Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics Edited by: Michelle Egan, American University USA, Neill Nugent, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK and William Paterson OBE, University of Aston, UK. Editorial Board: Christopher Hill, Cambridge, UK, Simon Hix, London School of Economics, UK, Mark Pollack, Temple University, USA, Kalypso Nicolaïdis, Oxford UK, Morten Egeberg, University of Oslo, Norway, Amy Verdun, University of Victoria, Canada, Claudio M. Radaelli, University of Exeter, UK, Frank Schimmelfennig, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland Following on the sustained success of the acclaimed European Union Series, which essentially publishes research-based textbooks, Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics publishes cutting edge research-driven monographs. The remit of the series is broadly defined, both in terms of subject and aca- demic discipline. All topics of significance concerning the nature and operation of the European Union potentially fall within the scope of the series. The series is multidisciplinary to reflect the growing importance of the EU as a political, economic and social phenomenon. Titles include: Jens Blom-Hansen THE EU COMITOLOGY SYSTEM IN THEORY AND PRACTICE Keeping an Eye on the Commission? Oriol Costa and Knud Erik Jørgensen (editors) THE INFLUENCE OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE EU When Multilateralism hits Brussels Falk Daviter POLICY FRAMING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Renaud Dehousse (editor) THE ‘COMMUNITY METHOD’ Obstinate or Obsolete? Kenneth Dyson and Angelos Sepos (editors) WHICH EUROPE? The Politics of Differentiated Integration Michelle Egan, Neill Nugent, and William E. Paterson (editors) RESEARCH AGENDAS IN EU STUDIES Stalking the Elephant Theofanis Exadaktylos and Claudio M. Radaelli (editors) RESEARCH DESIGN IN EUROPEAN STUDIES Establishing Causality in Europeanization David J. Galbreath and Joanne McEvoy THE EUROPEAN MINORITY RIGHTS REGIME Towards a Theory of Regime Effectiveness Eva Gross THE EUROPEANIZATION OF NATIONAL FOREIGN POLICY Continuity and Change in European Crisis Management Adrienne Héritier and Martin Rhodes (editors) NEW MODES OF GOVERNANCE IN EUROPE Governing in the Shadow of Hierarchy Wolfram Kaiser, Brigitte Leucht, and Michael Gehler TRANSNATIONAL NETWORKS IN REGIONAL INTEGRATION Governing Europe 1945–83 Robert Kissack PURSUING EFFECTIVE MULTILATERALISM The European Union, International Organizations and the Politics of Decision Making Xymena Kurowska and Fabian Breuer (editors) EXPLAINING THE EU’s COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY Theory in Action Karl-Oskar Lindgren and Thomas Persson PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE IN THE EU Enhancing or Endangering Democracy and Efficiency? Daniel Naurin and Helen Wallace (editors) UNVEILING THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Games Governments Play in Brussels Emmanuelle Schon-Quinlivan REFORMING THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION Roger Scully and Richard Wyn Jones (editors) EUROPE, REGIONS AND EUROPEAN REGIONALISM Mitchell P. Smith (editor) EUROPE AND NATIONAL ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION The EU After the Lisbon Decade Asle Toje AFTER THE POST-COLD WAR The European Union as a Small Power Richard G. Whitman and Stefan Wolff (editors) THE EUROPEAN NEIGHBOURHOOD POLICY IN PERSPECTIVE Context, Implementation and Impact Richard G. Whitman (editor) NORMATIVE POWER EUROPE Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives Sarah Wolff THE MEDITERRANEAN DIMENSION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION’S INTERNAL SECURITY Jan Wouters, Hans Bruyninckx, Sudeshna Basu and Simon Schunz (editors) THE EUROPEAN UNION AND MULTILATERAL GOVERNANCE Assessing EU Participation in United Nations Human Rights and Environmental Fora Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics Series Standing Order ISBN 978–1–4039–9511–7 (hardback) and ISBN 978–1–4039–9512–4 (paperback) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and one of the ISBNs quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, UK. The European Union in Global Security The Politics of Impact Roy H. Ginsberg Professor of Government and Jean Monnet Chair in European Integration Studies Skidmore College Saratoga Springs, NY, USA and Susan E. Penksa Professor of Political Science Westmont College Santa Barbara, CA, USA Palgrave macmillan © Roy H. Ginsberg and Susan E. Penksa © 2012 Foreword © Javier Solana 2012 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2012 978-0-230-24826-7 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2012 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-32047-9 ISBN 978-0-230-36752-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230367524 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 To Kirsten Elizabeth Mishkin —Roy H. Ginsberg In remembrance of my mother Susan Elizabeth (1946–1999) and to my grandmother Rosemary Elizabeth —Susan E. Penksa Contents List of Illustrations ix List of Acronyms x Acknowledgments xiii Foreword xvi Javier Solana Preface xviii Introduction: Review of the Literature 1 Primary sources, reference guides, historical overviews, and general works 2 Theoretical works and case studies 3 Internal aspects 7 External aspects 10 The state of the art 12 References 13 1 CSDP in Context 16 Preview 16 Genesis 17 Early development 21 The relationship of CSDP to EU foreign policy 31 Explaining the start-up of CSDP operations 42 Evaluating the internal and external impact of CSDP operations 50 Review 55 2 The Internal Politics of CSDP Missions 56 Preview 56 Mission catalyst 59 Mission mandate 70 Mission launch 75 Mission evaluation 92 Review 96 vii viii Contents 3 The External Effects of CSDP Missions 98 Preview 98 Functional impact 101 Political impact 108 Societal impact 117 Unintended impact and consequences 124 Temporal impact 130 Mission completion 135 Review 137 4 The Impact on International Security Providers 139 Preview 139 Impact on EU member states 142 Impact on the United Nations 161 Impact on NATO 184 Other international organizations and non-EU member states 211 Review 227 5 CSDP in the EU Foreign Policy System and Beyond 230 Preview 230 Internal effects and institutional learning 232 An instrument in search of a policy and strategy 233 External effects and international learning 236 Review 239 Notes 241 Index 263 Illustrations Figure 1.1 EU decision-making model for foreign affairs and security policy 36 Tables 1.1 CSDP operations by country, date, type, size, and description 32 1.2 Theoretical perspectives by levels of analysis: the case of Georgia 49 2.1 Theoretical perspectives by levels of analysis: the case of Somalia 69 4.1 Participation in military crisis management operations by most frequently contributing member state 146 4.2 Participation in civilian crisis management operations by most frequently contributing member state 148 4.3 Participation in civilian and military crisis management operations by most frequently contributing nonmember state 217 ix Acronyms ABL Administrative Boundary Lines AID Agency for International Development AMISOM African Union Mission in Somalia ANP Afghan National Police ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations AU African Union BiH Bosnia and Herzegovina CAR Central African Republic CCMT Civilian Capability Management Tool CEE Central and Eastern Europe CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy CHOD Chiefs of Defense CIVCOM Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management CMPD Crisis Management Policy Directorate CoC Committee of Contributors CONOPS Concept of Operations COREPER Committee of Permanent Representatives CPCC Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability CRT Civilian Response Team CSDP Common Security and Defense Policy DDR disarmament, demobilization and reintegration DG Directorate-General DRC Democratic Republic of Congo EC European Community ECHO European Community Humanitarian Office ECJ European Court of Justice ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ECSC European Coal and Steel Community EDA European Defense Agency EDF European Development Fund EEAS European External Action Service EEC European Economic Community EGF European Gendarmerie Force EP European Parliament EPC European Political Cooperation ESDC European Security and Defense College x