Political Change in Modern South Asia EDITED BY JOHN GALLAGHER AND ANIL SEAL THE EMERGENCE OF INDIAN NATIONALISM Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2009 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Wed Dec 26 04:58:38 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511563409 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 The Indian Statistical Institute has greatly assisted the research on which the volumes in this series have been based Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2009 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Wed Dec 26 04:58:38 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511563409 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 THE EMERGENCE OF INDIAN NATIONALISM COMPETITION AND COLLABORATION IN THE LATER NINETEENTH CENTURY ANIL SEAL Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1971 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2009 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Wed Dec 26 04:58:38 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511563409 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521062749 © Cambridge University Press 1968 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1968 Reprinted 1970 Paperback edition 1971 Re-issued in this digitally printed version 2007 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number: 68-18344 ISBN 978-0-521-06274-9 hardback ISBN 978-0-521-09652-2 paperback Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2009 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Wed Dec 26 04:58:38 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511563409 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 To my parents Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2009 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Wed Dec 26 04:58:38 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511563409 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2009 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Wed Dec 26 04:58:38 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511563409 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 Contents List of Maps and Tables page ix Preface xiii Abbreviations XV i Political India i 2 The Political Arithmetic of the Presidencies *5 3 The Rewards of Education 114 4 The Policies of the Rulers 5 The Politics of the Associations 194 6 The Politics of Union 245 7 The Muslim Breakaway 298 8 Perspectives 34i Appendices 1 Growth of Education at the Universities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras, 1857-88 355 2 The Employment of Graduates 357 3 Opportunities in the Public Service 361 4 Membership of the British Indian Association 364 5 Growth of the Press in Bengal and Bombay, 1878-88 366 6 Congress Resolutions, 1885-8 373 Glossary 374 Biographical Notes 380 Bibliography 386 Index 404 vii Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2009 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Wed Dec 26 04:58:31 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511563409 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2009 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Wed Dec 26 04:58:31 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511563409 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 Maps and Tables MAPS 1 India: British Provinces and Native States page xvi 2 Bengal 35 3 Collegiate and secondary education in Bengal 58 4 Bombay Presidency (excluding Sind) 65 5 Madras Presidency 94 TABLES 1 Number of educated (university entrance and higher examinations) by province, 1864-85 18 2 The growth of education in Arts colleges in British India, 1870-91 19 3 Growth of education, public and private, in British India, 1881-1901 22 4 Distribution of religions in India, 1881 26 5 Area and population of Bengal, 1881 36 6 Hindus and Muslims in Bengal, by division, 1881 37 7 Brahmins, Baidyas and Kayasths in Bengal, 1881 42 8 Distribution of Brahmins, Kayasths and Baidyas in Bengal Proper, 1881 43 9 Distribution of selected Nabasak and cultivating castes in Bengal Proper, 1881 45 10 Languages in Bengal, 1881 46 11 Muslim education, Bengal, 1883-4 59 12 Caste of Hindu students in all Bengal, 1883-4 61 13 Learning and literacy by caste among male Hindus in Bengal Proper, 1891 61 14 Knowledge of English by caste among literate male Hindus in Bengal Proper, 1891 62 15 Parental income groups of Bengal students, 1883-4 64 16 Bombay Presidency, 1881: area and population 66 17 Languages in Bombay Presidency, 1881 67 18 Distribution of Hindus and Muslims, Bombay Presidency, 1881 67 19 Distribution of Brahmins in Bombay Presidency, by division, 1881 74 20 Distribution of Deshaths and Chitpavans in Bombay Presidency, 1881 75 ix Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2009 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Wed Dec 26 04:58:25 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511563409 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012