The genus Calastacus Faxon, 1893 in France with a new species from off Brittany (Crustacea, Decapoda, Axiidae) Nguyen NGOC-HO Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Milieux et Peuplements aquatiques, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected] Ngoc-Ho N. 2011. — The genus Calastacus Faxon, 1893 in France with a new species from off Brittany (Crustacea, Decapoda, Axiidae). Zoosystema 33 (4) : 515-521. DOI: 10.5252/ z2011n4a4. ABSTRACT Calastacus laurentae n. sp. is the second species of Calastacus from France and Europe besides C. laevis de Saint Laurent, 1972. Th e description is based on two small specimens collected on the continental slope of the Bay of Biscay, off Brittany (France). Th e holotype is nearly complete while the second specimen is much damaged with a missing carapace; it is not considered a paratype. Calastacus laurentae n. sp. diff ers from all known Calastacus species by having a pair of large distal spines on the rostrum and spinules on lateral borders of the telson. It can be distinguished from C. laevis by the pereopod 1 bearing a small subdistal spine on both the upper and lower borders of the merus along with a KEY WORDS fi ne longitudinal upper carina on the propodus; by contrast in C. laevis, there Crustacea, Decapoda, are one large upper spine and fi ve large lower spines on the pereopod 1 merus Axiidae, and no upper carina on the propodus. Also in the new species, the terminal Calastacus laurentae n. sp., suture on the uropodal exopod is faint and unarmed while it is well defi ned France, new species. and bears spinules in C. laevis. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2011 • 33 (4) © Publications Scientifi ques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.zoosystema.com 515 Ngoc-Ho N. RÉSUMÉ Le genre Calastacus Faxon, 1893 en France avec une nouvelle espèce provenant du large de la Bretagne (Crustacea, Decapoda, Axiidae). Calastacus laurentae n. sp. est la deuxième espèce de Calastacus de France et d’Europe après C. laevis de Saint Laurent, 1972. La description est fondée sur deux petits spécimens capturés dans le Golfe de Gascogne, au large de la Bretagne (France), dont le premier, l’holotype, est presque complet alors que le second est endommagé et dépourvu de carapace ; il n’est pas considéré comme un paratype. Calastacus laurentae n. sp. diff ère des autres espèces de Calastacus par la présence d’une paire de fortes épines latérales distales sur le rostre et des spinules aux bords latéraux du telson. Elle se distingue de C. laevis de Saint Laurent, 1972 par le péréiopode 1 muni d’une petite épine subdistale à la fois aux bords supérieur et inférieur du mérus et d’une fi ne carène longitudinale MOTS CLÉS supérieure au propode ; par contre chez C. laevis, le péréiopode 1 a une forte Crustacea, Decapoda, épine au bord supérieur et cinq fortes épines au bord inférieur du mérus alors Axiidae, que la carène supérieure est absente au propode. D’autre part, la suture terminale Calastacus laurentae n. sp., de l’exopodite des uropodes est très faible et inerme chez la nouvelle espèce alors France, espèce nouvelle. qu’elle est distincte et garnie de spinules chez C. laevis. INTRODUCTION was added: C. myalup Poore & Collins, 2009 from western Australia, but three species were missing Despite the long history of biodiversity exploration from the list: C. angulatus Coelho, 1973, C. spinosus in European seas, new species of benthic macroin- Coelho, 1973, C. vicina Coelho & Ramos-Porto, vertebrates continue to be discovered off the French 1985, all briefl y diagnosed from Brazil. coasts (e.g., Salvini-Plawen 2008; Aguirrezabalaga & With C. laevis de Saint Laurent, 1972, the new Gil 2009; Di Geronimo 2009). Th e new species taxon, C. laurentae n. sp. is the second species of of Calastacus Faxon, 1893 presented in this work the genus in Europe. was identifi ed by Michèle de Saint Laurent and Th e description is based on two specimens col- reported by Ngoc-Ho (2003: 440). lected during a RV Th alassa expedition led by Dr WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species) lists Louis Cabioch (station biologique de Roscoff ), in 11 species for the genus but several axiids that have October 1973. been described in the genus or subgenus Calastacus are now placed in other genera. Th e genus Calastacus Faxon was most recently MATERIALS AND METHOD diagnosed and discussed by Poore & Collins (2009: 247). Seven species were listed: C. stilirostris Faxon, Th e fi rst specimen, the holotype, is almost complete 1893 (type species) from off Mexico, C. laevis de while the second specimen, with similar data, Saint Laurent, 1972 from the Bay of Biscay, north is much damaged and with a missing carapace. of Spain, C. colpos Kensley, 1996 and C. mexicanus Th is specimen can presumably be assigned to the Kensley, 1996 from the Gulf of Mexico, C. cros- same species as the holotype but as the carapace is nieri Kensley & Chan, 1998 as well as C. formosus missing, this cannot be confi rmed. It is fi gured but Komai, Lin & Chan, 2010 from Taiwan, western not considered a paratype. Pacifi c, and C. infl atus Komai & Lin & Chan, 2009 Th e material studied is deposited in the collec- from Pratas Island, southern China sea. A species tions of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 516 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2011 • 33 (4) New species of Calastacus from off Brittany (Crustacea, Decapoda) Paris (MNHN). Th e measurements given in the 3, 4, and 5 with lower-distal spinule in holotype description are the carapace length (cl.) and the (Fig. 1A) as in specimen MNHN Th 349. total length (tl.). Telson approximately 1.5 times as long as wide Specimens and appendages were stained with a in specimen MNHN Th 349 (Fig. 1G), 1.70 weak solution of chlorazol black. Th e anterior part times as long as wide in holotype (Fig. 1C); lat- of the carapace, the telson and uropods are fi gured eral borders with spinules similarly arranged but in dorsal view, the whole specimen and appendages more numerous in holotype and a pair of lateral are fi gured in lateral view. distal spines in both specimens; posterior border rounded. Eyes (Fig. 1B) globulous, hardly mobile. SYSTEMATICS Second article of antennal peduncle (Fig. 1A, B) terminating distally in a point, with a lower Family AXIIDAE Huxley, 1879 distal spine; scaphocerite long, styliform, nearly Genus Calastacus Faxon, 1893 reaching distal third of penultimate article of peduncle. Calastacus laurentae n. sp. Maxilliped 1 (Fig. 2A) with large epipod. (Figs 1; 2) Maxilliped 2 (Fig. 2B) with exopod, epipod partly broken. TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype: Continental slope south Maxilliped 3 (Fig. 2C, D) ischium of endopod of La Chapelle Bank, France, Th alassa, 1973, stn Z400, with crista dentata bearing 11 teeth; merus with 47°33,4’N, 07°19’W, 1175 m, 22.X.1973, 13h-15.35h, two lateral distal spines on lower border; exopod muddy sand and rocks: herma phrodite, lc. 8 mm, lt. 18 mm (MNHN Th 346), right pereopod 4, right broken. uropods, left pereopods 2-4 missing. Pereopods 1 (Fig. 1A, D) subequal in holotype, only right pereopod 1 present in specimen MNHN OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Continental slope south Th 349. Merus with small upper distal spinule and of Little Sole [Petite Sole] Bank, off Brittany, France, Th alassa 1973, stn Z412, 48°1,6’N, 08°26’W, 1250 m, a spine at distal third of lower border, latter being 24.X.1973, 1.15h-3.05h, clayey mud; broken specimen more distinct in holotype; propodus with fi ne without carapace, abdomen (length 14 mm) present longitudinal upper carina terminating in distal along with right pereopods 1, 2, 4 and a few dissected spinule in holotype, spinule absent in specimen mouth appendages (MNHN Th 349). MNHN Th 349; fi xed fi nger nearly as long or ETYMOLOGY. — Th e species is named for Michèle de slightly longer than palm with curved tip, cutting Saint Laurent who had recognized it as a new species edge bearing three or four conical teeth; dactylus of Calastacus. with curved tip and large rounded proximal tooth on cutting edge. DESCRIPTION Pereopod 2 (Fig. 1E) much smaller than pereo- Carapace (Fig. 1A) slightly shorter than abdomen, pod 1, unarmed, fi xed fi nger and dactylus with laterally compressed, upper border rounded. Cervical small pectiniform setae on cutting edge. groove weakly defi ned dorsally, very faint laterally. Pereopods 3, 4, 5 (Figs 1A; 2F) all unarmed, Rostrum (Fig. 1B) as long as antennular peduncle, with dactylus stout and short in pereopod 3, longer and pointed tip, slightly depressed on upper side, bearing slender in pereopods 4 and 5. two pairs of large spines, one at base, the other distally Branchial formula of C. laevis was presented by de on either side of rostral tip. Fine median gastric carina Saint Laurent (1972: 350). In the present species, extending approximately from base of rostrum to except for the gills of maxilliped 1 (Fig. 2A) and halfway to cervical groove; two short carinae on either pereopod 1 (Fig. 1D) those of other appendages side and linked to it by two oblique branches. were not examined. Abdomen (Fig. 1G) 1.2 times longer than cara- Female and male gonopores open on coxae of pace, pleura 1 pointed ventrally, those of segments pereopods 3 and 5. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2011 • 33 (4) 517 Ngoc-Ho N. A D B G C E F E, F FIG. 1. — Calastacus laurentae n. sp.: A, lateral view; B, anterior part of carapace; C, telson; D, pereopod 1; E, pereopod 2; F, pereopod 4; G, abdomen, telson and uropods. A-C, holotype (MNHN Th 346); D-G, specimen MNHN Th 349. Scale bars: 1 mm. 518 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2011 • 33 (4) New species of Calastacus from off Brittany (Crustacea, Decapoda) A C B C, D G E D F FIG. 2. — Calastacus laurentae n. sp.: A-C, maxilliped 1, 2 and 3; D, ischium of maxilliped 3, mesial view; E, pleopod 1; F, G, pleopod 2 and 3. A-D, F, G, specimen MNHN Th 349; E, holotype (MNHN Th 346); Scale bars: 1 mm. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 2E ) two-articulated, proximal arti- masculina of two faintly separated articles carrying cle long and slender, distal article larger with a small tiny setae; short appendix interna fused to base of internal projection, no visible appendix interna. appendix masculina. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 2F) biramous, exopod slender, Pleopods 3-5 (Fig. 2G) biramous, exopod and endopod divided into a basal article and a appendix endopod slender with long appendix interna. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2011 • 33 (4) 519 Ngoc-Ho N. Uropods (Fig. 1G) about as long as telson, pos- Acknowledgements terior border rounded, endopod with one external Th e author wishes to thank Louis Cabioch (station distal spine, exopod with two external distal spines; biologique de Roscoff ) who, in the late 1960s-early very faint and unarmed suture on distal part of 1970s, led surveys of the benthic fauna of the exopod. continental slope of the Iberian Peninsula and Bay of Biscay, the last of which sampled the new species described here; Gary Poore and Pierre Noël who DISCUSSION have read the manuscript and Darryl Felder for his comments as reviewer. Th e new taxon diff ers essentially from known Calastacus species by having: 1) a pair of large lateral distal spines on the rostrum besides the supraoculars; REFERENCES and 2) spinules on lateral borders of the telson. Calastacus laurentae n. sp. resembles C. laevis, the AGUIRREZABALAGA F. & GIL J. 2009. — Paraonidae (Polychaeta) from the Capbreton Canyon (Bay of other European Calastacus species (de Saint Laurent Biscay, NE Atlantic) with the description of eight new 1972: 352, fi g. 9) and also C. stilirostris, type species species. Scientia Marina 73 (4): 631-666. (Faxon 1895: fi g. 1e), by the appendix masculina of COELHO P. A. 1973. — Descriçao preliminar de Calastacus pleopod 2 bearing few setae while setae are dense on angulatus, n. sp., et de C. spinosus n. sp. , do Norte do Brasil (Crust., Decapoda, Axiidae). Ciência e Cultura, the appendix masculina of many other species, e.g., Supplemento, 25: 344-345. C. crosnieri (Kensley & Chan 1998: fi g. 5F), C. colpos COELHO P. A. & RAMOS-PORTO M. 1985. — Sinopse dos (Kensley 1996: fi g. 2F), C. mexicanus (Kensley 1996: crustaceos decápodos brasilieros (famílias Scyllaridae, fi g. 4E), C. infl atus (Komai et al. 2010: fi g. 7G). Unlike Palinuridae, Nephropidae, Parastacidae e Axiidae). the other species mentioned above with the pleopod Anais da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuko, 8/10: 47-88 (dated 1983/85, published 1985). 2 bearing an appendix masculina of two diff entiated DI GERONIMO R. 2009. — A new species of Gruvelialepas articles, in both European species of Calastacus the Newman, 1980 (Crustacea, Cirripedia) from the two articles are faintly separated (“incomplètement northern Atlantic and remarks on living and fossil divisés”) in C. laevis (de Saint Laurent 1972: 350, closely-related genera. Zoosystema 31 (1): 63-70. fi g. 9) as in C. laurentae n. sp. (Fig. 2F). FAXON W. 1895. — Reports on an exploration off the west coast of Mexico, Central and South America, and off Calastacus laurentae n. sp. can be diff erentiated the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, from C. laevis by: 1) the pereopod 1 bearing a small by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer “Albatross” subdistal spine on the upper and lower border of during 1891, Lieut-Commander Z.I. Tanner U.S.N. merus whilst one upper subdistal spine and fi ve lower commanding. XV. Th e stalk-eyed Crustacea. Memoirs spines are present on the merus in C. laevis; 2) the of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 18: 1-292. pereopod 1 propodus bearing a fi ne longitudinal KENSLEY B. 1996. — New species of Calocarididae from upper carina, such carina is absent in C. laevis; and the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico (Crustacea: 3) the distal suture on uropodal exopod is faint and Decapoda: Th alassinidea). Bulletin of Marine Science unarmed while it is well defi ned and armed with 59 (1): 158-168. spinules in C. laevis. KENSLEY B. & CHAN T.-Y. 1998. — Th ree new spe- cies of thalassinidean shrimps (Crustacea, Axiidae It can be noted that the holotype of C. laurentae and Calocarididae) from Taiwan. Zoosystema 20 (2): n. sp. (cl. 8 mm) is probably a young specimen that is 255-264. smaller than the holotype of most known species, ex- KOMAI T., LIN F.-J. & CHAN T. Y. 2009. —A new mud- cept for C. formosus (cl. 7.1 mm), and especially smaller shrimp species of Calastacus (Crustacea: Decapoda: than the holotype of C. laevis (cl. 14.5 mm). Th alassinidea) from the South China Sea. Zootaxa 2008: 24-30. On the other hand, with a single lower spine on KOMAI T., LIN F.-J. & CHAN T. Y. 2010. — Five new the pereopod 1 merus and an unarmed distal su- species of Axiidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea) ture on the uropod exopod, this species is similar from deep-water off Taiwan, with description of a to C. infl atus of the southern China sea. new genus. Zootaxa 2352: 1-28. 520 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2011 • 33 (4) New species of Calastacus from off Brittany (Crustacea, Decapoda) NGOC-HO N. 2003. — European and Mediterranean veau du golfe de Gascogne, Calastacus laevis sp. nov. Th alassinidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Zoosystema Remarques sur le genre Calastacus Faxon (Crustacea 25 (3): 439-555. Decapoda Axiidae). Bulletin du Muséum national POORE G. C. B. & COLLINS D. J. 2009. — Australian d’Histoire naturelle, 3e série, Zoologie 29: 347-356. Axiidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea). Memoirs of SALVINI-PLAWEN L. VON 2008. — Contributions to West Museum Victoria 66: 221-287. European Cavibelonia (Mollusca, Solenogastres) with SAINT LAURENT M. DE 1972. — Un Th alassinide nou- two new species. Zoosystema 30 (4): 873-897. Submitted on 3 June 2010; accepted on 23 June 2011. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2011 • 33 (4) 521