1 © SociedadEspañoladeMalacología Iberus, 29 (2):1-240 ,2011 The family Tornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the Caribbean and neighboring areas La familia Tornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) en el Caribe y áreas vecinas Federico RUBIO*, Raúl FERNÁNDEZ-GARCÉS** and Emilio ROLÁN*** Recibidoel28.04.2011. Aceptadoel26.09.201 RESUMEN Se estudian las especies del Caribe, incluidas en la familia Tornidae y que comprenden los géneros Circulus, Teinostoma, Tornus, Anticlimax, Aorotrema, Cyclostremiscus, Cochlio- lepis, Episcynia, Parviturboides, Pleuromalaxis, Solariorbis, Vitrinella y Vitrinorbis, sobre la base de unos 2700 ejemplares y conchas examinados. Los taxones estudiados de Torni- dae son 101 en total, siendo 4 del género Circulus, 27 de Teinostoma, 2 de Tornus, 8 de Anticlimax, 2 de Aorotrema, 4 de Cyclostremiscus, 9 de Cochliolepis, de Episcynia, 1 1 1 de Parviturboides, 1 de Pleuromalaxis, 16 de Solariorbis, 15 de Vitrinella y 1 de Vitrinor- bis. De estas especies 23 son nuevas para la ciencia y se describen aquí: 8 en Teinos- toma, 1 en Anticlimax, 3 en Cyclostremiscus, 3 en Cochliolepis, 4 en Solariorbis y 4 en Vitrinella. Se discuten las asignaciones a estos géneros y sus relaciones. Además, se apor- tan datos sobre 40 especies más, relacionadas en algún momento con la familia en estu- dio. Un nuevo nombre se propone para "Cyclostrema" thomasi Pilsbry, 1945, previa- mente ocupado. Teinostoma nessaeum y Teinostoma obtectum son tratados como especies válidas, no sinó- nimos de Teinostoma biscaynense; Cyclostremiscus trilix no es sinónimo de Cyclostremis- cus pentagonus; Cyclostrema thomasi no es sinónimo de Vitrinella filifera. Por el contrario, Teinostoma clavium es aquí considerada como sinónimo de Teinostoma semistriatum. Se designan lectotipos para Teinostoma reclusum, Teinostoma solidum, Parviturboides inte- rruptus, Solariorbis petitii, Episcynia inornatay Cochliolepis parasítica. Se designan neotipos para Teinostoma megastoma, Teinostoma semistriatum y Circulus orbignyi. Algunos tipos de las colecciones Dalí y KJ Bush, todos en USNM, se fotografiaron por pri- mera vez por SEM. Del examen de los tipos de Dall (1927), llegamos a la conclusión de que un número de especies descritas en el mismo no son tornidos y sí skeneidos incluidos en los géneros Cir- sonella, Microy Xyloskenea. ABSTRACT The Caribbean species ¡ncluded within the family Tornidae in the genera Circulus, Teinos- toma, Tornus, Anticlimax, Aorotrema, Cyclostremiscus, Cochliolepis, Episcynia, Parvitur- *PintorRibera, 4-16a 46930QuartdePoblet(Valencia), Spaine-mail: [email protected] , ** Centro deEstudiosAmbientales deCienfuegos (CEAC), División de GestiónAjmbiental (DGA), calle 17, esquinaAve.46,Cienfuegos, Cuba *** Museo de Historia Natural, Campus Universitario Sur, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain e-mail: [email protected] 1 , Iberus, 29 (2), 2011 boides, Pleuromalaxis, Solariorbis, Vitrinello and Vitrinorbis are studied, based on about 2700 specimens and shells examined. There are a total of 101 species, ¡ncluding 4 ¡n the genus Circulus, 27 ¡n Teinostoma, 2 ¡n Tornus, 8 ¡n Anticlimax 2 ¡n Aorotrema, 14 ¡n , Cyclostremiscus, 9 ¡n Cochliolepis, 1 ¡n Episcynia, 1 ¡n Parviturboides, 1 ¡n Pleuromalaxis 16 ¡n Solariorbis, 15 ¡n Vitrinella, and 1 ¡n Vitrinorbis. Of all these species 23 are new and are described here: 8 ¡n Teinostoma, 1 ¡n Anticlimax, 3 ¡n Cyclostremiscus, 3 ¡n Cochliolepis, 4 ¡n Solariorbis, and 4 ¡n Vitrinella. The assignation of these species to these genera and their relationships are discussed. Furthermore, some information is given on 40 species more which have been related at times to the family studied. A new ñame is proposed for "Cydostrema" thomasi Pilsbry, 1945, which is preoccupied. Teinostoma nessaeum and Teinostoma obtectum are treated as valid species, not synonyms of Teinostoma biscaynense; Cyclostremiscus trilix is not a synonym of Cyclostremiscus pen- tagonus; Cydostrema thomasi is not a synonym of Vitrinella filifera. Conversely, Teinos- toma clavium is herein considered a synonym of Teinostoma semistriatum. Lectotypes are here designated for Teinostoma reclusum, Teinostoma solidum, Parvitur- boides interruptus, Solariorbis petitii Episcynia inornata and Cochliolepis parasítica. , Neotypes are designated for Teinostoma megastoma, Teinostoma semistriatum, and Circu- lus orbignyi. Some types from the Dalí and KJ. Bush collections, all in USNM, are photographed for the firsttime using SEM. From the examination of Dall's (1927) types, we concluded that a number of species described therein are not tornids but skeneids included in the genera Cirsonella, Micro and Xyloskenea. INTRODUCTION The "vitrinellids" (Vitrinellidae Moore (1964) stated that no vit- Bush, 1897), here considered synony- rinellids have been found south of mous with Tornidae Sacco, 1896, are Trinidad. YetRíos (1975, 1994) andDíaz prosobranch molluscs generally living Merlano & Puyana Hegedus (1994) in shallow waters oftropical seas. In the mention several species from Brazil and Atlantic only Tornus subcarinatus Colombiarespectively. (Montagu, 1803) and Circulus striatus The supposed "vitrinellid" recorded (Philippi, 1836)liveinthemarinewaters alive in deeper water off the Azores by of Western Europe but there are many Clarke (1962): Teinostoma azorica species known from the shores of West Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896, was Africa (Adam & Knudsen, 1969; Rolán recently shown to be a turbinid. Its & Rubio, 2002; Oliver & Rolán, 2011). radulaisrhipidoglossan, and itsgeneral There is no known case of anfiatlantism characters are coincident with those of inspeciesoftheTornidaefamily. the Skeneinae species of the genera Stimpson (1858) described the first Skenea and Dikoleps (Rubio & Rolán, vitrinellid for the malacological fauna of 2009). Other vitrinellids collected in the SE United States: Cochliolepis para- deep water such as Circulus dalli Bush sítica, which was found alive under the (618 m), found very cióse to the north scales of the giant scaly worm Poly- coast of Little Bahama Bank, have been dontes lupina. Gabb (1873, 1881) considered to be transported downs- described several fossil species from the lope by the currents. Teinostoma Miocene of Santo Domingo and the solidum (Dalí, 1889) was found below Pliocene of Costa Rica. Subsequently the continental shelf. Moore (1964) some of these species have been found mentions seeing specimens with animal living. Circulus liratus (A.E. Verrill, and operculum in natural position, but 1882) was described from north of Cape in his opinión they could not be vit- Hatteras, NorthCarolina rinellids. 2 RUBIO ETAL.: The familyTornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the Caribbean Most of the records of living vit- Vitrinellidae, due their anatomical simi- rinellids are between one and several larity. Fie went on to remark that, in metres deep. Among the living species spite of the fact that some of the species collected by Pilsbry & McGinty (1945a are more conchologically similar to and 1946b) are: Vitrinella helicoidea C.B. those of Tornus, the relationship of Adams, Teinostoma lerema Pilsbry & Cochliolepis with Tornus and Tornidae McGinty, Teinostoma parvicallum isnotcióse. Pilsbry & McGinty, Teinostoma carini- Ponder (1988) in his study on the callus Pilsbry &McGintyandPleuroma- phylogeny of Truncatelloidea (now laxis balesi Pilsbry & McGinty. Other known as Rissooidea), incorporated the species collected alive: Cyclostremiscus available studies (Fretter, 1956; pentagonus (Gabb) in sand-muddy Moore, 1972; Graham, 1982) into his bottom in Mississippi Sound; own, apparently not published, and Cyclostremiscus suppressus (Dalí) on inferred that there was a complex of Thalassia off Matheson Hammock, Bis- tornids-vitrinellids-adeorbids (= cir- cayne Bay, less than 1 meter; Solariorbis culids), as a single family, whichequates mooreana (Vanatta), Solariobis infracari- to Tornidae, but warned that two or nata (Gabb), Cyclostremiscus cubanus more families could be separated from (Pilsbry & Aguayo) and Cyclostremis- this group. This author affirmed thatthe cus pentagonus (Gabb) in sandy bottom Tornidae (included with vitrinellids for and/or muddy-sandy bottom. Circulus this analysis) have some characters in striatus (Philippi), type species of the common, but in their overall anatomy genus, lives on sandy bottoms off the approach the hydrobiids-truncatellids Atlantic coasts of Southern France and and more closely the Iravadiidae and the Iberian Península. The vitrinellids Elachisinidae. supposedly feed on detritus and Bieler & Mikkelsen (1988) studied diatoms. several populations of two western We have scanty information on the Atlantic vitrinellids: Cyclostremiscus soft parts of most of the species of the beauii (P. Fischer, 1897) and Circulus family Tornidae Sacco, 1896; it is a het- texanus (Moore, 1965) giving enough erogeneous assortmentofspecies funda- anatomical and radular data for generic mentally grouped together on the basis differentiation. of some similarity of the shells. The Ponder (1994) described the exter- ignorance of the soft anatomy and the nal and internal morphology of three radula of most of the species described vitrinelliform species from Flong Kong. up to now makes a correct generic and Two of these, Sigaretornus plana and subgeneric placement difficult. The only Circulus mortoni, are placed in the Vit- anatomical studies published on these rinellidae, the other, a new genus and groups correspond to thetype speciesof species, Lantauia taylori, is included in the genera Circulus Jeffreys, 1865 [C. the Iravadiidae. The variation in organ striatus (Philippi, 1836) in Fretter Systems invitrinelliform species and the (1956)], Cochliolepis Stimpson, 1858 [C. generic relationships are discussed, parasítica Stimpson, in Moore, 1972], using the most comprehensive anatomi- Tornus Turton & Kingston, 1830 [T. sub- cal studies then available, provided by carinatus (Montagu, 1803), in Graham, Bieler & Mikkelsen (1988). They 1982]. Also Cyclostremiscus beaui (P. confirm that the anatomy of Sigaretor- Fischer, 1857) and Circulus texanus nus plana and that of Circulus mortoni (Moore, 1965) in Bieler & Mikkelsen are very similar to that of Cyclostremis- (1988). We consider this an insufficient cus beauii, described in detail by Bieler basisforunderstandingthefamily. & Mikkelsen (1988). This shows the Aftera detailed anatomicalexamina- necessity of establishing a profile with tion of living samples of Cochliolepis the most important characters in vit- parasítica, type species of the genus, rinellids and clarifying the relation Moore (1972) placed Cochliolepis in between the type species of Vitrinella 3 Iberus, 29 (2), 2011 and Tornus, as both are the type genera rinellinae groups together the other of the families Vitrinellidae and genera included in the oíd family Vit- Tornidae, due to the controversy on the rinellidae Bush, 1897, herein considered relationships ofbothfamilies. a subfamily. This new classificationwill Authors such as Graham (1982) be employed inthe presentwork. have suggested that few differences As most of the species included in were found between both families and the group under consideration here so, they could be grouped together, have a typical shell form (orbicular to while other authors, like Moore (1965) lenticular), we must point out that and Bieler & Mikkelsen (1988) have some species with similar shells actu- suggested thatboth could be kept sepá- ally belong to other families: for rate. example, the genus Cyclostrema Rubio & Rolán (1998) reported on Marryat, 1818 is inLiotiidae Gray, 1850; the radulae of Pachystremiscus ornatus the genera Ganesa Jeffreys, 1883, (Olsson & McGinty, 1958) and P. pul- Lydiphnis Melvill, 1906, Dillwynella chellus (Olsson & McGinty, 1958) and Dalí, 1889, Molleriopsis Bush, 1897 and placed both species in the genus Lod- Leptogyra Bush, 1897 are in Turbinidae derena (Archaeogastropoda, Skenei- Rafinesque 1815, subfamily Skeneinae dae), considering Pachystremiscus a Clark, 1851; the genus Choristella Bush, synonym ofLodderena. 1897 is in Lepetellidae Dalí, 1881 and The species of tornids and vitrinel- the genus Cycíostremella Bush, 1897 is lids are very similar in soft anatomy in Pyramidelloidea, Odostomiidae and radula as showninRolán & Rubio Pelseneer, 1928. Some of these generic (2002) in their report on the Tornidae of ñames have erroneously been theeastAtlantic. employed for species included in the Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) summa- group studiedhere. rized the state-of-the-art for taxonomy of the Gastropoda, casting new light on the historical evolution of the phylum MATERIALSANDMETHODS Mollusca. Malacologists currently con- sider this classification a "hybrid" of Most of the material studied in the the pre-existing traditional taxonomy present work was acquired from sedi- based on morphological characters and ments obtained by diving or from the more recent far-reaching revisions, dredgings and later separated with a based on the molecular characteristics binocular lens under magnification. of DNA and RNA. Also there are opin- Consequently most of the material is ions about the classification of families composed of empty shells in shell grit; into subfamilies which are often not occasionally a shell with soft parts well resolved, and should be regarded couldbe obtained.An importantpartof as the best possible hypotheses. In our the material studied is from Cuba, to Opinión, the new classification of gas- which area we initially planned to limit tropods drastically changes existing our work; this material was mainly systematics and is an important step obtained from the collections of the forward the gastropod nomenclature. second author in Cienfuegos Bay and In this work, the family Tornidae Sacco, later deposited mostly at the MHNS. 1896 is divided into four subfamilies: For this reason, at the beginning of this Torninae Sacco, 1896; Circulinae Fretter study we only examined Cuban shells. & Graham, 1962; Teinostomatinae Coss- Subsequently we included new mater- mann, 1917; and Vitrinellinae Bush, ial obtained by the third author on 1897. The subfamily Torninae ineludes several trips to Yucatán (México), the genera previously placed in Tornus; Guatemala, Nicaragua, and south and Circulinae only ineludes the genus Cir- west Cuba. Finally, we added other culus; the subfamily Teinostomatinae materials collected by Colin Redfern in only has the genus Teinostoma and Vit- the Bahamas, by Jacques Pelorce in 4 RUBIO ETAL.: The familyTornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the Caribbean several islands of the Caribbean, by MNHN Muséum National d'Histoire some collectors from Itaparica, Brazil, Naturelle, Paris and animportant quantity from the col- MPHMuseo Poey, Havana lection of Harry G. Lee, which consid- NHMUK National History Museum erably amplified the study geographi- United Kingdom, London cally and in terms ofbiodiversity. Some PRI Paleontological Research Institu- shells were lent by Mario Krisberg, and tion, NewYork we studied types and other material in RNHL Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke other private collections and several Historie, Leiden Museums. USNM National Museum of Natural History Washington Abbreviations: YPM Peabody Museum of Natural New History, Yale University, AMNH American Museum of Natural Haven, Connecticut History, NewYork CCR collection of Colin Redfern, Boca ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences of Ratón Philadelphia CEG collectionofE.F. Garcia, Louisiana FLMNH Florida Museum Natural CFG collection of R. Fernández-Garcés, History, Gainesville Cienfuegos IES Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, CFRcollectionofF. Rubio, Valencia Havana CHLcollectionofHarryG. Lee, Florida MCZ Museum of Comparative CJP collection of Pelorce, Le Grau de J. Zoology, Philadelphia Roí MHNS Museo de Historia Natural CMKcollectionofM. Krisberg, Florida "Luis Iglesias", University of San- sp specimenwithsoftparts tiago deCompostela (collE. Rolán) s empty shell MNCN Museo Nacional de Ciencias juvenile j Naturales, Madrid ffragment SYSTEMATICPART Superfamily Rissooidea Gray, 1847 Family Tornidae Sacco, 1896 Subfamily Circulinae Fretter & Graham, 1962 Genus Circulus Jeffreys, 1865 LydiphnisDalí, 1927,pp. 123 CirculusJeffreys, 1865: 315. British Conchology. Vol. VIII. Marine shells comprisingtheremain- ingConchífera, theSolenoconchiaandGasteropoda asfarasLittorina.J. VanVoorst. Plenum Press,NewYorkandLondon,393(+l)pp.,8pls+frontispiece. Typespecies(bymonotypy):TrochusduminyiRequien, 1848(= Valvatastriata Philippi, 1836). Diagnosis "Shell relatively strong, Dall (1927) reassigned to Lydiphnis : depressed;base smooth, rounded, umbili- Melville, 1906 some ofthe species placed cus opened and deep spiral sculpture in Circulus by Bush, but without giving presenton the dorsum and on the periph- anexplanation. ery". Thiele (1929: 63) considered Circulus Remarks Circulushasbeenhabitually as a genus within Cyclostrematidae and : treated as a section or subgenus of a mentions some details in the text about better known genus. Fischer (1887) theradula. places it as a subgenus of Gibbula Risso Fretter (1956) researched the and Bush (1897) as a section of Vitrinella. anatomy of Circulus striatus (Philippi), 5 Iberus, 29 (2), 2011 type species of Circulus, and found populations of both species found in several discrepancies in Thiele in refer- Florida, in burrows in fine sand of the ence to this genus. The radula is tae- stomatopod crustacean Lysiosquilla nioglossate, not rhipidoglossate, and the scabricauda (Lamarck, 1818). The great mm animal is similar in appearance to that of size of Cyclostremiscus beaui (6-8 the Rissoidae. The animal has a pair of máximum diameter) simplified the pallialtentaclesontherightmarginofthe detailed study of its anatomy and mor- mantle, and epipodial tentacles are phologyandatthesametimeallowedthe wanting. The sexes are sepárate, and the authors to confirm Fretter's (1956) malehasapenis. hypothesis that some characters found in Keen (1960) places the genus in Circulus striatus, are in proportion to its Cyclostrematidae, Order Archaeogas- overallsize. tropoda. But the detailed anatomical Ponder (1994: 258) says: "species of work of Fretter (1956) has shown that Circulus can be defined as vitrinellids the animal belongs in Mesogastropoda having a spirally ridged shell with a ciósetothefamilyRissoidae. simple non varicose aperture, a simple Specieshavebeenplacedinthegenus penis and a posteriorly notched foot Circulus in the Caribbean, West Africa lacking a metapodial tentacle. This latter andAustralia. Circulus striatus (Philippi) character is absent in Vitrinella texana hasbeen found on the southeast coast of Moore, a species included in Circulus by Europe and in the Mediterranean. Circu- Bieler&Mikkelsen(1988)". lus liratus (A.E. Verrill, 1882) was found There are seven recent species of Cir- from the east coast ofFlorida up to New culus described from the east coast of EnglandintheUnitedStatesandCirculus USAand the Caribbean: Circulus liratus semisculptus (Olsson & McGinty, 1958) (A.E. Verrill, 1882), Circulus texanus from both coasts ofFlorida and Panama. (Moore, 1965), Circulus semisculptus Several species havebeen described from (Olsson & McGinty, 1958), Circulus the latter región, but apparently they orbignyi (P. Fischer, 1957), Circulus hen- mustbereassignedtoothergenera. dersoni (Dalí, 1927), Circulus margariti- The shells are very similar in their formis (Dalí, 1927) and Circulus translu- general aspect to those of Solariorbis, but cens (Dalí, 1927). In the present work all they lack the strong rib cióse to the thesetaxahavebeenstudied andfigured. A umbilicus. neotype is designated forC. orbignyi a According to Moore (1964) Adeorbis taxon considered by some authors as a orbignyi P. Fischer, 1857, described from nomen dubium, the type materialhaving Cuba, maybe included in this genus, but been lost. Dall (1927) described C. hen- the type in the Laboratoire de Malacolo- dersoni, C. margaritiformis and C. MNHN gieof islostandsoheconsidered translucens, inthe genus Lydiphnis, allof thetaxonanomen dubium. them from deep water dredgings in Bieler & Mikkelsen (1988) give a Georgia and Fernandina. These taxa will complete account of the anatomy and be discussed in the section following the reproductive biology of two species mainrevisióninasmuchaswehavedeter- grouping them in Vitrinellidae: mined that they are not tornids but Cyclostremiscus beaui (P. Fischer, 1857) species in Skeneinae as will be demon- and Circulus texanus (Moore, 1965), from stratedbelow. Circulus semisculptus (Olsson & McGinty, 1958) (Figures 1A-D) Vitrinellasemisculpta Olsson&McGinty, 1958. BulletinsofAmerican Paleontology,39:30-31,pl. 3,figs.2-2b. [Typelocality:BocasIsland,Panama]. Typematerial:HolotyperepresentedinMoore(1964:220,fig.7).DepositedintheANSP(211888). Notexamined. ó RUBIO ETAL.: The familyTornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the Caribbean Figures 1A-D. Circulussemisculptus (Olsson & McGinty, 1958). A-C: shells, 1.9, 1.6, 1.6 mm, RanchoLunaBeach, Cuba; D: protoconch. & Figuras 1A-D. Circulus semisculptus (Olsson McGinty, 1958). A-C: conchas 1,9 1,6, 1,6mm, PlayaRanchoLuna, Cuba;D:protoconcha. LOtuhnearBmeaatcehr,ia2l0-e5x4ammin(eMdH:NCSu)b.aA:n2tsi,gRuaanacnhdoBLaurnbauBdeaa:cAhn,tiCgiueanf:u1egs,onso,r1t0h-2St0.mJoh(nM,H5N-S6)m;(3CsJ.PR).anMcahro- tsR,eienSfiE,quRGear:ca1cnso,doPnBoaiKnhetyae,mBMaoorIngslrnaeonseds,eC,3o.61,m20m.c5,omroanlslusibnatenidadal-lgmawueidbtdohytHtoaonlmitm(hCeeHdbLaa)s.sepsof(tChHeL)r.eeBfa(hCJaPm).asFl:o1ris,daO,lUySmpAu:s1 Description: Shell (Figs. 1A-C) diameter, with 1 Vi spiral whorls rather strong, whorls rounded with where two stages of development are spiral sculpture on the dorsum and easily observable. Its surface is appar- base smooth. Protoconch (Fig. ID) rel- ently smooth although some rough atively large, about 310 |Um máximum parts are present in the terminal 7 Iberus, 29 (2), 2011 portion. A strong varix marks the sep- Panama (Olsson & McGinty, 1958); aration from the teleoconch. Last from South Florida and Panama whorl with 5 spiral cords distributed (Moore, 1964); from South of Florida on the dorsal half of the whorl and Central America (Houbrick, between the suture and the periphery. 1968); from Pórtete, Costa Rica A fine axial striation covers the inter- (Houbrick, 1968; Robinson & spaces between the spiral cords. Base Montoya, 1987); from south Florida rounded, totally smooth except and the western Caribbean (Abbott, growth lines slightly oblique, peris- 1974); from Aruba (de Jong & tome not continuous. Coomans, 1988); from Colombia (Díaz Habitat Moore (1964: 73) suggests Merlano & Puyana Hegedus, 1994); : that the species seems to prefer fromAbaco, Bahamas (Redfern, 2001). shallow water, and all the shells in the In the present work Cuba, Antigua type series were in beach sediments. and Martinique are added. However, several others carne from Remarks Our material matches the between 10 and 54 m deep. figure in Moo: re (1964: 220, fig. 7) and Distribution: It has been recorded the shell photographed by Redfern from Colón island and Bocas island. (2001, fig. 184) fromAbaco, Bahamas. Circulus orbignyi (P. Fischer, 1857) (Figures 2A-D) AdeorbisorbignyiFischer,P. 1857.Journalde Conchyliologie,6: 173. [Typelocality:Cuba]. Circulussp.:InRedfern,2001:43,pl.21,figs. 185. MNHN Typematerial:Theholotypeislost.Neotype(Fig.2A),heredesignated,in (24227). COitehnefrumeagtoesriBaaly,ex2a0mmine(dM:HNCSu)b;a:11s,s,CJiiebnafcuoea,go3s-6Bamy,(3M0HmNS()M;H1NSs.)B;ar1asc.oRa,anocnhboeLaucnha(BMeHaNcSh,);125ms, m m (MHNS);23s.RanchoLunaBeach,10-20 (MHNS);lis.RanchoLunaBeach,45 (MHNS);1s. m PuntaTamarindo, 15 (MHNS). Grenadines: 1 s, Mayreau, 8m, coralline sand with coral, gor- ignonsieedsimaenndtssp(oCJnPg)e.sNi(CcJaPr)a.gTurai:n1ids.aCdaaynodWTitotbiaesg,o1:5Tomba(gMoH,N1S)s,.HPoarsneamSaho:1esr,ePeof,rtToobeblalgoo,dCraiyfts,(C1H5Lm),. Florida.USmA:1s,HallandaleBeach,BrowardCo.,Florida,drift(CHL).Bahamas:1s,GrandBahama Island,0.5 onsand(CHL). Typelocality:Cuba;theneotypeisfromRanchoLunaBeach,Cienfuegos,Cuba. Description: Shell (Figs. 2A-C) lar reticulation. Aperture rounded, a strong, depressed, spire slightly ele- little oblique. Columella slightly vated, composed of 4 !4 whorls with reflected. Under high magnification, spiral sculpture on its dorsal half and faint spiral cordlets can be seen inside fine growth striae on the base. the umbilicus. Umbilicus wide and deep. Protoconch Dimensions: The neotype is 2.5 mm mm (Fig. 2D) of almost 1 3á whorls, and in diameter and 1.7 inheight. about 302 fjm in diameter, with two Animal and radula unknown. stages of development well sepa- Habitat: In Cuba it seems to be a rated; initially smooth, continuing widely distributed species, most shells m with a slightly rough surface and 2-3 were found between 10 and 20 threads on its terminal portion. A deep. strong varix marks the beginning of Distribution The species is known : the teleoconch, which is composed of from Cuba, Bahamas, the Grenadines 2 Vi rounded whorls, smooth on the and Tobago. It is mentioned from Sao base except for growth lines, and 14 Sebastiáo, Sao Paulo, Brazil (Ríos, to 18 spiral cords on the dorsal 2008). It has been recorded from middle on the last whorl. Spaces Abaco, Bahamas (Redfern, 2001) as between cords covered by fine irregu- Circulus sp. 8 RUBIO ETAL.: The familyTornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the Caribbean Figures 2A-D. Circulus orbignyi (P. Fischer, 1857). A: neotype, 2.5 mm (MNHN); B: shell, 2.7 mm, shell, Rancho Luna Beach, Cuba (CFG); C: 2.4 mm, CayoWitties, Nicaragua (MHNS); D: protoconch. Figuras2A-D. Circulus orbignyi (P. Fischer, 1857). A: neotipo, 2,5 mm (MNHN); B: concha, 2,7 mm, concha, Playa Rancho Luna, Cuba (CFG); C: 2,4mm. Cayo Witties, Nicaragua (MHNS); D: protoconcha. Discussion: Fischer (1857) in the (1964: 70-71) treated it as a nomen original description of Adeorbis dubium only because the type was orbignyi said: "It is distinguished not found. This taxon cannot be con- from congeneric species by the regu- sidered as nomen nudum with a larity of the ornamentation consti- good description like the one avail- tuted by a dozen of transversal ribs able. The type, supposedly in the placed at equal distance". Moore MNHN, is considered lost (Virginie 9 1 Iberusy 29 (2), 201 Héros pers. comm.). In our opinión we have designated a neotype in there is no doubt that the description order to maintain nomenclatural of this species corresponds to the stability. shells we have from Cuba (type local- This species can be distin- ity), where it is relatively common. guished from C. semisculptus by For this reason and also because the the great number of spiral cords taxon has been accepted by other tax- and the dense microsculpture onomists (e.g., www.malacolog.org) between them. Circulus liratus (A.E. Verrill, 1882) (Figures 3A-E) Cyclostremiscuspentagonus auct.nonGabb, 1873. Omalaxis lirata A.E.Verrill, 1882. Transactionsofthe ConnecticutAcademyofArts and Sciences 5: 529. In Bush, 1893, pl. 1, fig. 11-12]. [Type locality: USFC sta. 770, offNewport, Rhode Island, 16m]. Typematerial:HolotypeinUSNM(406741).Notexamined. Othermaterialexamined:Florida,USA:1s,AtlanticBeach,DuvalCo.(CHL);4s,30m,35miESt. Augustine,St.JohnsCo.(CHL);2s,53m,75miESt.Augustine,St.JohnsCo.(CHL);4s,16thAve. S,JacksonvilleBeach,DuvalCo. (CHL). Description: After Moore Distribution: East coast of (1964: 74): "Shell depressed, Florida to Rhode Island. Recorded rather thick, whorls rounded, from Newport, Rhode Island inner half of base smooth. Spiral (Verrill, 1882); from off Cape sculpture of about eight to ten Hatteras, North Carolina (Bush, spiral ridges separated by 1897); from Rockaway, New York grooves only slightly wider. and off Lantana, Florida (Moore, Umbilicus wide and deep" Pro- 1964); from St. Lucie Co., Florida . toconch projecting with nearly 2 (Lyons, 1989), from Atlantic 3A smooth whorls, about 530 pm Beach, Jacksonville Beach, Batten in máximum diameter. Teleo- Island and St. Augustine, Florida conch with only 1 Vi whorls, (Lee, 2009). ornamented with 10 spiral cords Remarks: C. liratus is the only distributed between the dorsum species of Circulus from the West and the outer base. The inter- Indies similar in morphological spaces are wider, without axial characters to Circulus striatus sculpture except fine growth (Philippi, 1836) type species of the lines. Base fíat, without sculp- genus. C. liratus has been placed ture. Umbilicus wide, the previ- in the genera Lydiphnis and ous whorls being visible in its Skenea. Circulus liratus differs interior, and delimited by a from C. semisculptus by its pro- strong cord and 2-3 more on its jecting protoconch while C. semi- inner wall. sculptus is almost planispiral. Holotype measures 2.1 mm. Solariorbis mooreana (Vanatta, mm The figured shells are 2.3-2.7 1904) is similar but it has a mm in diameter and about 1.01 in narrow umbilicus and lacks the height. thickening of the umbilical wall, Habitat This species seems to which is typical of the Solariorbis; : be found living in depths of a few also this latter species lacks orna- meters (Moore, 1964). The mentation in the interspaces bathimetry reported in the litera- between cords, and these cords do ture is between 7 and 165 m. not extend to the base. 10