“While Myanmar may have momentarily receded from the limelight in terms of global attention, this edited book by Ludovica Marchi ensures that observers of Myanmar and the European Union will not lose the necessary understanding of this nation and its relationship and dialogue with the European Union. We are treated to a range of macro foreign policy matters which allow the reader to be both observers and experts in an area where the infl uence of China is also a player of note. This book is the culmination of this admirable work which deserves the heartiest of congratulations.” 13 March 2019 – Professor Bruno Mascitelli, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia “ The recent political development of democratization in Myanmar shows a ‘possibility’ of economic growth and political stability in the nation that would also contribute to strengthening the East Asian region as a whole. Under such circumstance, Dr. Marchi analyses the European Union’s economic, diplomatic and political interests particularly in the Southeast Asian sphere, and envisages its further engagement in order to play EU’s roles as a global competitor in the region. Consequently, it is noteworthy to read the book and extend intellectual horizon beyond the government of Myanmar and the diplomacy of the EU.” 19 March 2019 – Sang-Chul Park, Professor at Graduate School of Knowledge Based Technology and Energy, Korea Polytechnic University, Seoul, Republic of Korea The European Union and Myanmar This book analyses European foreign policy as the activity of the European Union (EU) as a global actor and explores its efforts to raise its visibility in Southeast Asia through its relations with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and Myanmar. Contributors examine the EU’s engagement in a process of dynamic consolidation of its relationship with Asia and the Pacifi c region. They shed light on how interregional relations with ASEAN and interactions with Myanmar can be viewed as a perfect opportunity to promote the EU’s presence in the region. Chapters examine the EU’s efforts to inspire Myanmar to connect with security cooperation and Myanmar’s engagement with the EU to diversify its foreign relations with China. The book also explores the extent to which the EU has failed regarding the Rohingya crisis and whether the EU’s effort to support the peace process in Myanmar has been benefi cial. A timely and important contribution to the growing literature on the EU’s role in the world and its relations with East and Southeast Asia, this book will be of interest to academics in the fi elds of International Relations, European Politics and Foreign Policy, Comparative Regionalism, and East Asian and Southeast Asian Studies. Ludovica Marchi (pen name of Ludovica Marchi Balossi-Restelli) is Visiting Fellow at the Centre for International Studies in the Department of International Relations at the London School of Economics and Political Science, UK. Routledge Contemporary Southeast Asia Series The aim of this series is to publish original, high-quality work by both new and established scholars on all aspects of Southeast Asia. Researching China in Southeast Asia Edited by Ngeow Chow Bing Religious Actors and Conflict Transformation in South East Asia Indonesia and the Philippines Edited by Jürgen Rülend, Christian von Lübke and Marcel M. Baumann Power Interconnection in Southeast Asia Anthony David Owen, Anton Finenko and Jacqueline Tao Southeast Asia and the European Union Non-traditional security crises and cooperation, 2009–2016 Naila Maier-Knapp Securitising Singapore State Power and Global Threats Management S yed Mohammed Ad’ha Aljunied The European Union and Myanmar Interactions via ASEAN Edited by Ludovica Marchi Balossi Restelli F or more information about this series, please visit: w ww.routledge.com/ Routledge-Contemporary-Southeast-Asia-Series/book-series/RCSEA The European Union and Myanmar Interactions via ASEAN Edited by Ludovica Marchi Balossi Restelli First published 2020 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2020 selection and editorial matter, Ludovica Marchi Balossi Restelli; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Ludovica Marchi Balossi Restelli to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Marchi Balossi-Restelli, Ludovica, editor. Title: The European Union and Myanmar : interactions via ASEAN / edited by Ludovica Marchi. Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge contemporary Southeast Asia series Identifiers: LCCN 2019014930 | ISBN 9781138599178 (hardback) | ISBN 9780429485886 (ebook) | ISBN 9780429941306 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Burma—Foreign relations—European Union countries. | European Union countries—Foreign relations—Burma. | Burma— Politics and government—21st century. | European Union countries— Foreign relations—Southeast Asia. | Southeast Asia—Foreign relations—European Union countries. | Interregionalism. | ASEAN. | European Union. Classification: LCC JZ1727.A54 E87 2019 | DDC 341.242/209591—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019014930 ISBN: 978-1-138-59917-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-48588-6 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Apex CoVantage, LLC To my uncle Renzo Confalonieri, Silver Medal for Military Valour, and all those who fell at the age of 20 during World War I Contents List of contributors xi Acknowledgements xiv Introduction 1 LUDOVICA MARCHI 1 The EU’s engagement in the Asia-Pacific region 7 MICHAEL REITERER 2 The EU in the non-European world: the case of ASEAN and Myanmar 26 LUDOVICA MARCHI 3 The EU’s engagement of Myanmar in security cooperation 46 LUDOVICA MARCHI 4 Myanmar broadens its foreign relations: the European Union 61 LUDOVICA MARCHI 5 European and Chinese development cooperation in the context of ASEAN: the case of Myanmar 79 THOMAS HENÖKL AND CHRISTIAN WEBERSIK 6 The Rohingya issue: can the EU contribute to the solution? 96 SOPHIE BOISSEAU DU ROCHER