PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 100(2), 1998, pp. 222-233 THE ENCARSIA CUBENSIS SPECIES-GROUP (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE) Gregor'i' a. Evans and Andrew Polaszek (GAE) Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, PO Box 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]); (AP) Inter- national Institute of Entomology, % The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, Lon- don SW7 5BD, U.K. — Abstract. Taxonomic, host, and geographic range information for the six species com- prising the Encarsia cubensis species-group is provided. Three new species, E. aleuroth- rixi, E. hansoni, and E. hamoni, are described from Brazil, Costa Rica, and Florida (USA), respectively. A lectotype is designated for E. nigricephala Dozier. — Resumen. Se informa sobre la taxonomi'a, los hospederos y la distribucion geografica de seis especies que pertenecen al grupo de la especie Encarsia cubensis. Se describe tres nuevas especies, E. aleiirothrixi, E. hansom y E. hamoni recolectadas en Brasil, Costa Rica y Florida (EEUU), respectivamente. Se designa el lectotipo para E. nigricephala Dozier. Key Words: Encarsia, whiteflies, parasitoids, biological control, taxonomy, Nearctic, Neotropical, Bemisia, Aleiirothri.xus. As here defined, the Encarsia cubensis cies having only four tarsomeres on the species-group consists of six species, all of middle tarsus and the presence of an area which parasitize whiteflies in the New around the stigmal vein devoid of setae. World, except for one species (E. nigrice- DeBach and Rose (1981) erected the En- phala Dozier) which apparently was acci- carsia cubensis species-group. Encarsia dently introduced beyond its natural range cubensis and E. quaintancei had previously into Reunion (Mascarene Islands, Indian been included in the 'formosa-group' (= lu- Ocean). Various economically important teola-group) by Viggiani and Mazzone whitefly species are attacked by members (1979). Polaszek et al. (1992) provided tax- of this group. Encarsia nigricephala is one onomic, host and distribution information of the most common parasitoids of the Be- for E. nigricephala and E. quaintancei. misia tabaci species-complex (Aleyrodidae) Schauff et al. (1996) updated host and dis- throughout the New World. Encarsia tribution records for these two species, and quaintancei Howard is a major parasitoidof provided information on E. cubensis. the banded-winged whitefly, Trialeurodes The Encarsia cubensis species-group can abutiloneus (Haldeman), and also attacks be defined using a combination of charac- the Bemisia tabaci species-complex. ters, none of which alone, however, distin- Gahan (1931) first recognized these spe- guishes this group from other species- cies as comprising a distinct group in the groups of Encarsia. For example, species genus Encarsia and characterized it as spe- belonging to the parx'ella- and citrina- VOLUME 100. NUMBER 223 Table 1. Characteristics of the Encarsia ciiheiisis species group compared with those of similar Encarsia species groups. SpeciesGroup X . 224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON tional Museum of Natural History, Smith- (Fig. 8). Male with ovoid gland".lar structure sonian Institution (USNM) in Washington, on Fl and F2. F3 slightly longer than F2 . . . hansoni D.C., U.S.A. Paratypes of E. aleurothrixi - Scutellum yellow, Fl cylindrical. 1.5-1.7X as are deposited in The Natural History Mu- long as wide, F6 not exceptionally elongate, seum, London, U.K. (BMNH), Florida 2.4X as long as wide (Fig. 9), 1 pair of setae State Collection ofArthropods, Gainesville, between cerci of tergite VI. (Fig. 10). Male Rorida, U.S.A (FSCA) and in the G. A. (Fig. 12) with ovoid glandularstructure on F2, F3 shorter than F2 segment (Fig. 11) Evans, personal collection (GAE). Addi- nigricephala tional specimens of E. cubensis and E. ni- 4. ValvulaIIIelongate(Fig.4),0.6x aslongasovi- gricephala are deposited in the Centre de positor, F2 longer than F3 (Fig. 3) cubensis Cooperation Internationale en Recherche - Valvula III 0.4X as long as ovipositor(Fig. 6), Agronomique pour le Developpement, F2 shorter than F3 (Fig. 5) hamoni Montpellier, France (CIRAD). 5. Axillae and posterior halfofmesoscutum yel- low, second pair ofmesoscutal setae proximal Encarsia cubensis Species-Group to anterior pair of setae (Fig. 2). valvula III — with spatulate apical setae, Fl quadrate, 0.5 Diagnosis. Tarsal formula 5-4-5; fore as long as F2 (Fig. 1); male unknown wing moderate to broad in width with large . aleitrolhrixi - Axillae and entire mesoscutum (except mar- asetose area beneath the stigmal vein, lon- gins) dark brown, second pair of mesoscutal gest seta of marginal fringe not longer than setae located approximately halfway between maximum width of fore wing, distance be- anterior and posterior pairs of setae (Fig. 14). tween placoid sensilla on scutellum more valvula III with apical setae slender. Fl cylin- than 2.5X the diameter of one sensillum, drical, 0.75X as long as F2 (Fig. !3). Male with F3 longer than F2 (Fig. 16) and tibia III base of gastral tergite I smooth. brownish qiiaintancei Additional characteristics observed in species of this group include: antennal club Encarsia aleurothrixi Evans and 3-segmented, Fl antennal segment usually Polaszek, new species short, quadrate or nearly so and shorterthan (Figs. 1, 2a. 2b, 17) pedicel, ovipositor short to moderate in — length, subequal to length oftibia II and not Diagnosis. The female of E. aleuroth- exceptionally extruded, mesoscutum with 2 rixi can be distinguished from other Encar- to 3 pairs of setae, males with antennal seg- sia cubensis group species by the unusual ments F5 and F6 fused, F2 (rarely Fl) with spatulate setae located on the apex of val- an ovoid sensory/glandular structure cov- vula III (may be difficult to discern unless ered by a plate (Figs. 11, 15). viewed with phase-contrast microscopy), and by the anterolateral position ofthe sec- Key TO Encarsia cubensis Species-Group ond pair of mesoscutal setae. This species is most similar to E. quaintancei in color- 1 pMleesteolsycuyetlulmoww,iotrhd2arpkairbsroowfnsewtiaet,hgcaesntterralcpoomr-- ation and number of mesoscutal setae, but tion of tergites I and II yellow. (Figs. 4, 6, 8. can be distinguished from the latter species 10 2 which has the second pair of mesoscutal se- — Mesoscutum with 3 pairs ofsetae, gastercom- tae located approximately halfway between pletely dark brown. (Figs. 2, 14) 5 the anterior and posterior pair of setae, the 2. Gaster completely yellow, fore wing almond- Fl antennal segment more elongate, the ax- shaped, pointed at apex (Figs. 19. 21): males known 3 illae dark brown, and slender apical setae - Gaster dark brown with central portion of ter- on valvula III.— gites I and II yellow, fore wing round at apex Description. Female holotype. Colora- (Figs. 18. 20); males unknown 4 tion (Fig. 2): Head dark brown, eyes red, 3. Scutellum dark brown, Fl oblong and quad- rate, F6 elongate. 3.2x as long as wide (Fig. antenna pale, anterior half of mesoscutum, 7), 2 pairs ofsetae between cerci oftergite VI. metanotum and gaster, dark brown; rest of VOLUME NUMBER 100. 2 Figs. 1-8. 1-2 Encarsia aleurothrixi 1, Antenna, female. 2a. Habitus, female. 2b. Valvula III. apex. 3-4. £. ciibensis. 3. Antenna, female. 4. Habitus, female. 5-6. E. hamoni. 5. Antenna, female. 6. Habitus, female. 7-8. E. hansoni. 7a. Antenna, female. 7b. Antenna, male. 8, Habitus, female. mesosoma and legs, yellow; coxa III and wing (Fig. 17) broad, disc 0.9X as long as valvula III infuscate; wings hyaline. Mor- wide, marginal fringe 0.3x width of wing; phology: Antenna] (Fig. I) radicle (R), discal setae uniformily distributed except scape (S), pedicel (P), 3 funicle segments wide bare area along the distal margin of (F1-F3) and 3 club segments (F4-F6) with the fore wing and area surrounding stigmal the following ratios of length to width: R: vein; 6-7 costal, 2-3 basal group, and 2 3.6, S:4.5, P:1.4, Fl:1.0. ¥2:\.l. F3:1.7, F4: submarginal vein setae; marginal vein with 1.5, F5:1.5 and F6:1.8; relative lengths of 5-6 long and stout setae along its anterior segments R-F6 to length of Fl: R:1.8. S: margin, 2 large setae at its base, and 7-8 4.5, P:1.8, Fl:1.0, F2:1.9, F3:2.1, F4:2.1, short setae along its interior. Gastral tergites F5;2.1, and F6:2.4: F1-F6 with the follow- ing number of linear sensilla: F1:0, F2:2, I-V dorsum with reticulate lateral margins, F3:2, F4:2, F5:3, F6:3. Mesoscutum with tergites V and VI with stipules, centrally; narrow, hexagonal sculpture, and 3 pairs of tergites I-VII with 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2. 2 pairs slender setae arranged as in Fig. 1; each of setae, respectively. Venter with 2 pairs of side lobe with 2 setae; each axilla with 1 setae at sternite II, III and IV, respectively; short seta, scutellar seta Scl 0.7X as long ovipositor arising at anterior base of tergite as Sc2; distance between scutellar sensilla IV, as long as tibia of middle leg; valvula 5X the width of one sensillum: endophrag- III slender, 0.5X ovipositor, with 2-3 pairs ma short, reaching halfway to posterior of distal—ly-expanded, apical setae. base of gastral tergite I; tibial spur of mid- Male. Unkn—own. dle leg 0.7X corresponding basitarsus. Fore Distribution. Brazil. — — 1 226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Hosts. Aleiirothrixus aepim (Goldi), to length of Fl: R:1.7, 8:4.7, P:2.0, Fl:1.0, Aleurothrixiisfloccosus—(Maskell). F2:2.0, F3:1.8, F4:2.0, F5:2.2 and F6:2.5; Material examined. Brazil, Aguas de linear sensilla present on flagellar segments Sao Paolo, 24.1.1988, ex. Aleiirorhri.xiis ae- F2-F6. Mesoscutum with broad, hexagonal pim on Manihot esculentiim, F.D. Bennett, sculpture and 2 pairs of short setae; each (Holotype 9 andBM2N$H;paratypes, USNM; 5 axilla with 1 short seta, scutellar seta Scl 9 paratypes, 8 9 paratypes, 0.6X as long as Sc2; distance between scu- FSCA; 8 $ paratypes, GAE); Brazil, Pira- tellar sensilla 5.2X width of one sensillum; cicaba, 27.v.1991, ex. Aleiirothrixus floc- endophragma short, not reaching tergite II; cosus on Citrus sp., F. D. Bennett, (12 2 tibial spur of middle leg 0.8X length ofcor- paratypes. GAE). — responding basitarsus. Fore wing (Fig. 18) Etymology. The species name is de- broad, disc 1.1 X as long as wide, marginal rived from its host, Aleurathrixus. fringe 0.4X width offore wing; discal setae Encarsia cuhensis Gahan uniformily distributed except a wide asetose band along the distal margin of the fore (Figs. 3, 4, 18) wing and asetose area surrounding stigmal Encarsia cubensis Gahan 1931:121. vein; 6-7 costal, 2 basal group, and 2 sub- Trichoporus cubensis: Dozier 1933:92. marginal vein setae; marginal vein with 5- — Types. Three syntype females reared 6 setae along its anterior margin, 2 setae at from Aleurothrixus howardii (= A. flocco- its base, and 7-8 short setae along its in- sus). Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba, received terior. Gastral tergites I-V dorsum with im- from S. C. B—runer, in USNM [examined]. bricate lateral margins, stipules present on Diagnosis. The female of E. cubensis tergites V-VI, centrally; tergites I-VII with can be distinguished from other E. cubensis 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2 pairs ofsetae, respectively. group species (except E. hamoni) by having Venter with a pair of setae at sternites I and 2 pairs of mesoscutal setae and dark brown II; ovipositor arising at level of tergite III, gaster with central portion of tergites I and as long as tibia of middle leg; valvula III, II, yellow. E. cubensis is most similar to E. 0.6X as long as ovipositor — hamoni in coloration and number of meso- Male. Unknown. scutal setae and can be distinguished from Hosts. Aleurothrixus floccosus (Mas- that species by having the F2 longer than kell), *Aleurotr—achelus trachoides (Back). F3 antennal segment, the Fl antennal seg- Distribution. Brazil; Cuba; *Dominican ment very short, 0.5X as long as F2, and Republic; *Guadeloupe; Haiti; Puerto Rico; valvula III 0.6—X as long as the ovipositor. USA: Florida. Description. Female syntype. Colora- — Specimens examined. In addition to tion (Fig. 4): Head, pronotum, mesoscutum syntypes, Dominican Republic, Charco (except lateral margins), axillae (except Azul, 16.1.1995, ex. ?Aleurothrixus sp. on small, basal triangular area), lateral margins oafndmteetragintoetsuImIIa-VnId,gdaasrtkerblrotewrng;itelsateIraalnmdarII-, MGaAnEi)h;otGuaedsecluoluenpteu:m,VerCn.onA,.21.Sevir.r1a99(01, e9x., gins of mesoscutum, side lobes, scutellum, *Aleurotrachelus trachoides, J. Etienne, ( central area of tergites I and II, tergite VII 9, CIRAD); Dom. Dudos, l.ii.l990. J. and legs, yellowish; F6 antennal segment Etienne (19, CIRAD); Puerto Rico: Ave- infuscate; wings hyaline. Morphology: An- cibo, 19.x.1990, Aleurothrixusfloccosus on tennal segments (Fig. 3) with the following Tabebuia glomerata. F. D. Bennett (2 9, length to width ratios: R:3.0, S:5.0, P:1.8, GAE); USA: Florida, Miami, 22.iii.1992, FI:1.0, F2:1.8, F3:1.6, F4:1.8, F5:1.8, and ex. whitefly on Cocos nucifera. F D. Ben- F6:2.3; relative lengths of segments R-F6 nett (19, GAE). — X VOLUME NUMBER 100. 2 Encarsia hamoni Evans and Polaszek, 7-8 short setae along its interior Gastral new species tergites I-V dorsum with reticulate lateral (Figs. 5. 6. 20) margins, tergites V and VI with stipules, Diagnosis.—The female of E. hamoni centrally; tergites I-VII with 0, 1, 1. 1,2. 2, 2 pairs of setae, respectively. Venter with can be distinguished from the other Encar- 2 pairs of setae at sternite II, III and IV, sia ciibensis group species (except E. cub- respectively; ovipositor arising at anterior ensis) by its dark brown gaster with yellow margin oftergite IV, as long as tibia ofmid- cmeenstorsaclutaarleasoetfaet,eragintdesroIuannddedII,ap2expaoirfsthoef dleMalelge;.—valUvnuklanoIIwIns.lender, 0.4X ovipositor fore wing. E. hamoni is most similar to E. — Distribution. U.S.A.: Florida, Georgia; cubensis and can be distinguished from the Mexico. latter species by having valvula III shorter. Hosts. Tetraleitrodes iirsorum (Cock- 0.4X as long as the ovipositor; F2 shorter erell); Bemisia tabaci—species-complex. than F3: and ax—illae completely dark brown. Material examined. U.S.A: Florida, Da- Description. Female holotype. Colora- vie, 24.ii.1994, ex. Tetraleiirodes iirsorum tion (Fig. 6): Head, pronotum, mesoscutum onAnnona glabra, A. B. Hamon, (Holotype (except lateral margins), axillae, lateral 9 and 3 9 paratypes, USNM; 2 $ para- margins of metanotum and gastral tergites types, BMNH; 1 9 paratype, GAE). Addi- I and II, and tergites III-VI. dark brown; tional specimens: USA: Georgia, Tifton, lateral margins of mesoscutum, side lobes, X.1992, Bemisia tabaci species-complex on scutellum, central area of tergites I and II, Gossypium hirsutum. J. Chamberlain, (19, tergite VII and legs, yellow; wings hyaline. GAE); Mexico: Sinaloa, Guasave, Morphology: Antennal segments (Fig. 5) 12.X.1990, B.—Alvarado, (2 9, GAE). with the following ratios oflength to width: Etymology. This species is named in R:1.9, S:4.5. P:1.9, Fl:1.0, F2:1.6, F3:1.9, honor of Avas Hamon for his many years F4:1.5, F5:1.5 and F6:1.8; relative lengths of assistance in the identification of white- of segments R-F6 to length of Fl: R:1.9, fly and scale insect hosts. S:4.5, P:1.9, Fl;1.0, F2:1.6, F3:1.9, F4:1.9, F5:2.0, and F6:2.4; F1-F6 with the follow- Encarsia hansoni Evans and Polaszek, ing number of linear sensilla: F1:0, F2:2, new species F3:2, F4:2, F5:3, F6:3. Mesoscutum with (Figs. 7a, 7b, 8, 19) — broad, hexagonal sculpture and 2 pairs of Diagnosis. The female of E. hansoni slender setae; each side lobe with 2 setae; can be distinguished from the other E. cub- each axilla with 1 seta, scutellar setae Scl ensis group species by having the scutellum 0.7X as long as Sc2; distance between scu- completely dark brown; the Fl antennal tellar sensilla 5X the width of one sensil- segment short and oblong; and the F6 an- lum; endophragma short, reaching almost to tennal segment very elongate, 3.4X as long posterior base ofgastral tergite I; tibial spur as wide. — of middle leg 0.7X corresponding basitar- Description. Female holotype. Colora- sus. Fore wing (Fig. 20) broad, disc 0.9 tion (Fig. 8): Head dark brown, eyes red, as long as wide, marginal fringe 0.3X width antennae pale; mesoscutum (except for lat- of wing; discal setae uniformily distributed eral margins), axillae and scutellum, dark except wide bare area along the distal mar- brown; metanotum, gaster, and legs, yel- gin of the fore wing and the area surround- lowish; wings hyaline. Morphology: Anten- ing stigmal vein; 6-7 costal, 1 basal group, nal segments (Fig. 7a) with the following and 2 submarginal vein setae; marginal vein ratios of length to width: R:4.0, S:5.0, P: with 5-6 long and stout setae along its an- 1.3, Fl:0.8 (ventral margin) and 1.0 (dorsal terior margin, 2 large setae at its base, and margin), F2:1.8, F3:1.9. F4:1.8, F5:2.0 and 228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON F6:3.4; relative lengths of segments R—F6 area; mesosomal sculpturing and setation to length of Fl(ventral margin): R:2.0, S: and fore wing —similar to those of female. 5.6, P:2.6, Fl:1.0, F2:2.0, F3:2.1, F4:2.3, Distri—bution. Costa Rica. F5:2.5, and F6:3.9: F1-F6 with the follow- Host. Unknown. — ing number of linear sensilla: F1:0, F2:l, Material examined. Costa Rica, La Sel- F3:2, F4:3, F5:3, F6:3. Mesoscutum with va, 17.vii.l995, C. Godoy and P. Hanson, broad, hexagonal sculpture and 2 pairs of (Holotype 9, USNM); Costa Rica, 3 km slender setae; each side lobe with 2 setae; south of Puerto Viejo, La Selva, i.l993, pan each axilla with 1 seta, scutellar setae Scl trap, R Hanson—, I d, USNM). 0.9X as long as Sc2; distance between scu- Etymology. This species in named in tellar sensilla 5X the width of one sensil- honor of Paul Hanson, University of Costa lum; endophragma short, reaching anterior Rica. base of tergite II; tibial spur of middle leg 0.9X as long as corresponding basitarsus. Encorsia nigricephala Dozier Fore wing (Fig. 19) almond-shaped, disc (Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, 21) 1.4X as long as wide, marginal fringe 0.5X Encarsia nigricephala Dozier, 1937: 129. width of wing; discal setae uniformily dis- — tributed except for wide asetose band along Type. Lectotype female and two para- the distal margin and large, asetose area lectotype females (here designated) reared surrounding stigmal vein; 5 costal, 2 basal from Bemisia sp. on Euphorbia hyperici- group, and 2 submarginal vein setae; mar- folia, Feb. 26, 1936, Mayaguez, Puerto ginal vein with 5 setae along its anterior Rico, in USN—M. [examined] margin, 2 large setae at its base, and 7-8 Diagnosis. The female of E. nigrice- short setae along its interior. Gastral tergites phala can be distinguished from other E. II-V dorsum with imbricate lateral margins, ciihensis group species by its dark brown tergite VI smooth, tergite VII rugose; ter- head and anterior third to two thirds ofme- gites I-VII with 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2 pairs of soscutum, contrasting with the pale color of setae, respectively. Venter with a pair ofse- the remainder of the body. Males of E. ni- tae at sternite I, II and III, respectively; ovi- gricephala can be distinguished from E. positor arising at level of tergite III, 1.1 X quaintancei males by having 2 pairs of se- as long as tibia of middle leg; valvula III tae on the mesoscutum, the F2 longer than slender, 0.4X length of ovipositor. F3 antennal segment, and the hind tibia yel- — Male. (Specimen collected in a pan trap low. Males of E. nigricephala lack the near the location ofthe holotype female and ovoid sensory/glandular structure on the Fl assumed to be the male ofE. hansoni.) Col- antennal segment which is present in males oration: Body dark brown, lateral margins of E. hansoni.— of mesoscutum, side lobes, base of axillae, Description. Female holotype. Colora- and scutellum, yellow; gaster tergite VII tion: (Fig. 10) Body yellowish with head, light brown; legs and antenna, pale; wings pronotum, and anterior third to two thirds hyaline. Antennal segments (Fig. 7b) with of mesoscutum, dark brown; antenna and the following length to width ratios: R:2.5, legs pale, F6 slightly infuscate; wings hy- S:3.7, P:l.l, Fl:1.0. F2:l.l, F3:1.2, F4:1.6, aline. Morphology: Antennal segments (Fig F5 + F6 (fused):3.6; ratio of each segment 9) with the following ratios of length to to length of Fl: R:1.0, S:2.1, P:1.0, Fl:1.0, width: R:3.4, S:5.6, P:1.5, Fl:2.0, F2:2.4, F2:0.9. F3:l.l. F4:1.4, F5 + F6 (fused):3.4; F3:2.0, F4:1.8, F5:1.7 and F6:2.3: relative F2 with 2 ovoid sensory/glandular struc- lengths of segments R-F6 to length of Fl: tures covered by plate having 2 holes; Fl R:l.l, S:2.8, P:I.l, Fl:I.O, F2:1.2, F3:l.l, with I ovoid sensory/glandular structure; F4:l.l, F5:1.2, and F6:1.5; linear sensilla proximal half of F3 surface with rugose present on F2-F6. Mesoscutum with me- VOLUME NUMBER 100. 2 229 Figs. 9-16. 9-12. Encarsianigricephala. 9.Antenna, female. 10. Habitus, feamle. 1 1. .'\ntenna,male(dorsal/ ventral). 12. Habitus, male. 13-16. E. qiuiniiancei. \?>. Antenna, female. 14. Habitus, female. \5. Antenna, male. 16. Habitus, male. dium to broad hexagonal sculpture and 2 respectively. Venter with a pair of setae at pairs of slender setae; each side lobe with sternite II and III, respectively; ovipositor 2 setae; each axilla with 1 seta, scutellar arising at level of tergite III, 0.9x as long with Scl 0.6X as long as Sc2; distance be- as tibia of middle leg; valvula III slender. tween scutellar sensilla about 6x the width 0.4-0.5X length of ovipositor. — of one sensillum; endophragma short, Male. (Description based upon speci- reaching base of tergite 11; tibial spur of men reared from the Bemisia tahaci spe- middle leg 0.6—0.8X as long as correspond- cies-complex, Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, ing basitarsus. Fore wing (Fig. 21 ) almond- 31.V.90, on Lantana cainaro. F.D. Bennett.) shaped, disc 1.3X as long as wide, marginal Coloration: Body dark brown, lateral mar- fringe 0.5X width of wing; discal setae un- gins of mesoscutum, side lobes, base of ax- iformily distributed except wide asetose illae, and scutellum, yellowish; legs and an- band along the distal margin and large, as- tenna, pale; wings hyaline. Antennal seg- etose area surrounding stigmal vein; 4-5 ments (Fig. 11) with the following length costal, 1 basal group, and 2 submarginal to width ratios: R: 3.0, S:4.1, P:1.3, Fl:0.9, vein setae; marginal vein with 5-6 setae F2:1.6, F3:1.2, F4:1.3, F5 + F6 (fused):3.1 along its anterior margin, 2 setae at its base, ratio of each segment to length of Fl: R and 6-7 short setae along its interior. Gas- 1.4. S:2.8, P:1.2, Fl:1.0, F2:ir8, F3:1.2, F4 tral tergites I-VI dorsum with imbricate lat- 1.3, F5 + F6 (fused):3.2; F2 longer than F3 eral margins, tergite VII rugose; tergites I- and with 2 large, ovoid sensory/glandular VII with 0. 1. 1, 1, 2, 2. 2 pairs of setae. structures covered by plate having 2 holes. 230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Ventral margins offunicle segments F2 and sp., on Coccoloba uvifera, D. Mooney; F3 longer than dorsal margins; mesosomal U.S.A., Maryland, Colesville, 8.xi.l993, sculpturing and setation and fore wing sim- ex. Bemisia argentifolia on Lycopersicon ilar to those of female. — esciilentum. G. A. Evans; U.S.A., Missis- Morphological variation. We have ex- sippi, 1996, Bemisia tabaci species-com- amined hundreds of specimens of this spe- plex on Gossypium hirsiitum, M. Smith; cies from a wide variety ofhosts throughout U.S.A., Florida, Homestead, 5.ii.l991, the New World and have found very little Aleitrodicus dispersus on ornamental tree, morphological variation. The size of the F D. Bennett; U.S.A., Miami, 22.iii.1990, dark brown area on the mesoscutum varies Aleurotrachelns atratus on Cocos nucifera, occasionally. Normally, this area covers ap- F D. Bennett; U.S.A., Florida, Homestead, proximately the anterior half of the mesos- Dialeurodes kirkaldyi on ornamental tree, F. cutum; however, several specimens reared D. Bennett; Puerto Rico: Rio Piedras, from Bemisia argentifolio in Guadeloupe 18.xi.l989, Tetraleurodes acaciae on Ja- and Colombia have the mesoscutum nearly tropa gossypifolia, E D. Bennett. All ofthe entirely dark brown. The posterior margin above specimens deposited in GAE collec- of the scutellum is dark brown in a few tion. Reunion: 1 9, Piton Saint specimens reared from B. tabaci species- Leu,21.v.1990, ex. Trialeurodes vapora- complex in Georgia. rioriim. B. Reynaud (CIRAD). One male specimen, reared from an al- eyrodid species on Sonclnis sp. in Piraci- Encarsia quaintancei Howard caba, Brazil by ED. Bennett, differs from (Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16, 22) E. nigricephaki by having the F2 wider Encarsia quaintancei Howard 1907: 79. than long, subequal in length to the F3 an- Prospultella perspicuipennis Girault 1910: tennal segment, and the last segment of the 234. mid tarsus, dark brown. This specimen may Encarsia perspicuipennis: Viggiani 1986: represent a variation of E. nigricephaki or 71, n. comb., lectotype designated. possibly—a distinct species. Prospoltella perspicuipennis: Polaszek et Hosts. *Aleiirodici(s dispersus Russell, al. 1992: 387, synonymy. *Aleurotrachelus atratus Hempel, Bemisia — argeiuifolia Perring and Bellows. B. tabaci Type. Holotype female reared from Al- (Genn.), *Crenidorsuin sp., *Dialeurodes eyrodes sp. on Polygonum sp., Washington, kirkaldyi (Kotinsky), *Tetraleiirodes aca- D.C., Bladensburg Road, 29.viii.1900, ciae (Quaintance), Trioleiirodes abuiilo- Theo. Pergande, in USNM [examined]. We neiis (Haldeman), T. floridensis (Quaint- consider the identification of the whitefly ance), T. vapor—iorarum (Westwood). host of the holotype specimen as Aleyrodes Distribution. Barbados; Brazil; Colom- sp. to be is erroneous and probably repre- bia; *Ecuador; Grenada; Guadeloupe; sents either Trialeurodes abutilonea or T. *Guatemala; Honduras; Jamaica; Mexico; vaporariorum listed by Mound and Halsey Puerto Rico; USA: Florida, Georgia, 1978) as the whitefly species found on this ( *Maryland, *Mississippi, Texas; Venezuela. host plant in—the United States. Specimens examined repres—enting new Diagnosis. The female of E. quaintan- host or distribution records. Ecuador: cei can be distinguished from other E. cub- Queredo, Bemisia tabaci species-complex ensis group species by having the scutellum on Chamaesyce hirta, 14.vi.1994, P. Stans- bright yellow, contrasting with its dark ly; Guatemala: (sent to Gainesville, Florida brown head, mesoscutum and gaster, the Fl quarantine), 21.x.1991, ex. Bemisia tabaci antennal segment cylindrical, and three species-complex; U.S.A., Florida, Indian pairs ofmesoscutal setae. Males ofthis spe- River Beach, 10.iv.1987, ex. Crenidorsum cies can be distinguished from E. nigrice- VOLUME NUMBER 100, 2 231 Figs. 17-22. Fore wings otEiicursici I'emales. 17. E. citeiirothrt.xi. 18, E. cuheiisis. 19, E. hunsoni. 20. E. hamiini. 21, E. lugrucjihala. 22, E. quainlancei. phala and E. hansoni males by having three tellar setae Scl 0,7x as long as Sc2; dis- pairs of mesoscutal setae, the F2 shorter tance between scutellar sensilla 3X the than the F3 antennal segment, and the hind width ofone sensillum; endophragma short, tibia brownish.— not reaching posterior margin of tergite I: Description. Holotype female. Colora- tibial spur of middle leg 0.75X as long as tion (Fig. 14): head, pronotum, axillae, corresponding basitarsus. Fore wing (Fig. metanotum and gaster, dark brown, scutel- 22) apex rounded, disc 1.3X as long as lum bright lemon yellow, legs and antenna wide, marginal fringe 0.34X width ofwing: yellowish, F6 slightly infuscate; wings hy- discal setae uniformily distributed except aline. Morphology: Antennal segments with wide asetose band along the distal margin the following ratios of length to width: R: and large and large asetose area surround- 3.0, S:6,0, P:1.9, Fl:1.3, F2;1.6, F3:2.2, F4: ing stigmal vein: 5-6 costal, 2-3 basal 1.9, F5:1.7 and F6:2.4; relative lengths of group, and 2 submarginal vein setae; mar- segments R-F6 to length of Fl: R:1.5, S: ginal vein with 5 setae along its anterior 4.2, P:l,7, Fl:1.0, F2:1.3, F3:1.8, F4:1.7, margin, 2 setae at its base, and 6-7 short F5:1.7, and F6:2.3; F1-F6; linear sensilla setae along its interior. Gastral tergites I-VI present on F3-F6. Mesoscutum with nar- dorsum with imbricate lateral margins, ter- row to medium hexagonal sculpture and 3 gite VII rugose: tergites I-VII with 0, 1, 1, pairs of slender setae; each side lobe with 1, 2, 2, 2 pairs of setae, respectively. Venter 3 setae: each axilla with 1 short seta, scu- with a pair of setae at stemite II and III,