Wayne State University Wayne State University Theses 1-1-2014 The Effect Of Organizational Violence Prevention Climate And Workplace Aggression Within Schools: An Investigation Of Burnout Syndrome In Teachers And The Moderating Effect Of Locus Of Control, Communal Orientation, And Violence Prevention Climate Niambi Maia Childress Wayne State University, Follow this and additional works at:http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_theses Part of theOther Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Childress, Niambi Maia, "The Effect Of Organizational Violence Prevention Climate And Workplace Aggression Within Schools: An Investigation Of Burnout Syndrome In Teachers And The Moderating Effect Of Locus Of Control, Communal Orientation, And Violence Prevention Climate" (2014).Wayne State University Theses.Paper 364. This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wayne State University Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL VIOLENCE PREVENTION CLIMATE AND WORKPLACE AGGRESSION WITHIN SCHOOLS: AN INVESTIGATION OF BURNOUT SYNDROME IN TEACHERS AND THE MODERATING EFFECT OF LOCUS OF CONTROL, COMMUNAL ORIENTATION, AND VIOLENCE PREVENTION CLIMATE by NIAMBI MAIA CHILDRESS THESIS Submitted to the Graduate School of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS 2014 MAJOR: PSYCHOLOGY (Industrial/Organizational) Approved By: ______________________________________ Advisor Date DEDICATION The well-known African proverb “it takes a village to raise a child,” is evidenced in my life’s journey through academia. The many influences of teachers, family, and friends that have helped shape me into the critical thinker that I am today are my most cherished possessions. In honor of the “village” that selflessly contributed to my educational endeavors over the past 30 years, I dedicate this Master’s Thesis to them. Specifically, I would like to dedicate this to my parents: Darrillyn and Stanley Childress, two outstanding educators who stopped at nothing to ensure that I understood the importance of learning and embraced the value of education, and were instrumental in my data collection; my brother, Imari Childress- a brilliant mind, who encouraged me to always think beyond the books; my sister, Damali Sahu, who was always an example of success and poise; and the matriarchs of my family, without whom none of this would be possible: Mozelle Jones (may she rest in peace) and Effie Mae Childress. Thank you! ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would also like to formally thank and acknowledge my advisor, Dr. Alyssa McGonagle, for all of her hard work, dedication, and guidance in helping me mold an idea that began in my first semester of graduate school into a study that I am proud of. I could not have accomplished this without her guiding hand! I would also like to thank the other members of my thesis committee, Dr. Boris Baltes and Dr. Lisa Marchiando, for all of their input in this project. Lastly, I must give acknowledgement to the entire I/O faculty at Wayne State University for the tireless dedication they show in being committed to my success. Thank you all! iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication ........................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iii List of Tables .................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ................................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1 Introduction .........................................................................................................1 Burnout ....................................................................................................................5 Workplace Aggression .............................................................................................8 Violence Prevention Climate .................................................................................12 Locus of Control ...................................................................................................17 Communal Orientation...........................................................................................18 Chapter 2 Method ..............................................................................................................21 Participants and Procedure .....................................................................................21 Measures ................................................................................................................24 Statistical Analysis .................................................................................................27 Chapter 3 Results ...............................................................................................................29 Chapter 4 Discussion .........................................................................................................35 Hypothesis 1a .........................................................................................................36 Hypothesis 1b.........................................................................................................38 Hypothesis 2a .........................................................................................................39 Hypothesis 2b.........................................................................................................39 Hypothesis 2c .........................................................................................................42 Hypothesis 3...........................................................................................................44 Hypothesis 4...........................................................................................................46 General Discussion ...............................................................................................48 Limitations ............................................................................................................51 Future Directions ..................................................................................................55 Appendix A: Violence Prevention Climate scale items ....................................................99 Appendix B: Workplace Aggression scale items ............................................................100 Appendix C: LOC scale items ........................................................................................103 Appendix D: Communal Orientation scale items ...........................................................105 iv Appendix E: Burnout scale items ...................................................................................106 References .......................................................................................................................107 Abstract ...........................................................................................................................121 Autobiographical Statement ............................................................................................123 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Participant Demographics ...................................................................................60 Table 2: Study Scale Descriptives ....................................................................................62 Table 3: Variable Zero-Order Correlations .......................................................................63 Table 4a: Hierarchical Regression Analysis Results for Hypothesis 1a and 1b (Type II aggression) ............................................................................................................65 Table 4b: Hierarchical Regression Analysis Results for Hypothesis 1a and 1b (Type III aggression) ............................................................................................................65 Table 4c: Hierarchical Regression Analysis Results for Hypothesis 1a and 1b (Ambient aggression) ............................................................................................................65 Table 5a: Hierarchical Regression Analysis Results for Hypothesis 2a (Type II aggression) ............................................................................................................66 Table 5b: Hierarchical Regression Analysis Results for Hypothesis 2a (Type III aggression) ............................................................................................................67 Table 5c: Hierarchical Regression Analysis Results for Hypothesis 2a (Ambient aggression) ............................................................................................................68 Table 6a: Hierarchical Regression Analysis Results for Hypothesis 2b (Type II aggression) ............................................................................................................69 Table 6b: Hierarchical Regression Analysis Results for Hypothesis 2b (Ambient aggression) ............................................................................................................70 Table 6c: Hierarchical Regression Analysis Results for Hypothesis 2b (Type III aggression) ............................................................................................................71 Table 7a: Hierarchical Regression Analysis Results for Hypothesis 2b (Type II aggression) ............................................................................................................72 Table 7b: Hierarchical Regression Analysis Results for Hypothesis 2b (Type III aggression) ............................................................................................................73 Table 7c: Hierarchical Regression Analysis Results for Hypothesis 2b (Ambient aggression) ............................................................................................................74 vi Table 8a: Hierarchical Regression Analysis Results for Hypothesis 3 (Type II aggression) ............................................................................................................75 Table 8b: Hierarchical Regression Analysis Results for Hypothesis 3 (Type III aggression) ............................................................................................................76 Table 8c: Hierarchical Regression Analysis Results for Hypothesis 3 (Ambient aggression) ............................................................................................................77 Table 9a: Hierarchical Regression Analysis Results for Hypothesis 4 (Type II aggression) ............................................................................................................78 Table 9b: Hierarchical Regression Analysis Results for Hypothesis 4 (Type III aggression) ............................................................................................................79 Table 9c: Hierarchical Regression Analysis Results for Hypothesis 4 (Ambient aggression) ............................................................................................................80 Table 10a: Hierarchical Regression Supplemental Analysis Results for Hypothesis 1a and 1b (Ambient aggression) .......................................................................................81 Table 10b: Hierarchical Regression Supplemental Analysis Results for Hypothesis 1a and 1b (Type II aggression) .........................................................................................81 Table 10c: Hierarchical Regression Supplemental Analysis Results for Hypothesis 1a and 1b (Type III aggression) ........................................................................................82 Table 11a: Hierarchical Regression Supplemental Analysis Results for Hypothesis 2c (Type II aggression) ..............................................................................................82 Table 11b: Hierarchical Regression Supplemental Analysis Results for Hypothesis 2c (Type III aggression) .............................................................................................83 Table 11c: Hierarchical Regression Supplemental Analysis Results for Hypothesis 2c (Type II, all perpetrators in one model) ................................................................84 Table 11d: Hierarchical Regression Supplemental Analysis Results for Hypothesis 2c (Ambient, all perpetrators in one model) ..............................................................85 Table 12a: Hierarchical Regression Supplemental Analysis Results for Hypothesis 3 (Type II aggression) ..............................................................................................86 Table 12b: Hierarchical Regression Supplemental Analysis Results for Hypothesis 3 (Ambient aggression) ............................................................................................86 vii Table 13: Hierarchical Regression Supplemental Analysis Results for Hypothesis 4 (Ambient aggression) ............................................................................................87 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Hypothesized model depicting relationships of workplace aggression with burnout (moderated by VPC dimensions, communal orientation, and LOC)........88 Figure 2: Type II Psychological Aggression and VPC Practices & Response Interaction ............................................................................................................................................89 Figure 3: Ambient Psychological Aggression and VPC Practices & Response Interaction ............................................................................................................................................90 Figure 4: Supplemental Analysis: Type II Psychological Aggression and VPC Pressure for Unsafe Practices Interaction ............................................................................91 Figure 5: Supplemental Analysis: Type III Psychological Aggression and VPC Pressure for Unsafe Practices Interaction ............................................................................92 Figure 6: Supplemental Analysis: Type II Psychological Aggression and VPC Pressure for Unsafe Practices Interaction (all VPC dimensions entered in one model) ......93 Figure 7: Supplemental Analysis: Ambient Psychological Aggression and VPC Pressure for Unsafe Practices Interaction (all VPC dimensions entered in one model) .....94 Figure 8: Supplemental Analysis: Type II Physical Aggression and LOC Interaction ....95 Figure 9: Supplemental Analysis: Ambient Physical Aggression and LOC Interaction ..96 Figure 10: Supplemental Analysis: Ambient Physical Aggression and Communal Orientation Interaction ..........................................................................................97 Figure 11: Supplemental Analysis: Ambient Psychological Aggression and Communal Orientation Interaction ..........................................................................................98 ix