THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NOVELS INTO FILM T H E E N C Y C L O P E D I A O F NOVELS INTO FILM Second Edition FOREWORD BY ROBERT WISE J C. T OHN IBBETTS J M. W AMES ELSH Additional Research by RODNEY HILL, BRUCE HUTCHINSON, GENE PHILLIPS, et al. The Encyclopedia of Novels into Film, Second Edition Copyright © 2005, 1998 by John C. Tibbetts and James M. Welsh All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tibbetts, John C. The encyclopedia of novels into film / John C. Tibbetts, James M. Welsh; additional research by Rodney Hill. . . [et al.]—2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-5449-5 (hard.: alk. paper) 1. Film adaptations—Catalogs. 2. Film adaptations. I. Welsh, James Michael. II. Title. PN1997.85.T54 2005 791.43'6—dc22 2004003317 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Cathy Rincon Cover design by Nora Wertz Illustrations by John C. Tibbetts Printed in the United States of America VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. This book is dedicated to Dr. Richard Dyer MacCann, a true pioneer in bringing cinema studies to the university curriculum, and to the memory and spirit of Dr. Edward L. Ruhe, who taught us how to think about the narrative potential of the cinema. Contents acknowledgments ix how to use this book xi foreword xiii introduction xv entries A to Z 1 appendix: Scenes from a Hollywood Life: The Novelist as Screenwriter 517 selected bibliography 523 contributors 527 film title index 531 general index 538 Acknowledgments The editors of this volume wish especially to thank the fol- ously assisted in the organization of the KU Film Society) lowing for their invaluable assistance and contributions in and Chuck Sack, friend and collaborator on many film the preparation of this encyclopedia: first and foremost, to projects; Professors Harold Orel, Marilyn Stokstad, editors Hilary Poole and James Chambers of Facts On Charles M. Berg, Jo Anderson, Edward Small, the late File, whose tireless efforts, patience, and consistent good Edward L. Ruhe, and, finally, John Gronbeck-Tedesco, humor helped us over many rough spots. To Jamie War- chairman of the Department of Theater and Film and edi- ren, formerly of Facts On File, who first approved and sup- tor of Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism. Lastly, a ported the project four years ago. To Paul Scaramazza, grateful tip of the hat is in order to Richard Dyer Mac- long-time friend and boon companion, whose painstaking Cann, professor emeritus of the University of Iowa, for- attention to the manuscript enabled us to correct errors merly of the University of Kansas, whose pioneering too numerous to mention. To Joe Yranski, movie devotee efforts on behalf of academic film studies have been and and enthusiast, who unselfishly donated many stills from continue to be an inspiration to us and to many other stu- his extensive private collection. And to the members of the dents and teachers of cinema studies. Literature/Film Association, founded in 1988 by the edi- The photos in this book were originally distributed to tors of Literature/Film Quarterly. This organization’s publicize and/or promote films made or distributed by the annual national conferences, activities, and publications following companies, to whom we gratefully offer have in large measure both inspired this book and brought acknowledgment: Argos/Comei/Pathé/Daiei; Artcraft; it to completion. Thanks are also due to Thomas L. Ersk- Cinema Center Films; Columbia; David O. Selznick; Dino ine of Salisbury State University, who was present at the De Laurentiis Cinematographica S.P.A.; Elmer Enter- inception of this project; to Anne Welsh, for her under- prises; Eon; Epoch, Famous Players-Lasky; Fantasy Films; standing and continued support; and the contributing edi- Films du Carrouse/SEDIF; Filmways; Fox Film Corpora- tors of Literature/Film Quarterly, who participated in the tion; Gainsborough; General Production; Island Alive; writing of many entries. Particular thanks are in order to Landau-Unger; Long Road Productions; Metro; MGM; the four senior research assistants of this book: Father Newdon Company; NSW Film Corporation; Omni Gene D. Phillips, S.J., of Loyola University of Chicago, Zoetrope; Orion; Palomar/Chartoff-Winkler-Pollack; enjoys a continued productive career writing about films Panorama/Nordisk/Danish Film Institute; Picnic Produc- and filmmakers and literary adaptations. Heather Addison, tions; Paramount; Polaris; Prana; RKO; Samuel Goldwyn; Bruce Hutchinson, and Rodney Hill are currently doctoral Saul Zaentz Company; Speva/Ciné Alliance/Filmsonor; candidates in the Theater and Film Department at the SRO; TCF/Rockley. Cacoyannis; Twentieth Century Fox; University of Kansas, Lawrence; their enthusiasm, UFA; United Artists; Universal; Vanadas; Warner Broth- research skills and computer savvy were enormously help- ers; World Entertainment. ful. For many years we have enjoyed the close friendship —John C. Tibbetts,The University of Kansas and continuing support of many friends and colleagues at —James M. Welsh,Salisbury State University the University of Kansas, including Katherine Giele, for- mer director of Student Union Activities (who also gener- ix