Angel Family Animal Fate Aristocracy Form Art God Astronomy Good and Evil Beauty Government Being Habit Cause Happiness Chance History Change Honor Citizen Hypothesis Constitution Idea Courage Immortality Custom and Convention Induction Definition Infinity Democracy Judgment Desire Justice Dialectic Knowledge Duty Labor Education Language Element Law Emotion Liberty Eternity Life and Death Evolution Logic Experience Love Man Mathematics Matter Mechanics Medicine Memory and Imagination Metaphysics Mind Monarchy Nature Necessity and Contingency Slavery Oligarchy Soul One and Many Space Opinion State Opposition Temperance Philosophy Theology Physics Time Pleasure and Pain Truth Poetry Tyranny Principle Universal and Particular Progress Virtue and Vice Prophecy War and Peace Prudence Wealth Punishment Will Quality Wisdom Quantity World s e l l i a s r e V e h t t a ge n. orpe GeOr m d ya LloWilli nd’sSir glaby n Eg n u, nti ai ea cp nf eo m eail Clet D e’s9. c1 n9 a1 r n, Fons, oi Wilsotiat g nte dee n esiac re Pp “....a universal dominion of right by such a concert of free peoples as shall bring peace and safety to all nations and make the world itself at last free....” Woodrow Wilson The Great Ideas dbclay 1971 William Benton, Publisher Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. Chicago • London • Toronto • Geneva • Sydney • Tokyo • Manila The Great Ideas Today 1971 ©1971 by Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. Copyright under International Copyright Union. All rights reserved under Pan American and Universal Copyright Conventions by Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. No part of this work may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the U.S.A. Library of Congress Catalog Number: 61-65561 International Standard Book Number: 0-85229-167-1 “The Problem of World Government” from Man and the State by Jacques Maritain is reprinted by permission of University of Chicago Press, copyright 1951 by the University of Chicago. The Time Machine ry H. G. Wells is reprinted by permission of William Heinemann Limited, Publishers. Distributed to the trade by Praeger Publishers, Inc., New York, Washington Robert M. Hutchins EDITORS IN CHIEF Mortimer J. Adler John Van Doren EXECUTIVE EDITOR Otto Bird CONSULTING EDITOR Contributing Editor William Gorman Assistant Editor John Deely Managing Editor Dean H. Schoelkopf Art Director Will Gallagher Art Supervisor Ralph Canaday Picture Editor Marti Mackey Designer Mark Cowans Production Manager J. Thomas Beatty Production Coordinator Mary Reardon Copy Editors Elizabeth Chastain Madolynn Scheel Editorial Assistant June Drnavich Contents part one The World Community: A Symposium Introduction 2 Human Rights Since 1945: An Appraisal Rene Cassin 4 Ecology: A World Concern Henry J. Kellermann 16 Toward a World University Arthur Lall 40 Economic Growth: Some Pessimistic Reflections E. J. Mishan 52 The Prospects for World Government Joseph S. Clark 72 The Idea of World Community in Great Books of the Western World 89 part two The Year’s Developments in the Arts and Sciences New Developments in Classical Studies M. I. Finley 122 Revolution in the Earth Sciences Peter J. Wyllle 168 Civil Disobedience Marshall Cohen 238 PART three The Contemporary Status of a Great Idea Sources of Our Common Thought: Homer and Plato I. A. Richards 280 PA RT FOUR Additions to the Great Books Library Preliminary Draft of a World Constitution 328 The Problem of World Government Jacques Maritain 346 On the Formation of Coral-Reefs Charles Darwin 364 The Battle of the Books Jonathan Swift 380 On Translating Homer Matthew Arnold 402 The Time Machine H.G. Wells 446