Who Do You Think You Are? "The further backward you look, the further forward you can see.“ (Winston Churchill) The Gascoigne , Pfeifer, Mackinnon Family Album Created by: Kenneth Bruce Mackinnon Sydney, Australia 2015 Revision: 5.0 Pfeiffer Index (Pages: 6~71) Prelude & Acknowledgement 6 John Gascoigne & Augusta Pfeifer Family Portrait 39 The Gascoigne Origin 7 John Gascoigne at theTweefonteinDam 40 The English Gascoigne Lineage 8 Family of Bertha Gascoigne & Ernest Kelly 41 The Life & Times of Symon Gaskyn 9 Family of William (Jack) Gascoigne & Winifred Dicks 42 The Gascoigne Lineage 10 Family of Myrle Gascoigne & ClaudeGailey 43 Descendants of Symon1 Gaskyn & Dorothy Stevenson (1640~1689) 11 Family ofColene Gailey& John Campbell-Gibson 44 Descendants of Hugh Gaskin & Winifred Ward (1670~1746) 12 Family ofLeslee Gailey,Cornelis Krombeen& Gary Young 45 Descendants of John Gaskin & Mary Unknown (1705~) 13 Family of Daphne Gascoigne, HansPotgieter& Ray Perrings 46 Descendants of Hugh Gaskin & Sarah Mason (1744~1791) 14 Family ofCheralynne Potgieter& Andre Janse vanVuuren 47 Descendants of Hugh Gaskin & Leonora Hall (1782~1874) 15 Family of WaynePotgieter& Valerie Watkins 48 Descendants of John Gascoin & Ann & Mary (1825~1914) 16 Family of JillianPotgieter, William Johnston & Colin Williams 49 The Descendants of William Gascoigne & Grace James Branching Out 17 Family of Dean Johnston, Melanie Rae &Pornthip Poolphon 50 Life & Times of the Gascoigne's in the early 1800 18 Family of Michelle Johnston, GarethHartoch&Riaan Swanepoel 51 Life & Times of the Gascoigne's in the early 1800 -continued 19 Family of KimPotgieter& Peter Farrell 52 Life & Times of the Gascoigne's in the early 1800 -continued 20 Family of Audrey Gascoigne & JohannesBotha 53 Life & Times of the Gascoigne's in the early 1800 -continued 21 Family of Hector Herbert Gascoigne &MabelDicks 54 Life & Times of the Gascoigne's in the early 1800 -continued 22 Family of Edgar Gascoigne & Hazel Webster 55 William Gascoigne Family Nucleus 7th 8th & 9th Generations 23 Family ofClive Gascoigne &Petronela Jordaan 56 Descendants of William Gascoigne & Grace James 24 Family of Quentin Gascoigne & Lesley Weir 57 William7 Gascoigne & Grace James Departure from England in 1879 25 Family of Diane Gascoigne & ColinTredoux 58 William7 Gascoigne & Family Departure from Australia for S. Africa 26 Family of Gregory Gascoigne & KatherineBewsey 59 The return to Australia from South Africa 27 Family of Vivienne Gascoigne & Terrence Cooke 60 Copy of Marriage Certificate & Obituary for William Gascoigne 28 Family of Grace Gascoigne & Thomas Connor 61 Family of Elizabeth Gascoigne &LotanPhipps 29 Family of Kathleen Connor, AbrahamDuvenage& Alan Dean 62 John8 Gascoigne & Augusta Wilhelmina Pfeifer 30 Family of GaryDuvenage& Maria Ferreira 63 Images of John8 Gascoigne & Augusta Pfeifer Family Nucleus 31 Family of PatriciaDuvenage, Gordon Langston & StephenPineau 64 John Gascoigne Family Nucleus 8th 9th & 10th Generations 32 The Arrival of Dawn 65 John & Augusta Family Nucleus Branching Out 33 Family of MelodyDuvenage& Paul Metcalfe 66 The Pfeiffer (Pfeifer) Origin 34 Family of Frances Connor & Leonard Elgin 67 Descendants of Hieronymi Pfeiffer & Clara Jung 35 Family of Carolyn Elgin & Stewart Sims-Handcock 68 Descendants of Konrad Pfeiffer & Anna Margaretha Krausgrill 36 Family of Cuan Elgin, AlisonCoetzee& Belinda Murphy 69 Friederich Balthaser Pfeiffer & Henrietta Marie Coppen 37 Family of Sean Elgin & SherylOosthuizen 70 Descendants of John Gascoigne & Augusta Pfeifer (1872~1949) 38 Family of Renee Elgin & CarlBredberg 71 Continued….. Index (Pages: 72~136) Family ofVentryConnor & Antonio Ferreira 72 Family of Berwyn Jubber & Gloria Briltnell 105 Family of Vera Gascoigne & Andrew Turnbull 73 Family of Wayne Jubber, Debbie Nell & Anel van den Berg 106 106 Family of Amy Gascoigne &Trygve Reinertsen 74 Family of Wesley Jubber & Harriet Reyneke 107 Wedding of Amy Gascoigne &Trygve Reinertsen 75 Family of Natalie Jubber & Norman van den Bergh 108 The Life of Amy Gascoigne -76 76 Family of Anthony van den Bergh, Nicolette Wright &RalievanWyk 109 Family of Gertrude Gascoigne & Edward Mackinnon 77 Family of Jamie-lee van den Bergh &KobusvanAardt 110 Descendants of Gertrude Gascoigne & Edward Mackinnon 78 Family of Bernice Jubber & Christopher Vermeulen 111 Clan Mackinnon 79 Family of Valerie Jubber & Michael Saayman 112 Clan Mackinnon -Continued 80 Family of Wynsom Jubber, MichaelAxsel& Thomas Varley 113 Descendants of Donald1 McKinnon 81 Family of Rohan Jubber, GiselaSchoeman, Vivienne Lombard & Eva Govender 114 Descendants of Donald1 McKinnon & Elizabeth Vass 82 Family of Athale Jubber & Peter Evans -113 115 Family of Donald2 McKinnon & Elizabeth MacLean 83 Family of Henry Pfeifer & Ellen Louisa Wendt -114 116 Notes for the descendants of Donald McKinnon & Elizabeth Campbell 84 Family of Allan Pfeifer & Ellen Harrison -115 117 Notes for the descendants of Donald McKinnon & Elizabeth MacLean 85 Family of Allan Henry William Pfeifer & Janette Grundy 118 Family of Alexander McKinnon & Janet MacDonald 86 Family of Robert Pfeifer & Wendy Chappell 119 Family of Donald3 McKinnon & BarbaraFinlayson 87 Family of David Pfeifer & Helen Niddrie 120 Notes for the descendants of Donald2 McKinnon & Anne Ross 88 Family of Geoffrey Pfeifer, Susan Clarke & Susan Unknown 121 Family of William McKinnon & Unie MacDonald 89 Family of Peter Pfeifer & Jane Woodhouse 122 Family of Roderick Mackinnon & Margaret Reilly 90 Family of Edna Pfeifer & John Hearse 123 Family of Unie Mackinnon & John Luke 91 Images of Charles Gascoigne & Victoria Watts Family Nucleus 124 Family of Edward Mackinnon, Jane Russell & Gertrude Gascoigne 92 Charles Gascoigne Family Nucleus -8th 9th & 10th Generations 125 Family of Fiona Mackinnon & FrankHearman 93 Charles Gascoyne & Victoria Watts 126 Family of Louise Hearmon & Malcolm Horn 94 Descendants of Charles Gascoigne & Victoria Watts (8th Generation) 127 Family of Richard Hearmon & Lorraine Campbell 95 Family of Constance Gascoigne & Roy Phipps 128 Family of Douglas Hearmon &DeidreMartin 96 Descendants of Henry Gascoigne, OlgaMaling& Mavis Taylor 129 Edward William Mackinnon (1902 ~ 1972) 97 Family of Henry Gascoigne, OlgaMaling& Mavis Taylor 130 GertrudeLilian(nee Gascoigne) Mackinnon (1907 –1965) 98 Family of Helen Joan Gascoigne & Edward Green 131 Mackinnon family bound for Scotland 1944 then South Africa 1948 99 Family of Helen Joan Green & JohnO’Gradey 132 Gavin Edward Mackinnon 100 Family of DarrenO’Gradey& Jennifer Pearce 133 Kenneth Bruce Mackinnon 101 Family of ScottO’Gradey& Catherine Ashworth 134 Family ofAmnuay Julsukon&Jitra Watanasri 102 Family of Diane Green & James Massey Snr 135 Family of Marion Mackinnon & Douglas Campbell 103 Family of James Massey Jnr. & KimBlundell 136 Family of Phillis Gascoigne & Victor Jubber 104 Continued….. Index (Pages: 137~203) Family of James Massey Jnr. & ChristinaHardie 137 Family of Gregory Gascoigne & DianaThurgood 171 Family of James Massey Jnr. & Jennifer Collier 138 Family of Harold Gascoigne & Patricia Stanger 172 Family of Michelle Massey & Corey Power 139 Family of Patricia Rose Gascoigne & William Denise Mulligan 173 Family of Joanne Massey & Kieran Carson 140 Family of Jason Anthony Mulligan & Karen Lee Myrianthopoulos 174 Family of Patricia Green & Lance Woodbridge 141 Family of Scott Bradley Mulligan & Renae Louise Holmes 175 Family of David Woodbridge & Tracy Knorre 142 Family of Daniel Craig Mulligan & Leah MeganBaltokiwicz 176 Family of Pamela Green & Peter Hillier 143 Family of Melissa Mulligan & ClaytonGow-175 177 Family of Shane Hillier & Michelle Carroll 144 Family of Fay Gascoigne & George Brodie 178 Family of Michael Hillier & Sarah Dickson 145 Family of Elizabeth Brodie & Nathan Putnam 179 Family of Emma Hillier & Anthony Evans 146 Family of Michael Brodie & Tara Fitzgerald 180 Family ofPetaHillier & Unknown 147 Family of Deborah Gascoigne & Gregory Maher 181 Family of Lisa Hillier & DavidElphick 148 Family of Paula Maher & Robert Groenewegen 182 Family of Susan Green & Ronald Preston 149 Family of Gregory Maher & Joanne Glennie 183 Family of Kylie Preston & Adam Turner 150 Family of Annette Maher & Joshua Mitchell 184 Family of Lynda Green, Desmond Flanagan & Stephen Bonython 151 Family of Lynda Gascoigne & Lucas Gooley 185 Family of Kellie Flanagan & ClintLivesley 152 Family of Emma Louise Gooley & Kristian Thomas Podetti 186 Family of Lesley Flanagan, John Belmonte & Martin McGeough 153 Family of Kristina Gascoigne & Colin Sproule 187 Family of Toni Bonython & Ricky Mitchell52 154 Family of Hayley Sproule & Guy Madden 188 Family of Norman Green & Unknown 155 Family of Desmond Gascoigne & Tracy Salter 189 Family of Yvonne Green & Unknown 156 Family ofJannineGascoigne & JohnWynen 190 Family of Cheryl Green & Unknown 157 Family of SarahWynen& David Walsh 191 Family of Wendy Green & Unknown 158 Family of Amy LeeWynen& Scott Hayward 192 Family of John Green & Caroline Coleman 159 Family of Norma Gascoigne & Gordon Marsh 193 Family of Shirley Gascoigne & Alexander Hamilton 160 Family of Kim Marsh & Rodney Farrell 194 Family of Peter Hamilton & Maureen Miller 161 Family of Kobey Farrell & Shaun Reeves 195 Family of Allen Hamilton & Diane Grey 162 Family of Gordon Marsh & Tracey Unknown 196 Family of Janet Hamilton & QuintonWoolmer 163 Family of Lee-annMarsh & Wayne Porter 197 Family of Wendy Hamilton & MervynBesgrove 164 Family of Vicky Marsh & Unknown 198 Family of David Hamilton & Jacqueline Evans 165 Family of Adam Marsh & StaceyTygielski 199 Family ofCheryleHamilton & Unknown 166 Family of Leslie Norman (Jock) Gascoigne & FrancesRixon 200 Family of Peter Gascoigne & MargaretPrendergast 167 Family ofKarrenGascoigne & DavidNewbert 201 Family of Peter Wayne Gascoigne & Heather Wells 168 Family of Lisa Gascoigne & RodneyHodgskin 202 Family of Ricky Gascoigne & Rosalind Taylor 169 Family of Nicole Gascoigne & Michael Elvin 203 Family of Glenn Gascoigne & Vicki Sproule 170 Continued….. Index (Pages: 204~243) Family of Phillip Gascoigne & Michelle Lebeter 204 Family of Craig John Gascoigne & Debbie Clark 238 Family of Marjorie Gascoigne & James Dale 205 Family of Bertram8 Gascoigne & Charlotte Brown 239 Family of Norman Dale & Barbara Johnson 206 Family of Leonard Gascoigne Balfour & Margery Bamford 240 Family of Margaret Dale & Michael Ginnings 207 Family of Leonard Gascoigne Balfour & Margery Bamford 241 Family of Edna Gascoigne & LeslieFlohr 208 Family of Leonard Gascoigne Balfour & Margery Bamford 242 Family of Norman Edward Gascoigne 209 Family of Yvonne Gascoigne Balfour & Ivan Reedy 243 Family of Florence Gascoigne, James Crowley & Francis Heath 210 Family of Brenda Crowley, Maxwell Eyles & Kenneth Turner 211 Family of David Eyles & KarenAldred 212 Family of Darrel Eyles,Rosslyne McLellan& Wendy Loudon 213 Family of Trudy Eyles & JohnSchipelleti 214 Family of Brenda Crowley & Kenneth Turner 215 Family of Donna Turner & Unknown, UnknownMagarvy& PaulGrimsley 216 Family of Rebecca Turner & Tyson Tilly 217 Family of JadeMagarvy& Dallas Jones 218 Family of Florence Gascoigne & Francis Heath 219 Family of Leslie Gascoigne & Beryl Jones 220 Family of Ethel Gascoigne & John Currie 221 Family of William8 John Gascoigne & Unknown 222 Family of Bertha Gascoigne & Thomas Whitley 223 Family of Denise Whitley & WalterDennes 224 Family of Brian Whitley & Wanda Bauer 225 Family of Robyn Whitley & Christopher Wheeler 226 Family of Caroline Whitley & Seth Bendersky 227 Family of Kevin Whitley & Anita Bishop 228 Family of Sharon Whitley & Russell Lewis 229 George Gascoigne Family Nucleus 7th 8th & 9th Generation 230 George Gascoigne & Elizabeth Phipps (7th Generation) 231 Elizabeth Anne Jane Gascoigne 232 Family of Hilton8 Gascoigne & Maude Bennett 234 Family of John9 Gascoigne & Mavis Ives 235 Family of Sandra Gascoigne & Gary Capaldi 236 Family of Nathan Capaldi & Kelly Hyde 237 6 Prelude & Acknowledgement When I started out on this project of creating a Family Album, the question was which surname to choose as the nucleus of the family tree, as each surname is as important as the next, I for instance saw the surname Mackinnon as being more important, after all it is my surname and a very ancient one and even though my ancestors were probably a bunch of sheep stealers, it’s one that I am proud of, and which can trace it’s origins back over 1,000 years. It has not one but three tartans, Dress, Hunting & Ancient, it has its own crest which dates back many hundreds of years. However I had to acknowledge that most of my known relatives are from my mother’s side, namely the Gascoigne family. Again a family that is steeped in history and although the family with it’s different spelling originally camefrom France, who settled in England at the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066 (the battle of Hastings). At this stage we have only been able to trace actual family records back to the mid 1600 starting with Symon Gaskyn. Every Gascoigne in this album is descended from Symon Gaskyn & Dorothy Stevenson, it was therefore only logical that the family tree be based around our direct descendants of the Gaskyn/Gaskin/Gascoin/Gascoigne and other similar spelling of the family name, who originated in Elvaston, Derbyshire, England about 1620. William Gascoigne & Grace James along with their children form the nucleus of our family album. Through the generations the name as well as being spelled Gascoigne which is the original and correct spelling, was also spelled as Gaskyn, Gaskin, Gascoin, Gascoyne, Gascoyen and many other variants. The primary reason being that a scribe/registrar filling in a birth, marriage or death certificate would have spelled the name as they heard it. There are even instances (although not the exception) such as with Hugh Gaskin & Leonora Hall who's children's surnames were spelled four different ways. We also know that some of our ancestors deliberately changed the spelling. This is the case with the Pfeiffer name which became Pfeifer because Frederick wanted to Anglicise it. Whether our ancestors surname in this album is spelled; GASKIN, GASCOIN, GASCOYNE or GASCOIGNE or any other way, they are our ancestors and directly descended from SYMON GASKYN (Simon Gascoigne). Even though the nucleus of our family is registered as William Gascoin at birth, for the purposes of this album I have maintained uniformity and have his surname as GASCOIGNE. To further reinforce this, his surname on his marriage certificate is spelled Gascoigne as are all his children. Whilst there are now hundreds of Gascoigne branches, this Family Album details our direct ancestral lineage down to William (Gascoin) Gascoigne & Grace James and all their descendents. More recently having established contact witha descendent of George Gascoigne, William’s younger brother, sotheir details also appear at the end of this album. As far as the descendants of John & Augusta are concerned, the Gascoigne side of the family is only it's paternal lineage, equally important for these descendants is their maternal lineage namely, the Pfeifer family. Therefore this family album tracts the maternal lineage back to HieronymiPfeiffer to around 1670. As the Pfeifer lineage is an integral part of John and Augusta's descendants, so too are their Pfeifer cousins, as a result their known family details are included in this album. Acknowledgement: The Family Ancestral lineage would not have been possible were it not for the help of several people who have kindly made the results of their Research available, amongst them are, Martin Gascoigne, Sylvia [Taylor] Robertson, Charly Gascoigne~Pees, Jayne Chalmers, Phillip Staveley, Helen Bastable, Janette Pfeifer, Dave Pfeifer, Jenni (nee Mackinnon) Holloway for tracking down the Mackinnon lineage and Margaret Ginnings who has done a magnificent job in mapping our Australian Gascoigne side of the family. We who get to enjoy their labour owe them our gratitude for sharing their effort with the rest of the family. I would also like to thank all those family members who kindly assisted me in tracking down our living relatives, as well as a big thank you to all those who kindly provided their family details and photo's thus making this album possible. Many old photo's and documents have surfaced during the creation of this Family Album and are now in digital format and have been added to the Family Photo Archive, so even though the originals remain in the hands of a few, the electronic copies are available to all other family members upon request. To be sure the creation of this family album was not without it's hurdles, and whilst it will always be a work in progress as generations come and go, as a result I will continue to update the album for as long as I can. Each revision of this album is reflected on the front page. This album is complete as far as the names are concerned, unfortunately a number of family members were either un~contactable, too busy to provide their details, perceived it as an infringement of their privacy, or simply not interested, and in one instance did not want their details appearing in this album. Be that as it may, with the exception of some minor details and thelack of a photo the album is complete, although no doubt not without some errors. It does however go a long way in documenting our family lineage, and gives us a better insightinto who our relatives are. Whilst I had asked family members to provide highlights of their life, few were forthcoming, for my part I have included short stories for the Mackinnon family.(Kenneth Mackinnon (Sydney, Australia 2014) The Gascoigne Origin 7 Gascoigne The surname Gascoigne includes an extensive set of variants such as Gaskyn, Gaskin, Gasking, Gaskoin, Gascoin, Gascoine, Gaskoyne, Gascoyne & other variants of the name all of which are local in origin, derived from the name of the place where the original bearer dwelt or where he once held land. In this instance, the place referred to is the old province of Gascoigne in the southwest of France, which belonged to England from 1152 until 1453. Prior to that, it is known that the place Gascoigne dates back to at least the 6th century as records show that a child of Bertrude de Franconia & Clothaire II Meroving King of All Franks was Charibert II King of Aquitaine who was born 0598 in Metz, France , and died 0631 in Gascoigne, France. The surname was introduced to England following the Norman Conquest of 1066 (as was the department's main beverage ~ witness the medieval poem Piers Plowman's reference to "wyn of Gascoigne"!), and was first recorded in the reign of Henry II, when one William de Gasconia is listed as a resident of Buckinghamshire. Subsequently, references to the name abound, Johannes Gascoigne, for example, appearing in the Yorkshire Poll Tax lists of 1379, and Robert Gaskyn in the Feel of Fines for Shropshire in 1273. Notable bearers of the name have included Sir William Gascoigne (1350~1413), Chief Justice of the King's bench in the reign of Henry IV, and, according to tradition, the man who sentenced the Prince of Wales, who later became Henry V, to be imprisoned for indecorous conduct before the bench. In 1612 many families of the name were granted the right to bear arms. The surname was also established in the New World at an early date. A passengers on the ship "Merchant", bound for Virginia in July, 1635, was a Savill Gascoyne, & a 22 year old cordwainer from London, Thomas Gascoyne, sailed to Maryland, USA on the "Baltimore" in March, 1774. The name is also prominent in Australia, In 1839 the Gascoyne region named after Captain John Gascoyne RN (son of Bamber Gascoyne, a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty) is one of the nine administrative regions of Western Australia. It is located inthe north west of Western Australia, altogether it has an area of 138,000 km² (including islands) with a population of just 14,500 people. William Gascoigne & his family along with his unmarried younger brother George left their hometown in Kingston-on-Soar, Nottinghamshire, England in1879 and set sail on the Ninevahfor Australia. The rest of William’s siblings setoff forNew Zealand & Canada. Twenty years later around 1899William took off for SouthAfricaon his own, he was later to be followed by his two married sons John & Charles & their families along with their younger brother William in 1902. Then in 1903 they intern were followed by William’s wife Grace & the rest of their family with the exception of their eldest daughter Elizabeth. They all settled in Newcastle, Natal. In 1910 Grace & daughter Bertha & son Frank along with Victoria & her children left S. Africa & returned to Australia, a year later in 1911 Charles also returned to Australia. On their return they allsettled in Richmond & the adjoining town of Windsor, NSW. William & son John & daughter Ethel & their two families stayed on in S. African & never returned to Australia. Today, the descendantsof William & Grace Gascoigne number in the hundreds & are scattered all around the world. BLAZON OF ARMS : Argent on a pale sable a conger eel’s head erect couped. CREST : A demi~eel’s head erect or between two Ostrich feathers. ORIGIN : FRANCE & ENGLAND KBM 8 The English Gascoigne Lineage Where did the English Gascoigne family come from? The name Gascoigne is derived from the name of the place where the original bearer dwelt or where he once held land. In this instance, the place referred to is the old province of Gascoigne in the southwest of France. We know that the name Gascoigne dates back more than 1500 years as record show that a child of Bertrude de Franconia and Clothaire II King of All Franks was Charibert II King of Aquitaine who was born 0598 in Metz, France , and died 0631 in Gascoigne, France. Anglo~Norman names are characterised by a multitude of spelling variations. When the Normans became the ruling people of England in the 11th century, they introduced a new language into a society where the main languages of Old and later Middle English had no definite spelling rules. These languages were more often spoken than written, so they blended freely with one another. Contributing to this mixing of tongues was the fact that medieval scribes spelled words according to sound, as a result the spelling of a person's name would appear differently in nearly every document in which it was recorded. The name Gascoigne has been spelled Gaskyn, Gaskin, Gascoyne, Gaskoyne, Gascoine, Gascon, Gascoin, Gascoyen & many other variants. It was not uncommon to see the surname spelled differently even for children of the same family just to make life difficult for their descendants. The English Gascoigne's were first found in Yorkshire where they were seated from very early times and were granted lands by Duke William of Normandy, their liege Lord, for their distinguished assistance at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 A.D. However detailed records for our family have at this stage only been traced back to the mid 1600 starting with SYMON GASKYN. At this stage his parents are unknown. Symon Gaskyn originated in Elvaston, Derbyshire, England about 1640. As of 2013, this family album provides details on fifteen generations of Gascoigne’s. It is hoped that this Family Album will inspire other family members to take an interest in our family genealogy and may possibly be able to track the lineage back even further. But for the moment our earliest recorded ancestor is Symon Gaskyn born in 1640. And whilst I have documented each family branch in our ancestral lineage in another program, this album however specifically reflects only the direct lineage. Our direct recorded ancestors therefore are: 1st Generation: Symon1 Gaskyn (1640~1689) 2nd Generation: Hugh2 Gaskin (1670~1746) 3rd Generation: John3 Gaskin (1705~?) 4th Generation: Hugh4 Gaskin (1744~1791) 5th Generation: Hugh5 Gaskin (1782~1874) 6th Generation: John6 Gascoin (1825~1914) 7th Generation: William7 (Gascoin) Gascoigne (1849~1927) The 8th Generation descended from William7 (Gascoin) Gascoigne who forms the nucleus of our Family Album were: Elizabeth8 John8 Charles8Edward Annie8 Ethel8 Alice8 William8J. Bertha8 Gascoigne Gascoigne Gascoigne Gascoigne Gascoigne Gascoigne Gascoigne Gascoigne (1871 –1956) (1872 –1949) (1876 –1958) (1878 –1901) (1881 –1964) (1884 –1885) (1886 –?) (1889–1978) Age: 85 Age: 77 Age: 82 Age: 23 Age: 83 Age: 1 Age: ? Age: 89 9 The Life & Times of Symon Gaskyn Symon Gaskyn was born in 1640 during one of the most tumultuous periods in English history with two civil wars only a few years apart with brother against brother & father against son, one has to assume that the Gascoigne’s sided with Parliament. At the time of Symon'sbirth, Charles I was then the King of England, Scotland and Ireland until his execution in 1649. Charles I was the second son of James VI, King of Scots and Anne of Denmark and Norway, Scotland and Ireland. Charles I famously engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England. He was an advocate of the Divine Right of Kings, which was the belief that kings received their power from God, and many subjects of England feared that he was attempting to gain absolute power. Many of his actions, particularly the levying of taxes without Parliament's consent, caused widespread opposition. Religious conflicts permeated Charles's reign. He married a Catholic princess, Henrietta Maria of France, over the objections of Parliament and public opinion. He further allied himself with controversial religious figures, including the ecclesiastic Richard Montagu and William Laud, whom Charles appointed Archbishop of Canterbury. Many of Charles's subjects felt this brought the Church of England too close to Roman Catholicism. Charles's later attempts to force religious reforms upon Scotland led to the Bishops' Wars that weakened England's government and helped precipitate his downfall. His last years were marked by the English Civil War, in which hewas opposed by the forces of Parliament headed by Oliver Cromwell (nicknamed "Ironsides" and dubbed the King killer), which challenged his attempts to augment his own power, and by Puritans, who were hostile to his religious policies and supposed Catholic sympathies. Charles was defeated in the First Civil War (1642~1645), after which Parliament expected him to accept demands Oliver Cromwell King Charles I for a constitutional monarchy. He instead remained defiant by attempting to forge an alliance with Scotland and (1599~1658) (1600 –1649) escaping to the Isle of Wight. This provoked a Second Civil War (1648~1649) Scots against Scots, English against English and a second defeat for Charles, who was subsequently captured, tried, convicted, and be-headed for high treason. The monarchy was then abolished and a republic called the Commonwealth of England, also referred to as the Cromwellian Interregnum, was declared. After the execution of King Charles Iin 1649, Oliver Cromwell went on to dominated the short-lived Commonwealth of England, conquered Ireland and Scotland, and ruled as Lord Protector (he insisted on being addressed as “His Majesty”) from 1653 until his death in 1658. Cromwell had grown to manhood during the reign of James I (King of England 1603~25) and to maturity during that of Charles I (King from 1625). Charles I, who stirred up opposition by his tactless handling of parliaments, by ruling throughout the 1630s without calling a parliament, by taking an authoritarian line and exploiting to the full the fiscal and other powers of the crown, and by seeking to impose upon theChurch of England a more elaborate and ceremonial form of religion. When in the late 1630s Scotland rose up against the King's religious policies and defeated his English army, Charles was forced to call parliament in 1640 and to make concessions to it, reversing some of his earlier policies. But the political crisis in England continued.Following the death of Cromwell England however realised that it could not continue without a monarchy, so Charles's son, Charles II, became King after the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. At the time Charles II was proclaimed King, Symon Gaskyn was then 20 years of age. Another timeline comparison was thatSymon Gaskyn was already twelve years old by the time Jan van Riebeecklanded at the Cape of Good Hope in 1652. After the British had decided against the establishment of a colony at the Cape ofGood Hope, it was the Dutch who realized it’s strategic and economic importance. On a commission for the Dutch-East India Trading company the merchant Jan van Riebeeckanchored in the picturesque bay at the foot of the Table Mountain on April 6, 1652. This sparked the start of European settlement in South Africa. Following Symon Gaskyn'sbirth in 1640 it would be another 148 years before the foundingof Australia at Sydney Cove in 1788 by the British. And another 239 years before his descendant’s William &George (Gascoin) Gascoigne set foot in Australia in 1879, 91 years after first settlement. 10 The Gascoigne Lineage (1) Married: 2 Oct 1665 (2) Married: 26 Jun 1682 Dorothy Stevenson Symon1Gaskyn Ann Watson G1 in Elvaston, in Aston-on-Trent, 1644~? Derbyshire,England 1640~1689 Derbyshire,England age 49 ? –? Derbyshire,England Derbyshire, England Hugh2Gaskin Sarah2Gaskin (1673~) Edward2Gaskin (1698~1677) Hugh2Gaskin Married: 9 Apr 1693 Winifred Ward G2 1670~1746 Derbyshire England age 76 in Dale Abbey,Derbyshire,England 1670~1726 Aston-on-Trent,Derbyshire,England age 56 Sarah3Gaskin (1694~?) Robert3Gaskin (1697~1760) Mary3Gaskin (1700~?) Winifred3Gaskin (1703~1725) John3Gaskin John3Gaskin Married: +/-1728 Mary? G3 1705~? in Aston-on-Trent, Derbyshire, England in Derbyshire,England ?-? John4Gaskin (1732~) Winifred4Gaskin (1733~) Mary4Gaskin (1735~) Edward4Gaskin (1737~1780) Sarah4Gaskin (1739~) Robert4Gaskin (1742~) Hugh4Gaskin Married: 9 Mar 1776 Hugh4Gaskin Sarah Mason G4 in Burton-upon-Trent,Staffordshire, 1744 –1791 Aston-on-Trent, Derbyshire,England age 47 +/-1757~ ? England William5Gaskin (1779~) Hugh5Gaskin (1781~1781) Hugh5Gaskin John5Gaskin (1784~1860) Sarah5Gaskin (1787~) Mary5Gaskin (1790~) Hugh5Gaskin Married: 24 Dec 1804 Leonora Hall G5 1782~1874 Aston-upon-Trent,Derbyshire,England age 92 in Kegworth,Leicestershire,England +/-1782~1876 Leicestershire England age 94 Ann6Gaskin Sarah6Gaskin Mary6Ann Gaskin Thomas6Gaskin Elizabeth6Gaskin Robert6Gaskin John6Gaskin Hugh6Gaskin (+/-1803~) (1806~) (+/-1808~1885) (1810~) (1812~) (1814~1892) (1816~1819) (1818~1893) Harriet6Gaskin Charlotte6Gascoin James6Gascoigne William6Gaskin John6Gascoin (1820~1902) (1823~1852) (1824~1903) (1828~1914) Ann Stevenson (1) Married: 26 Jan 1846 John6Gascoin (2) Married: 26 Aug 1883 Mary Hudson G6 +/-1825~1883 East Leake, in Parish Church of St Mary, 1825 –1914 Kingston-on-Soar, in Parish Church Codnor 1846~? Kingston-on-Soar, Nottinghamshire,England age 58 Nottinghamshire,England Nottinghamshire,England age 89 [& Loscoe],Derbyshire,England Nottinghamshire,England Emma7Leonora Gascoin (1846~1919) Edward7Gascoigne(1847~1914) William7Gascoin Olive7Gascoin (1883~1968) George7Gascoin (1854~1936) Charles7Arthur Gaskin (1857~1943) Anne7Maria Gascoin (1859~) Mary7Gascoin (1891~) William7Gascoin Married: 17 Jan. 1871 Grace James G7 1849~1927 died in Newcastle, Natal,South Africa age 78 in Ashby de la Zouche, Derby, England 1850~1928 died in Richmond, NSW,Australia age 78 Elizabeth8Gascoigne John8Gascoigne Charles8Gascoyne Annie8Gascoigne Ethel8Gascoigne Alice8Gascoigne William8J Gascoigne Bertha8Gascoigne G8 (1871~1956) (1872~1949) (1876~1958) (1878~1901) (1881~1964) (1884~1885) (1886~?) (1889~1977)