Eduard Schweizer TkASSLAn;o IV DAVID .:. CkU:S THE GOOD NEWS ACCORDING TO LUKE Eduard Schweizer TRANSLATED BY DAVID E. GREEN John Knox Press ATLANTA THE GOOD NEWS ACCORDING TO LUKE Scripture and Apocrypha quotations are from the Revised Standard Version ofthe Holy Bible, copyright, 1946, 1952 and © 1971, 1973, by the Divi sion of Christian Education, National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. and used by permission. Apocrypha, copyright 1957, by the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Schweizer, Eduard, 1913- The Good news according to Luke. Translation of Das evangelium nach Lukas. Scripture and Apocrypha quotations are from the Revised Standard version of the 'Holy Bible. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Bible. N. T. Luke-Commentaries. I. Bible. N.T. Luke. English. Revised Standard. 1984. II. Title. BS2595.3.S3713 1984 226' .4077 83-22237 ISBN 0-8042-0249-4 'franslated from the German with the permission of Vandenhoeck & Ru precht, Publishers, Gottingen. © Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht in Gottingen. Published simultaneously in Great Britain by S.P.C.K., London, and in the United States of America by John Knox Press, Atlanta, Georgia. 1fanslation © copyright John Knox Press 1984 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Printed in the United States of America John Knox Press Atlanta, Georgia 30365 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Old Testament Gen. Genesis Eccles. Ecclesiastes Exod. Exodus Song of Sol. Song of Solomon Lev. Leviticus Isa. Isaiah Num. Numbers Jer. Jeremiah Deut. Deuteronomy Lam. Lamentations Josh. Joshua Ezek. Ezekiel Judg. Judges Dan. Daniel Ruth Ruth Hos. Hosea 1 Sam. 1 Samuel Joel Joel 2 Sam. 2 Samuel Amos Amos 1 Kings 1 Kings Obad. Obadiah 2 Kings 2 Kings Jon. Jonah 1 Chron. 1 Chronicles Mic. Micah 2 Chron. 2 Chronicles Nah. Nahum Ezra Ezra Hab. Habakkuk Neh. Nehemiah Zeph. Zephaniah Esther Esther Hag. Haggai Job Job Zech. Zechariah Ps. (pI. Pss.) Psalms Mal. Malachi Prov. Proverbs Apocrypha Bar. Baruch Jth. Judith Ecclus. Ecclesiasticus (Sirach) 1 Macc. 1 Maccabees 1 Esd. 1 Esdras 2 Macc. 2 Maccabees 2 Esd. 2 Esdras Tob. Tobit Wisd. Wisdom of Solomon vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS New Testament Matt. Matthew 1 Tim. 1 Timothy Mark Mark 2 Tim. 2 Timothy Luke Luke Titus Titus John John Phil em. Philemon Acts Acts of the Apostles Heb. Hebrews Rom. Romans James James 1 Cor. 1 Corinthians 1 Pet. 1 Peter 2 Cor. 2 Corinthians 2 Pet. 2 Peter Gal. Galatians 1 John 1 John Eph. Ephesians 2 John 2 John Phil. Philippians 3 John 3 John Col. Colossians Jude Jude 1 Thess. 1 Thessalonians Rev. Revelation 2 Thess. 2 Thessalonians General Bill. H. L. Strack and P. Billerbeck, Kommentar zum Neuen Testament aus Talmud und Midrasch (51969). Hennecke E. Hennecke and W. Schneemelcher, Neutestamentliche Aprokryphen (21924,31959-1964); English trans., New Testament Apocrypha (1963-1965). Hercher Erotic; HTK Herders theologisches Kommentar L Luke's special material (see section 1 of the Introduction). The Septuagint (Greek translation of the 'Old LXX Testament) NTD Das Neue Testament Deutsch Q Sayings Source used by Matthew and Luke Jewish Documents (Pseudepigrapha), 200-1 B.C. Ahikar A collections of proverbs from seventh century B.C. Aris. Letter of Aristeas, contains legend of how LXX was composed Bk. Jub. Book of Jubilees, originated among priestly circles, second century B.C. En. Enoch, sometimes referred to as Ethiopic or Ethiopian Enoch or 1 Enoch; cf. SI. En. 3 Macc. 3 Maccabees (LXX) 4 Macc. 4 Maccabees (LXX) Ps.Sol. Psalms of Solomon (LXX) SI. En. Slavonic Enoch, "The Book of the Secrets of Enoch," or 2 Enoch LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii Test. XII Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, could be Jewish or Christian Test. G. Testament of Gad Test. Isaac Testament of Isaac Test. Jud. Testament of Judah Test. Levi Testament of Levi Test. N. Testament of Naphtali Test. Sol. Testament of Solomon Dead Sea Scrolls (Qumran) CD Damascus Document lQGen Apoc. Genesis Apocryphon lQH Hymns of Thanksgiving lQM The Wars of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness lQMelch Melchizedek Document 1Q pHab Commentary (Pesher) on Habakkuk lQS Manual of Discipline or Rule of the Community lQSa Rule of the Congregation lQ27 Book of Mysteries 2QFlor. The Blessing of Jacob or The Florilegium 4QPatr The Patriarchensegen (Blessings of the Patriarchs) 4QTest The "Testimonia" 11 QtgJob Targum of Job Jewish Documents (pseudepigrapha), A.D. 1-200 Apoc. Bar. Apocalypse of Baruch, also known as the Syrian or Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch. There is also a Greek Apocalypse of Baruch. Both are to be distinguished from the apocryphal Baruch. Apoc. Ezra Apocalypse of Ezra Apoc. Moses Apocalypse of Moses Asc. Mose Ascension of Moses B. Sukk. Babylonian Talmud, tractate Sukkoth Jos. As. Joseph and Aseneth (influenced by Christian Gnosticism?) Josephus (ca. 37-ca. 100), Jewish hIstorian Ant. Antiquitates judaicae, Antiquities of the Jews Ap. Contra Apionem De bello judo De bello judaico Pes. R. Pesikta Rabba Philo (ca. 20 B.C.-ca. A.D. 50), Jewish philosopher and exegete Abel De Sacrificiis Abelis et Caini Dreams De Somniis Drunkenness De Ebrietate viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Emb. Embassy to Gaius Hypothet. Hypothetica Vito Mos. De Vita Mosis, Life of Moses Ps.Philo Pseudo-Philo, Antiquities (influenced by Qumran) Sib. Or. Sibylline Oracles, a collection of Hellenistic Jewish and Christian prophecies Sifre Deut. Sifre on Deuteronomy Targ. Jon. Targum Jonathan, a free Aramaic translation of Genesis 1-5 Vita Adami Life of Adam and Eve, related to the Apocalypse of Moses Christian Documents A. Barn. Acts of Barnabas A. Thomas Acts of Thomas Apost. Const. Apostolic Constitutions (fourth century, Syrian, probably includes earlier material) 1 Clem. 1 Clement, first epistle of Clement, bishop of Rome, to the Corinthians, end of the first century Cyril of Alexandria (d. 444) Hom. Homilies Did. Didache, or Teachings of the Twelve Apostles, end of the first century, Syrian? Didascalia, chapters 1-6 of the Apostolic Constitutions, third century, Syrian. Epiphanius (ca. 315-403), bishop of Salamis and metropolitan of Cyprus Haer. Panarion seu adversus !xxx haereses, attacking heresies known to him Eu. Heb. Gospel According to the Hebrews \Eu. Thorn. Gospel of Thomas Eusebius (ca. 260-ca. 340), bishop of Caesarea Hist. eccl. Historia ecclesiastica, Church History Hennas Second century writer Prayer Sim. Similitudes, part of The Shepherd Ignatius (ca. 35-ca. 107), Ignatius of Antioch, bishop of Antioch Eph. Epistula ad Ephesios Magn. Epistula ad Magnesios Polyc. Epistula ad Polycarpum, "Letter to Polycarp" Smyrn. Epistula ad Smyraneos Trail. Epistula ad Trallianos Irenaeus (ca. 130-ca. 200), bishop of Lyons Adversus omnes haereses LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix Justin (ca. l00-ca. 200), Justin Martyr, Christian apologist Dial. Dialogus cum Tryphone, "Dialogue with Trypho the Jew Marcion Second cent.ury figure in Rome who rejected the Old Testament Mart. Is. Martyrdom of Isaiah Odes of Sol. Odes of Solomon Origen (185-254), Alexandrian theologian Contra Celsum, Against Celsus Protev. James Protevangeli!lm of James, an infancy narrative of Jesus, end of the second century Ps. Clem. Pseudo-Clement, about 300 Hom. Homilies Ps. Cyprian Centesima, a work erroneously ascribed to Cyprian, third century Terultian (ca. 160-ca, 225) Jej. De jejuniis Greek and Roman Authors Pre-Christian Aristophanes (ca. 448-ca. 380 B.C.), Greek satirical dramatist Birds The Birds Cicero (106-43 B.C.), Roman orator and Stoic philosopher Fam. Epistulae adfamiliares Ligarius Pro Ligario Dionysus of Halicamassus (ca. 54-ca. 7 B.C.), Greek historian and rhetorician Ant. Rom. Antiquitates Romanae Epictetus (ca. A,D. 50-ca. 130), Stoic philosopher Epicurus (342-270 B.C.), Greek philosopher Diogenes Euripides (fifth century B.C.), Greek tragic dramatist Fr. Frogs Hel. Helena Or. Orestes Tr. The Trojan Women Herodotus (fifth century B.C.), Greek historian Homer (eighth century B.C.), Greek epic poet Od. Odyssey Livy (59 B.C.-A.D. 17), Roman historian Sophocles (ca. 496-ca. 406.B.C.), Greek tragic dramatis Oed. Col. Oedipus Coloneus VIrgil (70-19 B.C.), Roman poet Aen.'. Aeneid x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Xenophon (ca. 434-ca. 355 B.C.), Greek general and historian Cyrop. Cyropaedia Cyrus Hell. Hellenica A.D. 1-200 Aelian (ca. 170-235), Greek philosopher Charitonos (second century), Greek novelist . Chaereas and Callirhoe Diodorus Siculus (first century), Sicilian historian Lucian (ca. 115-ca. 200), Lucian of Samosata (Syria), pagan satirist Hist. Historia Pereg. De peregrini morte Pseudolog. Pseudolcgista Plutarch (ca. 46-120), Greek biographer and moralist Education of Children Is. et Os. De Iside et Osiride Rom. Quaestiones Romanae Seneca (ca. 4 B.C.-A.D. 65), Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Roman moralist Agam. Agammemnon Ep. Epistles, apocryphal letters to St. Paul Heracles Oet. Hercules Oetaeus Suetonius (first century), Roman historian Vitae Lives of the Caesars Later Writers Libanius (314-ca. 393), Greek rhetorician Orationes Philostratus (third century), Greek Sophist Apoll. Life of Apollonius Simplicius (sixth century), Platonist and commentator on Aristotle