© Sociedad Española de Malacología Iberas, 30 (1): 67-83, 2012 The genus Gibberula (Gastropoda, Cystiscidae) in the Cape Verde Islands with the description of a new species El género Gibberula (Gastropoda, Cystiscidae) en el archipiélago de Cabo Verde con la descripción de una nueva especie Diego MORENO* Recibido el23-V-201L Aceptado el 18-XI-2011 ABSTRACT The species of the genus Gibberula from the Cape Verde islands are reviewed. There are at least four species, three previously described: Gibberula lucia Jousseaume, 1 877, G. rauli Fernandes, 1987 and G, rolani Cossignani and Cecalupo, 2005, and one new species, G. elvirae n. sp. is here described. Gibberula rachmaninovi Keüner, 2003, is considered here as a synonym of Volvarina sauliae (Sowerby, 1 846). RESUMEN Se revisan las especies del género Gibberula del archipiélago de Cabo Verde. Existen, al menos, cuatro especies, tres descritas previamente: Gibberula lucia Jousseaume, 1 877, G, rauli Fernandes, 1987 y G. rolani Cossignani y Cecalupo, 2005, y una especie nueva que se describe en este trabajo: G. elvirae n. sp. Por último, Gibberula rachmaninovi Kell- ner, 2003, es considerado un sinónimo de Volvarina sauliae (Sowerby, 1 846). INTRODUCTION The genus Gibberula belongs to the There are six species ñames For Gib¬ Family Cystiscidae which, together with berula listed in the literature, either the closely related Family Marginellidae, described with a type locality in the are known as "MarginelliForm" gas- Cape Verde Islands or cited For the tropods, and are one oF the most con- Archipelago. The Mediterranean species spicuous elements oF the West AFrican Gibberula miliaria (Linnaeus, 1758) and malacoFauna. G, philippii (Monterosato, 1878) were The moUuscan Fauna oF the Cape Verde erroneously cited in the Cape Verde Islands has been studied by many authors: Islands and are not present in the archi¬ Jousseaume (1877), Rochebrune (1881a, pelago. Another species, Gibberula rach¬ b) , Dautzenberg (1910), Melvill and maninovi Kellner, 2003, described From Standen (1913), Burnay and Monteiro the Cape Verde islands as a Gibberula (1977), Saunders (1977), García-Talavera will here be shown to belong to a diFFer- AND Bacallado (1979), CosEL (1982a, b, ent genus, Volvarina, The genus Gib¬ c) , Fernandes (1987), Moreno and berula is represented in the Cape Verde Burnay (1999), Guerreiro and Reiner Archipelago by Four species, either (2000), Kellner (2003), Rolán (2005) and endemic, as G. rauli Fernandes, 1987, G, Cossignani and Cecalupo (2005). rolani Cossignani and Cecalupo, 2005, * c/Araña, apartamentos Las Dunas 2, 04150 Cabo de Gata, Almería (Spain). 67 IberuSy 30 (1), 2012 Table I. Localities studied in the Cape Verde Archipelago with species of the genus Gibbernia, showing the coordinares and the origin of the samples (see ahhreviations used). Tabla 1. Localidades de estudio en el archipiélago de Cabo Verde con especies del género Gihherula, mostrando las coordenadas y origen de las muestras (ver abreviaturas utililizadas). w Island Locality Coordinotes (Dalum WGS84) Origin of the samples 1 Sol Ponto Preta 16M8'N; 22'59'W ER 2 Sol Rigona 16M7'N; 22'59'W PEICV and ER 3 So! Baia Palmeira 16M5'N; 22'58'W PEICV 4 Sal Rabo de Junco lóMl'N; 22'57'W ER 5 So! Baia Mordeira lóMO'N; 22'56'W ER 6 Sol Baia Algodoeiro 16'37'N; 22'55'W ER 7 Sol Santa Mario 16'35'N; 22'54'W PEICV 8 Sol Fiura 16'50'N; 22'54'W PEICV 9 Sol Palhona 16'50'N; 22'57'W ER 10 Sol Monte Leste 16M9'N; 22'58'Vi/ ER 11 Sao Vicente Salamanza 16'54'N; 24'57'W PEICV 12 Sao Vicente Callhau ló'SFN; 24'52'W RVGMNHN 13 Boovista Baia Sal Rei 16'10'N; 22555'W PEICV 14 Boavista Derrubado 16'14'N; 22M6'W ER 15 Santiago Praia 14554'N;23WW AO 16 Brava Baia Pedrinha 14'54'N;24M1'W ER 17 Brava Fuma 14553'N;24M0'W ER and the new species described in the between 0 and 5 m depth in the islands present paper, or with a very restricted of Sal, Boavista and Sao Vicente. Most distribution area, as G. lucia specimens were collected between -1 Jousseaume, 1877, cited also in Senegal and -2 meters on rocky bottoms with (Knudsen, 1956; Pin and Boyer, 1995). coral slabs. Other islands were visited The pigmentation patterns of the (Santa Luzia, Sao Nicolau and Santiago) head-foot and mantle in the living but only a limited sampling effort could animáis are usually bright and have been be carried out (snorkeling) and no speci¬ shown to be stable and extremely infor- mens of this genus were obtained. mative for the separation of closely Other material studied was collected related species (Fernandes, 1987; Gofas, by L.P Burnay in the years 1975-1976 (IIT), 1989a, 1989b, 1990; Moreno and by R. von Cosel in 1978 (Sao Vicente Island, Burnay, 1999) and will be given particu¬ at MNHN), by E. Rolán in the years 1978, lar attention in this paper. Also the radula 1979,1980,1981,1986,1987,1988 and 2001 features are important for separating (Sal, Boavista and Brava), and by A.D. De species (Moreno and Burnay, 1999). Oliveira in 2005 (Santiago). Specimens of Gibberula oryza (Lamarck, 1822), the type species of the genus, were studied and MATERIAL AND METHODS photographed alive at Punta Carnero, Cádiz, in the Strait of Gibraltar (1997). All Most of the material examined was localities studied are shown in Table I and collected during the "Primera Expedi¬ in the map of Figure 1. ción Ibérica a Cabo Verde" (PEICV) The clarification of the complex taxo- excursión to the Cape Verde Islands, in nomic problems in the genus is mainly which the author took part (August based on the observation of pigmentation 1985). Specimens were hand-picked patterns, and therefore required collect- while scuba-diving or snorkeling ing and sorting the animáis alive. The 68 Moreno: The genus Gibberula in the Cape Verde Islands; description of a new species Figure 1. Map of Cape Verde Archipelago and localities where the studied material of the genus Gibberula was collected (origin of the samples in brackets). Coordinates in Table I. Sal Island, 1: Ponta Preta (ER); 2; Rigona (PEÍCV) and (ER); 3: Baia Palmeira (PEICV); 4: Rabo de Junco (ER); 5: Baia Mordeira (ER); 6; Baia Algodoeiro (ER); 7: Santa Maria (PEICV); 8: Fiura (PEICV); 9: Palhona (ER); 10: Monte Leste (ER). Sao Vicente Island, 11; Salamanza (PEICV); 12: Calhau (RVC-MNHN). Boavista Island, 13: Baia Sal Rei (PEICV); 14: Derrubado (ER). San¬ tiago Island, 15: Praia (AO). Brava Island, 16: Baia Pedrinha (ER); 17: Fuma (ER). Figura 1. Mapa del archipiélago de Cabo Verde y localidades donde se recolectó el material estudiado del género Gibberula (origen de las muestras entre paréntesis). Coordenadas en la Tabla /. Isla de Sal, 1: Ponta Preta (ER); 2: Rigona (PEICV) y (ER); 3: Baia Palmeira (PEICV); 4: Rabo de Junco (ER); 5: Baia Mordeira (ER); 6: Baia Algodoeiro (ER); 7: Santa Maria (PEICV); 8: Fiura (PEICV); 9: Palhona (ER); 10: Monte Leste (ER). Isla de Sao Vicente, 11: Salamanza (PEICV); 12: Calhau (RVC- MNHN). Isla de Boavista, 13: Baia Sal Rei (PEICV); 14: Derrubado (ER). Isla Santiago, 15: Praia (AO). Isla Brava, 16: Baia Pedrinha (ER); 17: Fuma (ER). living animáis were observed under a ER: Emilio Rolán and his private collec¬ stereomicroscope, and coloured draw- tion (Vigo, Spain). ings prepared to take note of the patterns IIT: Instituto de Investigagáo Tropical and tones of pigmentation. In some cases, (Centro de Zoología), Lisboa, Portu¬ colour slides were also taken. gal. The radulae were extracted from MNCN: Museo Nacional de Ciencias adult specimens using potassium Naturales, Madrid. hydroxyde on whole animáis soaked in MNHN: Muséum National d'Histoire water. At least one radula of each Naturelle, Laboratoire de Malacolo- species was observed through a sean- gie, Paris, France. ning electrón microscope (MNCN). PEICV: Primera Expedición Ibérica al Archipiélago de Cabo Verde (1985). Abbreviations used RVC: Rudo Von Cosel (MNHN, Paris, France). AO: Alvaro David De Oliveira Ramos UAM: Universidad Autónoma de and his private collection (Gulpil- Madrid, Spain (Departamento de bares, Portugal) Biología, Zoología). 69 Ihems, 30 (1), 2012 SYSTEMATIC PART Family Cystiscidae Stimpson, 1865 Genus Gibberula Swainson, 1840 Type species Gibberula zonata Swainson, 1840 by monotypy (= Volvaria oryza Lamarck, 1822), as stated Gofas (1990:115) (Fig. 17). The Shell of the species of the genus with a pair of short tentados. The eyes Gibberula is ovate-cylindrical, sometimes are small, without lateral bulges as in somewhat pyriform with a very devel- the Marginellidae. The siphon lies over oped body whorl covering almost all of the head and it is cleft on its lower side. the earlier whorls. The shell is translu- The mantle does not cover the shell as cent in the smaller species, so that the other marginelliform gastropods. The inner mantle may be visible by trans- pigmented areas are on the upper part parency. The protoconch is paucispiral of the foot, the head, the siphon and ten¬ as in all marginelliform gastropods. The tados, and the mantle. The most aperture is elongate and narrow and has common colours are black, orange and anteriorly a rounded siphonal canal. opaque white. The upper part of the The columella has plaits on its anterior foot, siphon and head are usually more half, decreasing in size towards the brightly pigmented. When the animal is apical end. The outer lip, in adults, is withdrawn, the pigmentation of the always thickened, with usually numer- inner mantle may be seen through the ous denticles on the inner margin. The shell. shell surface is glossy, without colour, The radula (type 3 following with spiral pigmented bands or more COOVERT AND COOVERT, 1995), is rarely with wavy axial flames. rachiglossan, reduced to a central The animal (type 4 following rachidian tooth per Une, which is V- CoovERT AND CoovERT, 1995) is active, shaped, between 0.008 and 0.042 mm fashmoving, and creeps on the foot wide, with several cusps (5-11). The which is truncated anteriorly and ratio shell length/tooth width (L/Wr) in rounded posteriorly. The head is small, the genus is between 118 and 309 deeply cleft in two parts and provided (COOVERT AND COOVERT, 1995). Gibberula lucia Jousseaume, 1877 (Figs. 2-4) Gibberula lucia Jousseaume, 1877: 269-270, pl. V, figs. 11-13 (Santa Luzia Island, Cape Verde Archipelago). Other references: Marginella (Glabella) lucia (Jousseaume, 1876) [sic]: Tryon, 1883. Gibberula lucia Jousseaume, 1877: Tomlin, 1917; p. 277. Marginella lucia (Jousseaume, 1876) [sic]: Knudsen, 1956; p. 88, Pl. 1, Fig. 4 (Gorée, Senegal). Marginella lucia (Jousseaume, 1876) [sic]: Wagner and Abbott, 1967; p. 156. Gibberula lucia Jousseaume, 1876 [sic]: Pin and Boyer, 1995; p. 56, Figs. 7-9 (Dakar, Senegal). Other references (doubtful); IGibberula miliaria (Linnaeus, 1758): Rochebrune, 1881b; p. 293 (Porto-Praya in Santiago Island, Cape Verde Archipelago). ?Persicula miliaria (Monterosato) [sic]: García-Tala vera and Bacallado, 1979; p. 207 (Mindelo and Gatas in Sao Vicente Island and Praia in Santiago Island, Cape Verde Archipelago). Type material: 3 syntypes (MNHN) all of 3.5 mm length (Fig. 3 in the present paper). Other material studied: Santiago Island: Praia, 1 sp., broken (AO) (Fig. 4). 70 Moreno: The genus Gibberula in the Cape Verde Islands; description of a new species Figures 2-4. Gibberula lucia. 2: figures 11, 12 and 13 of the original description by Jousseaume (1877); 3: three syntipes of G. lucia from Santa Luzia Island (MNFIN) (3.5 mm); 4: specimen from Praia, Santiago Island collected by A. Oliveira (23-VII-2005) (4.0 mm). Figuras 2-4. Gibberula lucia. 2: figuras 11, 12 y 13 de la descripción original de Jousseaume (1877); 3: tres sintipos de G. lucia de la isla de Santa Luzia (MNLIN) (3,5 mm); 4: ejemplar de Praia, isla de Santiago, recogido por A. Oliveira (23-VII-2005) (4,0 mm). Remarks: The shell descriptions of species of the genus living in the Cape Jousseaume (1877) and Knudsen (1956) Verde Islands that is not considered are good. The figure of this species by endemic. It still has a very restricted Jousseaume (1877), reproduced here in area of distribution, because Dakar is Fig. 2, is deficient, but that of Knudsen the closest point of the African continent (1956) from Senegal is better. Pin and to the Cape Verde Islands. Boyer (1995) also made a description of Discussion: The species, described shells from Dakar (Senegal) showing with material from the desertic island of photographs of several specimens. Santa Luzia by Jousseaume (1877), has a There are no data about the animal and shell with a very distinct colour pattern its colour pattern or radula. of brown lines in four groups: two of Distribution: With the scarce data them comma-shaped that converge in available, the species lives in Santa the central part of the body whorl, Luzia Island (Cape Verde Archipelago), another group near the suture and the and in the area of Dakar (Senegal), last one along the base of the shell. This including Gorée Island, where it seems colour pattern matches that of the speci¬ to be more abundan!. So, this is the solé mens from Gorée, Dakar (Senegal) 71 Iberus, 30 (1), 2012 studied by Knudsen (1956). There has Praia (Santiago Island) (23-VII-2005), been no more material of this species confirms the presence of the species in recorded from the Cape Verde Islands the Cape Verde Islands, and silences the since the description by Jousseaume possible doubts that could exist about (1877), in spite of the numerous malaco- the Jousseaume material. logical expeditions to this area made in Rolán (2005) reports the ñame Gíb- the last decades of the XX Century The berula lucia Jousseaume, 1876 [sic] erro- species was not cited by several authors neously as a synonym of Gibberula sp. 2., who studied the malacofauna of the but not as a valid species. The species Cape Verde Islands, including Cosel cited as Gibberula sp. 2 by Rolán (2005) (1982b) in a work about the molluscan was described in the same year as Gib¬ fauna of Santa Luzia, the type locality of berula rolani by Cossignani and Ce- this species. Nevertheless a single speci- CALUPO (2005), and it is hereafter treated men (Fig. 5) collected by A. Oliveira at as a valid species, different from G. lucia. Gibberula rauli Fernandes, 1987 (Figs. 5, 6,14) Gibberula rauli Fernandes, 1987: 265, figs. 3 and c (Sal, Boavista, Maio, Santiago and Sao Vicente islands, all in the Cape Verde Archipelago). Gibberula philippii (Monterosato, 1878) [misidentification]: García-Talavera and Bacallado, 1979; p. 207 (Mindelo in Sao Vicente Island, Cape Verde Archipelago). Gibberula rauli Fernandes, 1987: Rolán, 2005; p. 147, Figs. 642 and 778 (from throughout the Cape Verde Archipelago). Material studied (all from the Cape Verde Islands): Boavista Island: Derrubado, 2 sp. (ER). Sal Island: Rabo de Junco, 2 sp. (ER). Rigona, 2 sp. (ER). Algodoeiro, 2 sp. (ER). Sao Vicente Island: Salamanza, 75 sp. + 10 sp. (PEICV). Brava Island: Baia Pedrinha, 137 sp. (ER). Fuma, 5 sp. (ER). Remarles: The shell description by Fer¬ on the substratum. The head is small, nandes (1987) is correct. This author divided into two parts, and the tentacles included drawings of the shell and of the are very short. The pigmentation pattern living animal. The shell, which is very (Fig. 14) on the foot and on the inner transparent, is here shown photographed mande observed by transpareney, is (Fig. 5). The animal is active and fast. The white, with extensive black areas, very foot, rounded in its rear end, is longer irregular in shape in the mande. The than the shell when the animal is moving siphon is white. (Right page) Figures 5-13. Shells and radulae of species of Gibberula from Cape Verde Islands. 5, 6. Gibberula rauli, Salamanza, Sao Vicente (PEICV). 5: shells (2.2 and 2.1 mm); 6: radula. 7-11. Gibberula rolani. 7: shell from Sal Rei, Boavista (PEICV) (5.1 mm); 8: shell from Rigona, Sal (PEICV) (5.0 mm); 9: radula from Sal Rei, Boavista (PEICV); 10, 11: teratological double radula from Sal Rei, Boavista (PEICV); 10: double radula showing the odontophoral cartilage hoods typical of a cistiscid radula; 11: teeth details of double radula. 12, 13. Holotype of Gibberula elvirae n. sp. from Salamanza, Sao Vicente (PEICV). 12: shell (4.8 x 3.0 mm); 13: radula. (Página derecha) Figuras 5-13. Conchas y rádulas de especies de Gibberula de las islas de Cabo Verde. 5, 6. Gibberula rauli, Salamanza, Sao Vicente (PEICV). 5: conchas (2,2 y 2,1 mm); 6: rádula. 7-11. Gibberula rolani. 7; concha de Sal Rei, Boavista (PEICV) (5,1 mm); 8: concha de Rigona, Sal (PEICV) (5,0 mm); 9: rádula de Sal Rei, Boavista (PEICV); 10, 11: rádula teratológica doble de Sal Rei, Boavista (PEICV); 10: rádula doble mostrando la forma de capucha del cartílago odontoforal, típica de una rádula de cistíscido; 11: detalle de los dientes de la rádula doble. 12, 13. Holotipo de Gibberula elvirae n. sp. de Salamanza, Sao Vicente (PEICV). 12: concha (4,8 x 3,0 mm); 13: rádula. 72 Moreno: The genus Gibberula in the Cape Verde Islands; description of a new species 73 Iberus, 30 (1), 2012 The radula is described and figured and 5 meters depth, on rocky bottoms here for the first time (Fig. 6). Radular with sand and algae. teeth have an arched form with a central Distribution: An endemic species cusp prominent but narrower than some from the Cape Verde Islands. Rolán lateral cusps. On each side of the central (2005) stated that G. rauU is known from cusp there is a small one, followed by the entire archipelago. The islands three lateral cusps, the first one large and reported in the bibliography are: Sal strong, and then two external ones, (type locality at Rabo de Junco Beach), smaller. There are 9 cusps in total. The Boavista, Maio, Santiago and Sao teeth are 0.017 mm width. As the shell Vicente. In the present work it is cited length of the specimen dissected for also from Brava Island. Gibberula philip- radular study is 2.0 mm, the "shell pii is a Mediterranean species (Gofas, length/tooth width" ratio (L/Wr) is 118. 1990) erroneously cited from the Cape Habitat: This species lives in the Verde Islands by García-Talavera and upper zone of the sublittoral, between 1 Bacallado (1979). Gibberula rolani Cossignani and Cecalupo, 2005 (Figs. 7, 8, 9,10,11 and 15) Gibberula sp. 1: Rolán, 2005; p. 148, only part (Figs. 643-644) (endemic from the Cape Verde Islands). Gibberula sp. 2: Rolán, 2005; p. 148, (Fig. 645) (endemic from the Cape Verde Islands). Gibberula rolani Cossignani and Cecalupo, 2005: p. 6-7, 6 Figs. (Mordeira in Sal Island, Cape Verde Archipelago). Other references (doubtful: could also be G. elvirae or G. lucia): IGibberula miliaria (Linnaeus, 1758): Rochebrune, 1881b; p. 293 (Porto-Praya in Santiago Island, Cape Verde Archipelago). IGibberula orijza Lamarck, 1822: Dautzenberg, 1910; p. 43-44 (Cape Verde Archipelago). IGibberula miliaria (Linnaeus, 1758): Melvill and Standen, 1913: p. 342 (Sao Vicente, Cape Verde Archipelago). Wersicula miliaria (Linnaeus, 1758): Saunders, 1977; p. 14 (Matiota in Sao Vicente and Palmeira in Sal Island, Cape Verde Archipelago). ?Persicula miliaria (Monterosato) [sic]: García-Tala vera and Bacallado, 1979; p. 207 (Mindelo and Gatas in Sao Vicente Island and Praia in Santiago Island, Cape Verde Archipelago). IGibberula miliaria (Linnaeus, 1758): Cosel, 1982a; p. 20 (Sao Vicente, Sal and Santiago Islands, Cape Verde Archipelago). IGibberula miliaria (Linnaeus, 1758): Cosel, 1982c; p. 57 (Cape Verde Archipelago). Material studied (all from Cape Verde Islands): Boavista Island: Sal Rei, 6 sp. + 1 juv. + 1 juv. + 1 juv. (UAM). Derrubado, 2 sp. + 1 juv (ER). Sal Island: without locality, 6 sp. + 1 sp. + 1 sp. (IIT), Palmeira, 1 sp. + 1 sp. + 2 sp. (UAM). Ponta Preta, 10 sp. + 9 juv. (ER). Palhona, 6 sp. + 4 sp. + 4 sp. + 4 juv. (ER). Rabo de Junco, 27 sp. + 10 juv. (ER). Mordeira, 5 sp. + 1 sp. (ER). Monte Leste, 8 sp. + 3 sp. (ER). Santa María, 1 sp. (UAM). Rigona, 1 sp. + 1 sp. (UAM), 6 sp. + 1 juv. (ER). Algodoeiro, 4 sp. (ER). Fiura, 1 sp. (UAM). ?Brava Island: Baia Pedrinha, 1 sp. (ER). Description: The species description has a dark brown sutural band, not al- by Cossignani and Cecalupo (2005) is ways present. Several specimens are basically correct, but based only on the plain white (Fig. 7) or a palé yellow, and shell. This is pyriform, narrow in the an¬ other shells have two or three spirals terior end with a broad and rounded bands of a very palé brown (Fig. 8). body whorL There are 5-6 plaits in the Some specimens have one broad spiral columella, decreasing in size posteriorly, and brown band in the central part of the and 14-18 small denticles on the inner body whorl, a result of the fusión of both side of the outer lip. In general the shell anterior pigmented lines. 74 Moreno: The genus Gibberula in the Cape Verde Islands; description of a new species The animal, described here for the Distribution: G. rolani is an endemic first time (Fig. 15, from Boavista Island species of the Cape Verde Islands. We material) is active and slithers fast on have found this species only on Sal and the substratum with the foot, which is Boavista islands, where it is frequent. larger than the shell when totally We studied also a single specimen from extended. The foot is ovate in the Brava Island that probably belongs to metapodium and truncated in the this species, with a similar form and 2 propodium, translucenhwhite with spiral bands of palé brown, one central peripheral orange lines and patches, and another on the base. Some of the and a conspicuous central line on the references of Gibberula miliaria from the posterior end (Fig. 15). Some specimens Cape Verde Islands (considered here as do not have the metapodium pig- corresponding to G. rolani) cited other mented, but have orange lines in the islands in its distribution, such as Santi¬ propodium. The head is small with a ago (Rochebrune, 1881b; Cosel, 1982a) central split. There is one orange line on and Sao Vicente (Saunders, 1977; each side of the head from the inner part García-Talavera and Bacallado, of the eyes to the anterior end of the 1979; Cosel, 1982a). If G. rolani really snout. The tentados are short, with a lives on Santiago and Sao Vicente, a fact small and central band, also orange. The that should be confirmed with new siphon is small, of a palé yellow colour. material, the species would achieve a The inner mantle, that can be observed distribution throughout all the island by transparency, is also very variable, groups of the archipelago. dark with white lobes, orange with Discussion: The description of this white patches, or clear with dark or species by Cossignani and Cecalupo orange dots. (2005) was made immediately (Novem- The radula is described and figured ber 2005) after the publication in April here for the first time (Fig. 9, from Boa- of the same year of the book by Rolán vista Island material). Radular teeth (2005) on the malacological fauna of the were studied from two specimens. The Cape Verde Archipelago. Rolán (2005) teeth have an arched form with a promi- included two Gibberula species without nent central cusp. There are on each side specific ñames (sp. 1 and sp. 2, on page of the central cusp a small one (not 148), stating that they were in course of always present) and 4 (3 or 5 in some description. The hasty description of cases) strong lateral cusps (there are 9- Gibberula rolani by Cossignani and 10 cusps in total). The same pattern of Cecalupo (2005) disregards the ethical cusps are observed every three teeth, so recommendation of the International that two adj acent teeth never have the code of Zoological Nomenclature same cusps, and the lateral cusps of because they knew the situation regard- similar length do not match in the same ing the case and stated that their new position. A teratological specimen was species was present in the book by observed with two complete radulae in Rolán (2005) as '"Gibberula sp. 1 (Figs. the same bucal bulb (Figs. 10-11), one of 643-644, 776) and Gibberula sp. 2 (Fig. them placed over the other. The teeth of 645) pag. 148". both radulae are similar to that previ- It is most probably this species ously described for a normal specimen. which has been misidentified as Gib¬ The average tooth width is 0.026 mm. berula miliaria (Linnaeus, 1758) by As the average shell length of the speci¬ several authors, but G. miliaria lives only mens is 5.0 mm, the "shell length/tooth in the Mediterranean Sea (Copas, 1990). width" ratio (L/Wr) for this species is There are obvious differences in the pig- 192. mentation pattern between both species, Habitat: This species lives in the particularly on the foot, where G. rolani upper sublittoral area, between 1 and 5 has a clearly defined pattern with m depth, where it was observed under peripheral orange lines and patches. stones on rocky bottoms with sand. Also, the head of G. rolani has single 75 Iberus, 30 (1), 2012 Figures 14-16. Live animáis of Gibberula species from Cape Verde Islands. 14: Gibberula rauli, Salamanza, Sao Vicente (PEICV) (2.2 mm); 15: Gibberula rolani, Sal Rei, Boavista (PEICV) (5.0 mm); 16: holotype of Gibberula elvirae n. sp., Salamanza, Sao Vicente (PEICV) (4.8 mm). Figuras 14-16. Animales vivos de especies de Gibberula de las islas de Gabo Verde. 14: Gibberula rauli, Salamanza, Sao Vicente (PEIGV) (2,2 mm); 15: Gibberula rolani. Sal Rei, Boavista (PEIGV) (5,0 mm); 16: holotipo de Gibberula elvirae n. sp. Salamanza, Sao Vicente (PEIGV) (4,8 mm). orange lines and a small band in the ten- called by Coovert and Coovert (1995). tacles, whereas in G. miliaria the foot There is no Information of a similar case and head patterns are more elabórate, known in the marginelliform gas- with different colours and small dots tropods (Coovert and Coovert, 1995). (CoovERT, 1987; Gofas, 1990). The Dautzenberg (1910) included the radula of G. miliaria was studied by Cape Verde Islands in the distribution of Bandel (1984, Fig. 297: as Persicula mi¬ the species Gibberula oryza, but this liaria, from Banyuls-sur-Mer, France, species lives only on the continental Mediterranean Sea) and reproduced by African coasts from Senegal to the Strait CoovERT (1989, Fig. 19). The teeth of G. of Gibraltar (Gofas, 1990). Some shell rolani are similar to those of G. miliaria, patterns of G. rolani, like those with a but in the former the lateral cusps are broad band remind of the neotype of G. stronger than in the latter species. Also, oryza figured by Gofas (1990, Fig. 2), or the teeth of G. rolani have 8-9 cusps shells without bands, which look like against 9-11 in G. miliaria. specimens of G. oryza from Ceuta (Fig. 3 About the teratological radulae in Gofas, 1990). Flowever, the shell of G. studied (Figs. 10-11) it seems that in this rolani is smaller (up to 5 mm length) than strange specimen there are two radular that of G. oryza (up to 8 mm length). The sacs, instead of one, but only a pair of colour pattern of the animal is also diffe¬ odontophoral cartilage hoods (Fig. 10), rent between these two species; G. rolani t characteristic of the "cysticid radula", so has only orange lines and patches, | 76