TELEHEALTH AND MOBILE HEALTH THE E-MEDICINE, E-HEALTH, M-HEALTH, TELEMEDICINE, AND TELEHEALTH HANDBOOK VOLUME II TELEHEALTH AND MOBILE HEALTH Edited by Halit Eren John G. Webster Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business MATLAB® is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. and is used with permission. The MathWorks does not warrant the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. This book’s use or discussion of MATLAB® software or related products does not constitute endorsement or sponsorship by The MathWorks of a particular pedagogical approach or particular use of the MATLAB® software. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Preface ..............................................................................................................................................ix Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................xiii Editors .............................................................................................................................................xv Contributors ................................................................................................................................xvii Section I Medical Robotics, Telesurgery, and Image-Guided Surgery 1. Medical Robotics ....................................................................................................................3 Giancarlo Ferrigno, Alessandra Pedrocchi, Elena De Momi, Emilia Ambrosini, and Elisa Beretta 2. Modern Devices for Telesurgery .......................................................................................37 Florian Gosselin 3. Microsurgery Systems .........................................................................................................61 Leonardo S. Mattos, Diego Pardo, Emidio Olivieri, Giacinto Barresi, Jesus Ortiz, Loris Fichera, Nikhil Deshpande, and Veronica Penza 4. Image-Guided Microsurgery .............................................................................................91 Tom Williamson, Marco Caversaccio, Stefan Weber, and Brett Bell Section II Telenursing, Personalized Care, Patient Care, and eEmergency Systems 5. eHealth and Telenursing ...................................................................................................119 Sinclair Wynchank and Nathanael Sabbah 6. mHealth: Intelligent Closed-Loop Solutions for Personalized Healthcare ...........145 Carmen C. Y. Poon and Kevin K. F. Hung 7. Patient Care Sensing and Monitoring Systems ............................................................161 Akihiro Kajiwara and Ryohei Nakamura 8. Mobile Health Sleep Technologies .................................................................................173 Anda Baharav 9. Cardiovascular Disease Management via Electronic Health ....................................187 Aimilia Gastounioti, Spyretta Golemati, Ioannis Andreadis, Vasileios Kolias, and Konstantina S. Nikita 10. mHealth eEmergency Systems .........................................................................................203 Efthyvoulos Kyriacou, Andreas Panayides, and Panayiotis Constantinides v vi Contents Section III Networks and Databases, Informatics, Record Management, Education, and Training 11. Global and Local Health Information, Databases, and Networks ...........................233 Kostas Giokas, Yiannis Makris, Anna Paidi, Marios Prasinos, Dimitra Iliopoulou, and Dimitris Koutsouris 12. Electronic Medical Records: Management and Implementation .............................251 Liping Liu 13. Public Health Informatics in Australia and around the World ................................277 Kathleen Gray and Fernando Martin Sanchez 14. Ubiquitous Personal Health Records for Remote Regions ........................................299 H. Lee Seldon, Jacey-Lynn Minoi, Mahmud Ahsan, and Ali Abdulwahab A. Al-Habsi 15. Education and Training for Supporting General Practitioners in the Use of Clinical Telehealth: A Needs Analysis ..................................................319 Sisira Edirippulige, Nigel R. Armfield, Liam Caffery, and Anthony C. Smith Section IV Business Opportunities, Management and Services, and Web Applications 16. Delivering eHealthcare: Opportunities and Challenges ...........................................331 Deborah A. Helman, Eric J. Addeo, N. Iwan Santoso, David W. Walters, and Guy T. Helman 17. Mobile Healthcare User Interface Design Application Strategies ...........................363 Ann L. Fruhling, Sharmila Raman, and Scott McGrath 18. Epidemic Tracking and Disease Monitoring in Rural Areas: A Case Study in Pakistan ..................................................................................................383 Hammad Qureshi, Arshad Ali, Shamila Keyani, and Atif Mumtaz 19. mHealth and Web Applications ......................................................................................395 Javier Pindter-Medina 20. Investigation and Assessment of Effectiveness of Knowledge Brokering on Web 2.0 in Health Sector in Quebec, Canada ..........................................................417 Moktar Lamari and Saliha Ziam Section V Examples of Integrating Technologies: Virtual Systems, Image Processing, Biokinematics, Measurements, and VLSI 21. Virtual Doctor Systems for Medical Practices ..............................................................435 Hamido Fujita and Enrique Herrera-Viedma Contents vii 22. Synthetic Biometrics in Biomedical Systems ................................................................467 Kenneth Lai, Steven Samoil, Svetlana N. Yanushkevich, and Adrian Stoica 23. Performance Analysis of Transform-Based Medical Image-Compression Methods for Telemedicine ................................................................................................487 Sujitha Juliet and Elijah Blessing Rajsingh 24. Tracking the Position and Orientation of Ultrasound Probe for Image- Guided Surgical Procedures .........................................................................511 Basem F. Yousef 25. Biokinematics for Mobility: Theory, Sensors, and Wireless Measurements .........525 Atila Yilmaz and Tuna Orhanli 26. Biopotentials and Electrophysiology Measurements .................................................555 Nitish V. Thakor 27. Sensor Signal Conditioning for Biomedical Instrumentation ..................................575 Tomas E. Ward 28. Sensor-Based Human Activity Recognition Techniques ...........................................605 Donghai Guan, Weiwei Yuan, and Sungyoung Lee 29. Very Large-Scale Integration Bioinstrumentation Circuit Design and Nanopore Applications ..............................................................................................621 Jungsuk Kim and William B. Dunbar 30. Wireless Electrical Impedance Tomography: LabVIEW-Based Automatic Electrode Switching ...........................................................................................................639 Tushar Kanti Bera Index .............................................................................................................................................667 Preface Introduction The purpose of the Telehealth and Mobile Health handbook is to provide a reference that is both concise and useful for biomedical engineers in universities and medical device industries, scientists, designers, managers, research personnel, and students, as well as healthcare personnel, such as physicians, nurses, and technicians, who use technology over a distance. The handbook covers an extensive range of topics that comprise the sub- ject of distance communication, from sensors on and within the body to electronic medi- cal records. It serves the reference needs of a broad group of users—from advanced high school science students to healthcare and university professionals. Recent development in digital technologies is paving the way for ever-increasing use of information technology and data-driven systems in medical and healthcare practices. Hence, this handbook describes how information and communication technologies, the Internet, wireless technologies and wireless networks, databases, and telemetry permit the transmission of information and control of information both within a medical cen- ter and between medical centers. Recent developments in sensors, wearable computing, and ubiquitous communications have provided medical experts and users with frame- works for gathering physiological data on a real-time basis over extended periods of time. Wearable sensor-based systems can transform the future of healthcare by enabling proac- tive personal health management and unobtrusive monitoring of a patient’s health con- dition. Wireless body area networks permit a comfortable tank top with sensors to use wireless local area networks (e.g., Wi-Fi and Bluetooth) to continuously transmit to other systems such as smartphones, and then from any location, such as home, away from home, on the streets, or a nursing home, to a medical center for analysis of cardiac arrhythmias and ventilation. For example, a simple remotely located base unit can continually collect and locally integrate many incoming signals such as electrocardiography, oxygen satura- tion, heart rate, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and respiration, and provide the information required for detecting any possible emergency cases for the patients. The medical center can then accommodate all complementary and bulky systems, including telemedicine-enabled equipment such as intensive care units, intelligent analyzers, and automatic recorders plus a professionally managed database system supported by a pro- fessional service provider. Today’s technology allows clinical processes to be conducted at a distance; hence, it is an enabler, but in itself, the technology is not telemedicine. Telemedicine can be thought of as the tasks that the clinician carries out (such as observing, consulting, interpreting, and providing opinions), assisted by information and communication technologies, in cir- cumstances where there is distance between the patient and the provider. Put succinctly, modern telemedicine is simply medicine at a distance. This handbook also intends to bridge the gap between scientists, engineers, and medi- cal professionals by creating synergy in the related fields of biomedical engineering, ix