The Federal Bureau of Investigation The Federal Bureau of Investigation History, Powers, and Controversies of the FBI VOLUME 1: A–M Douglas M. Charles and Aaron J. Stockham, Editors Copyright © 2022 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Control Number: 2022902615 ISBN: 978-1-4408-7160-3 (print) 978-1-4408-7162-7 (v. 1) 978-1-4408-7163-4 (v. 2) 978-1-4408-7161-0 (ebook) 26 25 24 23 22 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available as an eBook. ABC-CLIO An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 147 Castilian Drive Santa Barbara, California 93117 www.abc-clio.com This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America Dedicated to the memory of our mentor, the dean of FBI historians, Athan Theoharis (1936–2021) Contents Introduction xix Chronology xxvii Entries African Americans, Surveillance of 1 Alsop, Joseph (1910–1989) 8 Amerasia “Spy Case” 9 America First Committee 10 American Civil Liberties Union 12 American Indian Movement 13 American Legion Contact Program 15 American Protective League 16 American Youth Congress 17 Amos, James E. (1879–1953) 18 Atomic Espionage 20 Attorney General of the United States 23 Badges, FBI 27 Baughman, Frank (1895–1971) 28 Bentley, Elizabeth Terrill (1908–1963) 29 Bielaski, Alexander Bruce (1883–1964) 31 Black Panther Party (1966–1982) 33 Black v. United States 35 Bonaparte, Charles J. (1851–1921) 36 viii Contents Branch Davidians 38 Brasco, Donnie (Joseph D. Pistone, 1939–) 40 Break-ins 41 British Intelligence, FBI and 43 Burns, William John (1861–1932) 46 Campus Police, FBI and 49 Capitol Hill Insurrection 51 Celebrity Criminals of the 1930s 66 Chambers, Whittaker (1901–1961) 71 Christianity, FBI and 73 Church Committee 77 Citizens’ Commission to Investigate the FBI 79 Civil Rights 80 Clegg, Hugh H. (1898–1979) 82 Clinton, Hillary, Email Investigation 84 COINTELPRO–Black Nationalist Hate 87 COINTELPRO–New Left 89 COINTELPRO–White Hate Groups 91 Cold War Espionage 92 Comey, James Brien (1960–) 96 Comintern Apparatus (COMRAP) 101 Communist Control Act of 1954 102 Communist Infiltration (COMINFIL) 103 Communist Party USA 104 Congress, FBI and 107 Congressional Oversight 112 Cook, Fred J. (1911–2003) 113 Cooper, Courtney Ryley (1886–1940) 115 Coplon, Judith (1921–2011) 116 Counterintelligence 117 Counterintelligence Program 122 Contents ix Counterterrorism 124 Crime Records Section/Division 132 Criminal Investigative Division 134 Cummings, Homer (1870–1956) 135 Cybercrime 138 DeLoach, Cartha (1920–2013) 141 Department of Justice 143 Department of Justice Investigative Guidelines 146 Dillinger, John (1903–1934) 148 Director of the FBI 150 Divisions 154 Domestic Terrorism 157 Donovan, William Joseph (1883–1959) 159 Drug Enforcement 161 Dyer Act (Motor Vehicle Theft Act) 163 Economic Espionage 167 Electronic Surveillance 168 Espionage Act of 1917 171 FBI Academy 173 FBI Agents Association 174 FBI Headquarters 175 Federal Employee Loyalty-Security Program 176 Felt, Mark (1913–2008) 178 Field Office 179 Files 180 Financial Crime 185 Finch, Stanley Wellington (1872–1951) 186 Flynn, William J. (1867–1928) 187 Foreign Agents Registration Act 189 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act 191 Fortas, Abe (1910–1982) 192