THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE CULTURE INDUSTRIES This page intentionally left blank The European Union and the Culture Industries Regulation and the Public Interest Edited by DAVID WARD © David Ward 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. David Ward has asserted his moral right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editor of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Gower House Suite 420 Croft Road 101 Cherry Street Aldershot Burlington, VT 05401-4405 Hampshire GU11 3HR USA England Ashgate website: http://www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data The European Union and the culture industries : regulation and the public interest 1. Mass media - Law and legislation - European Union countries 2. Mass media policy - European Union countries 3. Information society - European Union countries 4. Public policy (Law) - European Union countries 5. Public broadcasting - Law and legislation - European Union countries I. Ward, David, 1966- 343.2'4099 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The European Union and the culture industries : regulation and the public interest / edited by David Ward. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-7546-7018-6 1. Mass media--Law and legislation--European Union countries. 2. Mass media policy-- European Union countries. 3. Information society--European Union countries. 4. Public policy (Law)--European Union countries. 5. Public broadcasting--Law and legislation-- European Union countries. I. Ward, David, 1966- KJE6946.E97 2008 343.2409'9--dc22 2007037050 ISBN 978-0-7546-7018-6 Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall. Contents List of Cases and Council Decisions List of Directives and Regulations List of Contributors Acknowledgement Introduction David Ward 1 1 Institutionalizing Soft Governance in the European Information Society Alison Harcourt 7 2 European Film Policies and Competition Law: Hostility or Symbiosis? Anna Herold 33 3 The European Commission’s State Aid Regime and Public Service Broadcasting David Ward 59 4 Media Pluralism and Enlargement: The Limits and Potential for Media Policy Change Beata Klimkiewicz 81 5 The Changing Totems of European Telecommunications Governance: Liberalization, Market Forces and the Importance of the EU Regulatory Package Seamus Simpson 105 6 Back to the Future: New Media, Same Principles? Convergence Regulation Re-visited Monica Ariño and Carles Llorens 125 7 Jurisdiction in the Television without Frontiers Directive Lorna Woods 145 8 Content Ratings Harmonization and the Protection of Minors in the European Information Society Oliver Carsten Füg 165 vi The European Union and the Culture Industries 9 The Quota Quandary: An Assessment of Articles 4–6 of the Television without Frontiers Directive Tarlach McGonagle 187 10 Promises and Pitfalls of the European Copyright Law Harmonization Process Maria Lillà Montagnani and Maurizio Borghi 213 11 The Culture Industries: From the Common Market to a Common Sense Rostam J. Neuwirth 241 Index 259 List of Cases and Council Decisions Altmark Trans and Regierungspräsidium Magdeburg (C-280/00) [2003] ECR I-7747 72–3 Chaîne française d’information internationale. Aid d’Etat, N 54/2005, COM 92005) 1479 final 71–2 Coditel v. Ciné Vog Film (62/79) [1980] ECR 881 216 Comitology Decision (1999/468/EC) 11 Commission Decision on Measures Implemented by Italy For RAI SpA (2004/339/EC) OJ L85/1 63–6 Commission Decision on Measures Implemented by TV2/Denmark (2005/217/EC) [2006] OJ L85/1 74–5 Commission Decision on State Adi Financing of Kinderkanal and Phoenix Specialist Channels (NN70/98) [1999] OJ 238 66–9 Commission Decision on State Aid Financing of a 24 Hour News Channel out of the Licence Fee by the BBC SG (99) D/10201, 1999 69–70 Commission Decision on State Aid Financing of Public Television in Portugal SG(96) D/9555, 1996 63–6 Commission Decision on the Ad Hoc Financing of Dutch Public Service Broadcasters (C2/2004) (ex NN 170/2003) COM(2006) 2084 final 75–6 Commission of the European Communities v. Italian Republic (7-68) [1968] ECR 617 245n3 Commission of the European Communities v. Kingdom of Belgium (C-11/95) [1996] ECR I-4115 250n14 Commission v. UK (C-222/94) [1996] ECR I-4025 158 Criminal Proceedings against Paul Denuit (C-14/96) [1997] ECR I-2785 157 Decision de la Commission relative aux aides d’Etat mise à exécution par la France en faveur de France 2 et de France 3, C(2003) 4497 final 63–6 Deutsche Grammophon v. Metro (78/70) [1971] ECR 487 215–16 Echirolles Distribution SA v. Association du Dauphiné and Others (C-9/99) [2000] ECR I-8207 250 EMI Electrola v. Patricia Im-und Export (341/87) [1980] ECR 79 216, 223 European Commission Decision of 24 May 2004 relating to a proceeding pursuant to Article 82 of the EC Treaty and Article 54 of the EEA Agreement Against Microsoft Corporation (Case COMP/C-3/37.792 - Microsoft) [2007] OJ L32/23 46–7 Factortame and Others (C-221/89) [1991] ECR I-3905 156–7, 158 Ferring (C-53/00) [2001] ECR I-9067 72 viii The European Union and the Culture Industries French Republic v. Commission of the European Communities (C-332/98) [2000] ECR I-4833 250n13 Independent Music Publishers and Labels Association (Impala) v. Commission (T-464/04) ECR [2006] II-2289 50 Joined Cases c-34-36/95 Konsumerntombudsmannen v. De Agostini (Svenska) Forlag AB and Konsumerntombudsmannen v. TV-shop Sverige AB (c-34-36/95) [1997] ECR I-3843 157 Koninklijke Vereeniging ter Bevordering van de Belangen des Boekhandels v. Free Record Shop and Free Record Shop Holding NV (C-39-96) [1997] ECR I-2303 250 Mediakabel BV v. Commissariaat voor de Media (c-89/04) [2005] I- nyr 147–8, 201–2 Modinis Rules Decision 2256/2003/EC OJ L336 I-5 23, 24 Newscorp v. Telepiù [2004] OJ L110/73 49 Preussen Elektra (C-379/98) [2001] ECR I2099 72 Rothmans International BV v. Commission of the European Communities T-188/97 [1999] ECR II-02463 11, 11n9 RTL v. Commissariaat voor de Media, Judgement of 6 August 2003, Case No. 200203476/1 189 Saachi (155/173) [1974] ECR 409-445 61–2 Société internationale de diffusion and d’édition (SIDE) v. Commission of the European Communities (T-49/93) [1995] ECR II-2501 250n13 Société internationale de diffusion and d’édition (SIDE) v. Commission of the European Communities (T-155/98) [2002] ECR II-1179 250n13 Sony/BMG [2005] OJ L62/30 50 TV10 SA v. Commissariaat voor de Media (C-23/93) [1994] ECR I-4795 157, 158, 160 United International Pictures [1989] OJ L226/25 40–3, 52 Van Binsbergen v. Bestuur van de Bedrijfsvereniging voor de Metaalnijverjeid (C-33/74) [1974] ECR 1299 157, 160 Vereniging Veronica Omroep Organisatie v. Commisariaat voor de Media (c-148/91) [1993] ECR I-487 157, 160 Vivendi/Canal+ v. Seagram [2000] OJ C311/3 48–9 VT4 v. Vlaamse Gemeenscap (C-56/96) [1997] ECR I-3143 157, 158, 160 List of Cases and Council Decisions ix Warner Bros and Metronome v. Christiansen (158/86) [1988] ECR 2605 216–17