This page intentionally left blank The Emergence of Private Authority in Global Governance The emergence of private authority has increasingly become a feature of the post-Cold War world. In The Emergence of Private Authority in GlobalGovernance,leadingscholarsexplorethesources,practices,and implicationsofthiserosionoftheauthorityofthestate.Theyanalyze and compare actors as diverse as financial institutions, multinational corporations,religiousterrorists,mercenariesandorganizedcriminals, andassessthepotentialforreversalofthesituation.Thethemesofthe book relate directly to debates concerning globalization and the role ofinternationallaw,andwillbeofinteresttoscholarsandstudentsof internationalrelations,politics,sociology,andlaw.    isAssistantProfessorofInternationalPolitics attheDepartmentofPoliticalScienceoftheUniversityofIowa.Heisthe authorofNationalCollectiveIdentity:SocialConstructsandInternational Systems(1999).  . isDirectoroftheThomasJ.WatsonInstitute forInternationalStudiesandtheHenryR.LuceProfessorofTransna- tional Organizations at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. His previous publications include State Sovereignty as Social Construct (CambridgeUniversityPress,1996,coeditedwithCynthiaWeber). CAMBRIDGESTUDIESININTERNATIONALRELATIONS:85 The Emergence of Private Authority in Global Governance EditorialBoard SteveSmith(Managingeditor) ThomasBiersteker ChrisBrown PhilCerny JosephGrieco A.J.R.Groom RichardHiggott G.JohnIkenberry CarolineKennedy-Pipe SteveLamy NgaireWoods Cambridge Studies in International Relations is a joint initiative of Cambridge University Press and the British International Studies Association (BISA). The series will include a wide range of material, from undergraduate textbooks and surveys to research-based mono- graphs and collaborative volumes. The aim of the series is to publish thebestnewscholarshipinInternationalStudiesfromEurope,North Americaandtherestoftheworld. CAMBRIDGESTUDIESININTERNATIONALRELATIONS 85 RodneyBruceHallandThomasJ.Biersteker Theemergenceofprivateauthorityinglobalgovernance 84 HeatherRae Stateidentitiesandthehomogenisationofpeoples 83 MajaZehfuss ConstructivisminInternationalRelations Thepoliticsofreality 82 PaulK.HuthandToddAllee Thedemocraticpeaceandterritorialconflictinthe twentiethcentury 81 NetaC.Crawford Argumentandchangeinworldpolitics Ethics,decolonization,andhumanitarianintervention 80 DouglasLemke Regionsofwarandpeace 79 RichardShapcott Justiceandcommunityininternationalrelations 78 PhilSteinberg Thesocialconstructionoftheocean 77 ChristineSylvester FeministInternationalRelations Anunfinishedjourney 76 KennethA.Schultz Democracyandcoercivediplomacy 75 DavidPatrickHoughton USForeignpolicyandtheIranhostagecrisis 74 CeciliaAlbin Justiceandfairnessininternationalnegotiation Serieslistcontinuesafterindex. The Emergence of Private Authority in Global Governance editedby Rodney Bruce Hall UniversityofIowa and Thomas J. Biersteker BrownUniversity,Providence,RhodeIsland           The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom    The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org ©Rodney Bruce Hall and Thomas J. Biersteker 2004 First published in printed format 2002 ISBN 0-511-03924-7 eBook (Adobe Reader) ISBN 0-521-81861-3 hardback ISBN 0-521-52337-0 paperback For our teachers, Hayward R. Alker and Friedrich V. Kratochwil butman,proudman, Drestinalittlebriefauthority, Mostignorantofwhathe’smostassur’d, Hisglassyessence,likeanangryape Playssuchfantastictricksbeforehighheaven Asmaketheangelsweep Shakespeare,MeasureforMeasure,II,ii,117