THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY VOLUME XVIII The Fifteenth Century ISSN 1479–9871 General Editor Dr. Linda Clark Assistant Editor Dr. Hannes Kleineke Editorial Advisory Committee Dr. Rowena E. Archer, University of Oxford Professor Christine Carpenter, University of Cambridge Professor Christopher Dyer, University of Leicester Dr. David Grummitt, Canterbury Christ Church University Dr. Catherine Nall, Royal Holloway, University of London Professor A.J. Pollard, University of Teesside Professor Carole Rawcliffe, University of East Anglia Dr. Benjamin Thompson, Somerville College, Oxford Professor John Watts, Corpus Christi College, Oxford This series aims to provide a forum for the most recent research into the political, social, religious and cultural history of the fifteenth century in Britain and Europe. Contributions for future volumes are welcomed; prospective contributors should consult the guidelines at the end of this volume. THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY XVIII RULERS, REGIONS AND RETINUES ESSAYS PRESENTED TO A.J. POLLARD Edited by LINDA CLARK and PETER FLEMING THE BOYDELL PRESS © Contributors 2020 All Rights Reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner First published 2020 The Boydell Press, Woodbridge ISBN 978-1-78327-563-2 hardback ISBN 978-1-80010-112-8 ePDF The Boydell Press is an imprint of Boydell & Brewer Ltd PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK and of Boydell & Brewer Inc. 668 Mt Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620–2731 website: www.boydellandbrewer.com A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library The publisher has no responsibility for the continued existence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate Cover Design: Simon Loxley CONTENTS List of Abbreviations ix Preface xi Part I: Rulers Tyranny and Affinity: The Public and Private Authority of Richard II and Richard III 1 GWILYM DODD The Commission to ensure Good Governance of 11 May 1402: A Case Study of Lancastrian Counter-Propaganda 17 DOUGLAS BIGGS A Failure in Foresight: the Lancastrian Kings and the Lancastrian Dukes 27 MICHAEL HICKS Part II: Regions The Strothers: A Tale of Northern Gentle Folk, Social Mobility and Stagnation in Late Medieval Northumberland 41 ANDY KING ‘No Good unto our said King at this Time’ 57 ROSEMARY HORROX Contemporary and Near-Contemporary Chroniclers: The North of England and the Wars of the Roses, c.1450–1471 65 KEITH DOCKRAY England, 1461: Predominantly Provincial Perspectives on the Early Months of the Reign of Edward IV 81 HANNES KLEINEKE Greater Landowners and the Management of their Estates in Late Medieval England 93 JAMES ROSS viii Contents Lordship and the Social Elite in the Lordship of Gower during the Wars of the Roses 105 RALPH A. GRIFFITHS A Yorkist Legacy for the Tudor Prince of Wales on the Welsh Marches: Affinity-Building, Regional Government and National Politics, 1471–1502 119 SEAN CUNNINGHAM Part III: Retinues Southern England and Campaigns to France, 1415–1453 133 ANNE CURRY Last Men Standing: Lancashire Soldiers in the Wars in France 151 MICHAEL BENNETT Northern Pride goes Before a Fall: The ‘Horrorable’ History of Adelston Attysle 165 CAROLE RAWCLIFFE List of Contributors 183 Professor Tony Pollard: An Appreciation 185 ANNE CURRY The Published Works of A.J. (Tony) Pollard, 1972–2019 189 ANNE CURRY and SANDRA POLLARD Index 195 Tabula Gratulatoria 209 ABBREVIATIONS BIHR Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research BJRL Bulletin of the John Rylands Library BL British Library, London BNF Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris Bodl. Bodleian Library, Oxford Cal. Inq. Misc. Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous CChR Calendar of Charter Rolls CCR Calendar of Close Rolls CFR Calendar of Fine Rolls CIPM Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem CP G.E. Cokayne, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, ed. V. Gibbs et al. (12 vols., 1910–59) CPL Calendar of Papal Registers. Papal Letters CPR Calendar of Patent Rolls EcHR Economic History Review EETS Early English Text Society EHR English Historical Review Foedera Thomas Rymer, Foedera, Conventiones, Literae et Cujuscunque Generis Acta Publica (20 vols., 1704–32) HMC Historical Manuscripts Commission HR Historical Research Oxford DNB Oxford Dictionary of National Biography from the Earliest Times to the Year 2000, ed. H.C.G. Matthew and Brian Harrison (61 vols., Oxford, 2004) PCC Prerogative Court of Canterbury PPC Proceedings and Ordinances of the Privy Council of England, ed. N.H. Nicolas (7 vols., 1834–7) PROME Parliament Rolls of Medieval England, 1275–1504, ed. Chris Given- Wilson et al. (16 vols., Woodbridge, 2005) RO Record Office Rot. Parl. Rotuli Parliamentorum (6 vols., 1767–77) RS Rolls Series