The first pseudogarypid in Rovno amber (Ukraine) (Pseudoscorpiones: Pseudogarypidae) HansHenderickx,EvgenyE.Perkovsky,LucVanHoorebeke&MatthieuBoone Abstract.ThefirstPseudogarypuspseudoscorpionisrecordedfromRovnoamber(Ukraine).Thefossilispartiallyobscured andpyretised,butitcouldbereconstructedvirtuallywithhighresolutionX-raycomputedtomography(micro-CT).Itwasaiso compared with the Pseudogarypus speciesfrom late Eocene Baltic amber, and the conspecificywith Pseudogarypusminor Beier,1947isargued. Samenvatting.DeeerstePseudogarypus(Pseudoscorpiones:Pseudogarypidae)uitRovnoamber(Oekraïne) DeeerstePseudogarypuspseudoschorpioenwerdgemelduitRovnoamber(Oekraïne).Hetfossielisgedeeltelijkzichtbaaren gepyritiseerd,maarkonvirtueelgereconstrueerdwordendoormiddelhighresolutionX-raycomputedtomography(micro-CT). HetwerdondermeervergelekenmetdePseudogarypus-soortenvanBaltischeamberuithetlaat-Eoceenendedeterminatie alsPseudogarypusminorBeier,1947wordtgeargumenteerd. Résumé.Premièrementiond'unPseudogarypus(Pseudoscorpiones:Pseudogarypidae)del'ambredeRovno(Ukraine) Le premier pseudoscorpion du genre Pseudogarypus est mentionné de l'ambre de Rovno (Ukraine). Le fossile n'est que partiellementvisibleetpyritisé,maisenutilisantlatomographieauxrayonsXdehauterésolution(micro-CT),ilpourraitmême être reconstitué. L'exemplairefutcomparéavecdesespècesde Pseudogarypusdel'ambrebaltiquedel'éocènetardif,etla conspécificitéavecPseudogarypusminorBeier,1947estargumentée. Keywords:Pseudoscorpiones-Pseudogarypidae-micro-CTscan-Rovnoamberfossil. Henderickx H.: Department of Biology, Universiteit Antwerpen (UA), Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium, (Addressforcorrespondence:Hemelrijkstraat4,B-2400Mol)[email protected] Perkovsky E. E.: Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, NASU, 15 Bogdan Khmelnitsky Str., Kiev, 01601 Ukraine; [email protected],[email protected] Van Hoorebeke L., Boone M.: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Introduction amber and shows two cracks (Fig. 1). The lateral sides andtheundersideareobscuredwithopaqueamber(Fig. Rovno amber, represented bythe depositsfrom the 2a). Under the specimen is an internal flowline with north ofthe Rovno region (Perkovsky etal. 2007, 2010) cracks, which makes it impossibleto make observations contains a rich invertebrate fauna. It is geographically via the ventral plane. Lateral facets were grinded and independentfrom Balticamber. Morethan170newtaxa polished to lookatthe chelal handsandto observethe have been described from Rovno amber in the period chaetotaxy. Dorsal and ventral planparallel planes have 2002-2012, but both late Eocene ambers also join been grinded and polished to allow illumination and numerous invertebrate species (Perkovsky et al. 2010; betterobservation. The specimen wastilted in different Perkovsky2011). positions in low viscosityfluid to adjusttheobservation In2012ageogarypidpseudoscorpionwasreportedin edgeformeasurements(Fig.3a,b,c,d). Rovno amber, that appeared to be conspecific with Opticallyvisibledetailswereobservedand measured GeogarypusgorskiiHenderickx,2006,aspeciesoriginally using reflected and translucent illumination with a Leitz described from Baltic amber (Henderickx & Perkovsky microscope and a Canon MP-E objective in combination 2012 withZerenestackerimageprocessingsoftware. ). Here we analyseanotherinteresting pseudoscorpion specimen from Rovno amber. This specimen is X-rayscanningandreconstruction moderately preserved, but the observation could be ThefossilwasscannedattheGhentUniversityCenter completed with high resolution X-ray computed for Tomography (UGCT) using the dual-head system tomography (micro-CT) and again it was possible to (Masschaele et al. 2007). Given the sample size, the attributethespecimentoanexistingspecies. transmissiën tube head was used. A total of 1801 projection images of 1450x1820 pixels were recorded Materialsand methods usingthe Varian PaxScan 2520V at an exposuretime of 2000ms per projection. A geometrical magnification of Amberfossil approximately 60 was used, yielding a reconstructed Theexamined pseudoscorpion K-27423wasfound in voxel size of 2.11^ pm^. The 3D volume was Klesov (Rovno region) and is deposited in the collection reconstructed using the in-house developed software oftheSchmalhausenInstituteofZoology. packageOctopus(www.octopusreconstruction.com)and Thespecimenisfossilisedina32x9x6mmpieceof renderings were made using Volume Graphics amber, engraved K-27423. It appears complete, but VGStudioMax(www.volumegraphics.com). larger parts are covered with white opaque amber. The Due to the high amount of highiy-attenuating visible dorsal side is somewhatdiscoloured with whitish material present in thefossil (Fig. 4a, b), most probably Phegea41(4)Ol.xii.2013:90 ISSN0771-5277 pyrite, phase contrast edge enhancement was minimal, carapaceoftheholotypeofP.pangaeaHenderickx,2006 despitetheobject-to-detectordistanceofapproximately which is wider than long (Henderickx et al. 2006). The 850 mm. Uniike previous visualized fossil pseudoscor- teeth of the pedipalpal finger could be observed with pions in amber(Henderickxetal. 2006, 2012) somefine translucent light, (Fig. 5a, Fig. 3c)and appearspaced, as detailscouldthusnotclearlybevisualized. Nevertheless, inP.minor,differentfromP.pangaea(Fig.3g)whichhas the 3D renderings provide useful morphological a contiguous row of teeth on both pedipalpal fingers information. (Henderickxetal.2006:48). a c 0.36x0.13(2.7) mm 1 3 Figure3a:PseucJogarypusminorinRovnoamber,rightchela,paraxial viewwithtranslucentindicationofthethreeaxialtrichobothriaofthe Figure2.PseudogarypusminorinRovnoamber,rightlateralview,2a: pedipalpalfinger. Fig.3b, c,d: Pseudogarypus minor in Rovnoamber, visiblelight,2bmicro-CTreconstruction,samescale. left chela, tilted in different positions to allow measurements (indicated)andobservationoftheteeth(3c).Figure3e:Pseudogarypus Systematics synchrotron, holotype, left chela of holotype, mirror view; Fig. 3f: Pseudogarypusminor, rightchela (accordingtoBeier, 1947); Fig.3g: Pseudogarypuspangaea,holotype,leftchela. FossilPseudogarypidae Five fossil species of Pseudogarypidae Chamberlin, 1923 (Feaelloidea) have been described from Baltic amber.AnoverviewisgiveninFlenderickxetal.2012. TheRovnospecimen:diagnosis (measurementsinmm,ifnotindicated) This pseudoscorpion from Rovno amber is a typical Pseudogarypus, it has 4 well visible eyes on protuberances, a carapace with posterolateral protuberances anterior to carapacal alae and pleural membranes raised into folds (Fig. 2b). It is a small specimen(bodylength2mm(Fig.4),witharelativeshort femur (0.63 x 0.13, L/W index 4.8) This excludes the species with a relative long pedipalpal femur {Pseudogarypus synchrotron Henderickx, 2012 (Fig. 3e), sFeitgtuirnegs4ao,fbt:hePsreeucdoonsgtarruycptuisonmoinno3rbainreRdoivfnfeorenatmbteor,shomwictrhoe-CiTntesrcnaanl, P. hemprichli Beier, 1937 and P. extensus Beier, 1937). pyritecrystallisation. Thecarapaceisaslongaswide(0.56mmx0.56mm),as Pseudogarypusminor Beier, 1947 figured in the original description (Beier 1947: 194), different from the ISSN0771-5277 Phegea41(4)Ol.xii.2013:91 characteristicofaPseudogarypustritonnymph.Thesmall sizecouldthereforebeexplainedbythesubadultstateof the specimen. The ventral side, visible with micro-CT scan (Fig. 4a, b) does notshowa well developed genital plate, onlya minorcurve indicatingthatthespecimen is probablyasubadultmale. Conclusion We can conclude that the Rovno specimen is a tritonnymph, conspecific with Pseudogarypus minor, a speciesdescribedfromEoceneBalticamber. Figure5: Acknowledgements The Rovno specimen appearstherefore more similar The Micro-CT scans, beamtime and reconstructions with P. minor, but is significant smaller than the latter: were fully supported by the Ghent University, thefemurlength isonly0.63 mm (0.79 in P. minor, Fig. DepartmentofSubatomicandRadiationPhysics. 3f). However, a ventral illumination revealed only tree trichobothria on the axial side of the chelal fingers, a References BeierM. 1947.PseudoscorpioneimBaltischenBernsteinunddieUntersuchungvonBernstein-Einschlüssen.—Mikroscopie, Wien 1:188-199. HendPesreiucdkoxgaH.ryAp.u,sC(nPusdeduedoVs.c,orMpaisosncehsa;elPseeuB.d,ogDaireryipcikdaMe.),wViltahsstehberouescekoJf.X&-rVayanmiFclrooo-rCeTbetkoepLe.ne2t0r0a6t.eDoepsacqriupetiaomnbeorf.a—neZwooftoassxial 1305:41-50. — Flenderickx H. A., Perkovsky E. 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