_Text.indd 6 12/10/12 3:06 PM contents Acknowledgments ix Timeline of Major Events x Introduction: Confronting the Silent Giant 1 Part i: Discovering the Audience, 1900–1921 1 The Young Educator 15 2 The Lessons of Musical America 29 3 Fertile Ground in Philadelphia, 1915–1921 44 Part ii: cooperation and cultivation, 1921–1942 4 New Alliances, New Media, New York 65 5 Managing a Renewal, 1922–1930 93 6 The List, the Old Man, and the English Replacement 120 7 Competition and Indecision 146 Doering_Text.indd 7 12/10/12 3:06 PM Part iii: The empire of Diminishing returns, 1942–1956 8 The War Years and a Shift to a New Era 169 9 Troubled Waters 194 Conclusion: Lessons from AJ 219 Epilogue: The Final Years 231 Appendix: Leaders of the New York Philharmonic Board of Directors, 1921–1970 241 Notes 243 Selected Bibliography 267 Index 269 Illustrations follow page 92 Doering_Text.indd 8 12/10/12 3:06 PM Acknowledgments Many individuals and organizations helped bring this book to light. I am indebted to the New York Philharmonic, the Philadelphia Orchestra Associa- tion, and Denison University for access to materials. I especially thank the archivists at those institutions, whose expertise and hospitality helped me wade through mountains of documents: Barbara Haws (NYP), Richard Wan- del (NYP), JoAnne Barry (POA), Florence Hoffman (DU), and Heather Lyle (DU). I am also thankful for the time and insights of Harry Beall, Byron Bray, James Buswell IV, Edward Cramer, Gary and Naomi Graffman, Tedd Joselson, Arthur Judson II, Charles Seton, Tim Smith, and Katherine Weinhold. This book would not have been possible without Joe Horowitz’s sage ad- vice, scholarship, and moral support over the years. Thanks also to Mark Clague and Michael Charry for their detailed and helpful critiques, to Laurie Matheson, Dawn Durante, and Nancy Albright for shepherding the book to press, and to Dolores Pesce for mentoring my first pass through the Judson story so many years ago. I am also grateful to Randolph-Macon College, whose Armour/DuPont/Cabell Endowment and Walter Williams Craigie Endowment partially funded my research for this project. Thanks as well to my colleagues Ray Berry, Bill Franz, Joe Mattys, Todd Munson, Barry Pfitzner, and Chris Ryder for encouragement. I am also indebted to Brenda Martin for her printing expertise and Ian Stewart for his faithful interview transcriptions (despite his misplaced sports allegiances). But my deepest thanks go to my wife and best friend, Lauren Bell, whose love and intellect shaped this book in so many ways. Her unwavering sup- port and insightful advice helped me see—and ultimately reach—the light at the end of the tunnel. I could not have done it without her. Doering_Text.indd 9 12/10/12 3:06 PM