The Encyclopedia of ANGELS The Encyclopedia of ANGELS Second Edition Rosemary Ellen Guiley, Ph.D. Foreword by Lisa J. Schwebel, Ph.D. The Encyclopedia of Angels, Second Edition Copyright © 2004 by Visionary Living, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Guiley, Rosemary. The encyclopedia of angels / Rosemary Ellen Guiley; foreword by Lisa Schwebel.—2nd Ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-5023-6 (alk. paper) 1. Angels—Dictionaries. I. Title. BL477.G87 2003 202’.15’03—dc22 2003060147 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322–8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Erika K. Arroyo Cover design by Semadar Megged Printed in the United States of America VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. For Lynne Hertsgaard C ONTENTS f ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix FOREWORD xi AUTHOR’S INTRODUCTION TO THE SECOND EDITION xv AUTHOR’S INTRODUCTION TO THE FIRST EDITION xvii ENTRIES A TO Z 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY 380 INDEX 387 A CKNOWLEDGMENTS f My deepest appreciation goes to Joanne P. Austin, who was instrumental in researching and compiling portions of the first edition of this book. ix