THE FLOUTING OF CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS BY THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN TITANIC MOVIE A THESIS By: AGUS PURWANTO NIM : A03301195 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS THE STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA 2008 THE FLOUTING OF CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS BY THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN TITANIC MOVIE A THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirement for Strata I Degree in English By: AGUS PURWANTO NIM : A03301195 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS THE STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA 2008 APPROVAL SHEET THESIS ENTITLED THE FLOUTING OF CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS BY THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN TITANIC MOVIE This thesis has been approved by the advisor and could be proposed to fulfill the requirement for strata I degree of English and Literary Department Adab Faculty. The State Institute for Islamic Studies By Agus Purwanto A.03301195 The Advisor Drs. Moh. Kurjum, M.Ag NIP. 150.269.565 APPROVAL SHEET Thesis Entitled THE FLOUTING OF CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS BY THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN TITANIC MOVIE Accepted and Approved by The Board of Examiners of English Department. Faculty of Letters. The State Institute for Islamic Studies. By : Agus Purwanto NIM.A03.301.195 Surabaya, November 12th 2008 Dean, Misbahul Munir, M.Ag NIP. 150 234 692 The Board of Examiners, The advisor / Head of Examination Secretary, Drs. Muhammad Kurjum, M.Ag Endratno Pilih Swasono, S.Pd NIP.150 269 565 NIP. 150 327 220 Examiner I Examiner II Drs. Dzo’ul Milal, M.Pd Wahju Kusumajanti, M.Hum NIP. 150 299 947 NIP. 150 291 152 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The writer would like to thank to ALLAH SWT who gives His strength and ability to conduct and to finish the study. The writer realizes that without His help, it would not be possible for the writer to finish the study. In addition, the writer also wants to give his biggest appreciation to his advisor, Mr. Kurjum for being very kind, helpful. Thanks to the writer’s parents, especially his mother. Thanks to his sister, Ayu, who always makes the writer smile. Lastly, the writer wants to thank MyFika, who gives anything the writer needs. And for all the writer’s friend. The Writer ABSTRACT Purwanto, Agus Linguistic The Flouting of Conversational Maxims by The Main Characters in Titanic Movie Theoretically, in communication, people should apply the cooperative principle that consists on four maxims of conversation. They are maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relevance, and maxim of manner. According to Grice (1975), people should obey those maxims in order to have an effective communication without any miscommunication. In fact, people sometimes flout the maxims. People mostly have reason behind flouting the maxims. Therefore, in this study, the writer is interested in analyzing the type of maxims in Titanic movie, the reason of the flouting maxims, and the consequences of the flouting maxims. The writer chooses Titanic movie because it has good effect and visuals, and it also provides excellent commentary on the issue of dramatic story as well as good appreciation by the audience. TABLE OF CONTENT Tittle Approval Sheet Acknowledgement Abstract Table of Content CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem 3 1.3 Research Objective 4 1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Study 4 1.5 Significance of the Study 4 1.6 Definition of Key Terms 5 1.7 Organization of the Study 6 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED THEORIES 2.1 Review of Related Theories 7 2.1 Grice’s Theory of Cooperative Principles 7 2.1.1 The Fulfillment of Conversational Maxims 8 2.1.1.1 Maxims of Quantity 8 2.1.1.2 Maxims of Quality 9 2.1.1.3 Maxims of Relevance 10 2.1.1.4 Maxims of Manner 10 2.1.1.2 The Flouting of Conversational Maxims 11 2.1.1.2.1 The Flouting of Maxim of Quantity 12 2.1.1.2.2 The Flouting of Maxim of Quality 13 2.1.1.2.3 The Flouting of Maxim of Relevance 14 2.1.1.2.4 The Flouting of Maxim of Manner 15 2.1.2 Understanding Human Communication 17 2.1.2.1 Verbal Clues 17 2.1.2.2 Nonverbal Clues 18 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODE 3.1 Research Design 26 3.2 Source of Data 26 3.3 Instruments of The Study 26 3.4 Data Collection Technique 27 3.5 Data Analysis Technique 27 CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS 4.1 The Flouting of The Maxims 29 4.1.1 The Flouting of Maxim of Relevance 29 4.1.2. The Flouting of Maxim of Quantity 30 4.1.3 The Flouting of Maxim of Quality 31 4.1.4 The Flouting of Maxim of Manner 32 4.2 The Reason of Flouting the Maxims 33 4.2.1 The Reason of Flouting Maxim of Relevance 33 4.2.2 The Reason of Flouting Maxim of Quantity 34 4.2.3 The Reason of Flouting Maxim of Quality 35 4.2.4 The Reason of Flouting The Maxim of Manner 36 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION 38 REFERENCES APPENDIX CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Language is a system to transfer and to inform something through a communication. People usually use language to inform, to express their idea, and to build up their social relationship so that language is important thing for human being to maintain their life. Besides, language is related to communication, and communication is, among other, speaking which is done by having a conversation. Conversation needs someone to be a speaker and a hearer. They have to be cooperative and have contribution or message, which can be understood by the listener in order that the communication is success. Based on Grice (1975), people will have a successful conversation if they fulfill the cooperative principles that are related in the four maxims of conversation. The four maxims are maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relevance, and maxim of manner. These principles can make the conversation work effectively and run smoothly. On the other hand, people sometimes speak without fulfilling the maxims. They flout them because they have certain reasons. For example, a child is lying about his/her bad mark in school in order to avoid the punishment from his/her parents. Here, a child flouts the maxim of quality, which requires him/her to say to say something that is untrue or false. Another example, Andy meets his friend whom he dislikes, and his friend makes a conversation firstly, such as “how are you?” because