The French Republic The French Republic S History, Values, Debates s edited by Edward Berenson, Vincent Duclert, and Christophe Prochasson Cornell University Press Ithaca and London Copyright © 2011 by Cornell University This work, published as part of the program of aid for publication, received support from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Cultural Services of the French Embassy in the United States. Cet ouvrage publié dans le cadre du programme d’aide à la publication, bénéfi cie du soutien du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères et du Service Culturel de l’Ambassade de France représenté aux États-Unis. This work has also received support from the Humanities Institute at NYU. Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 25, and “American Perspectives on the French Republic” fi rst appeared in Dictionnaire critique de la République (Paris: Flammarion, 2002, 2007), and appear here with the generous permission of Éditions Flammarion. Part of the introduction, chapters 2, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 23, and the conclusion by Vincent Duclert have been translated by Arthur Goldhammer. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. First published 2011 by Cornell University Press Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The French Republic : history, values, debates / edited by Edward Berenson, Vincent Duclert, and Christophe Prochasson. p. cm. Some contributions translated from the French. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8014-4901-7 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. France—History—1789– 2. Republicanism—France— History. 3. Political culture—France—History. 4. France— Intellectual life. I. Berenson, Edward, 1949– II. Duclert, Vincent, 1961– III. Prochasson, Christophe. DC55.F695 2011 944—dc22 2010053812 Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetable-based, low-VOC inks and acid-free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed of nonwood fi bers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu. Cloth printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Introduction: Transatlantic Histories of France Edward Berenson and Vincent Duclert, translated by Arthur Goldhammer 1 Part I. Time and History 9 1. The Enlightenment Johnson Kent Wright 11 2. The First Republic Patrice Gueniffey, translated by Arthur Goldhammer 19 3. The Second Republic Edward Berenson 27 4. The Republicans of the Second Empire Sudhir Hazareesingh, translated by Arthur Goldhammer 35 5. The Third Republic Philip Nord 44 6. War and the Republic Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau, translated by Arthur Goldhammer 56 7. The Republic and Vichy Julian Jackson, translated by Arthur Goldhammer 65 8. The Fourth Republic Rosemary Wakeman 73 9. The Fifth Republic Martin Schain 83 vi S Contents Part II. Principles and Values 93 10. Liberty Jeremy Jennings 95 11. Equality Jeremy Jennings 103 12. Fraternity Anne-Claude Ambroise-Rendu, translated by Arthur Goldhammer 112 13. Democracy Patrice Gueniffey, translated by Arthur Goldhammer 119 14. Laicity Jean Baubérot, translated by Arthur Goldhammer 127 15. Citizenship Cécile Laborde, translated by Arthur Goldhammer 136 16. Universalism Jeremy Jennings 145 17. The Republic and Justice Paul Jankowski 154 18. The State Herrick Chapman 163 19. The Civilizing Mission Alice L. Conklin 173 20. Parité Joan Wallach Scott 182 21. The Press Dominique Kalifa, translated by Renée Champion and Edward Berenson 189 22. Times of Exile and Immigration Lloyd Kramer 197 23. The USA, Sister Republic François Weil, translated by Arthur Goldhammer 207 24. The Local Stéphane Gerson 213 Part III. Dilemmas and Debates 221 25. The Republic and the Indigènes Emmanuelle Saada, translated by Renée Champion and Edward Berenson 223 Contents s vii 26. Immigration Mary Dewhurst Lewis 232 27. The Immigration History Museum Nancy L. Green 242 28. Decolonization and the Republic Todd Shepard 252 29. The Suburbs Frédéric Viguier 262 30. The Republic and the Veil John R. Bowen 272 31. Antisemitism, Judeophobia, and the Republic Steven Englund 278 32. Feminism and the Republic Karen Offen 289 33. Gender and the Republic Bonnie G. Smith 299 34. Order and Disorder in the Family Éric Fassin 308 35. Children and the State Ivan Jablonka 315 36. Commemoration Daniel J. Sherman 324 37. Intellectuals and the Republic Jerrold Seigel 334 38. Cultural Policy Herman Lebovics 344 Conclusions 355 American Perspectives on the French Republic Edward Berenson 357 Beyond the “Republican Model” Vincent Duclert, translated by Arthur Goldhammer 367 Contributors 373 The French Republic