Elyt1・a, 「okyo,27(2):463-469,November13,l999 TheDungBeetleFauna(Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae)of Northeast Thailand YupaHANB00NSONG SerumalCHUNRAM DepartmentofEntomology, DepartmentofAgriculture,Ministryof FacultyofAgriculture, AgricultureandCooperatives, KhonKaenUniversity, Bangkok,19000Thailand, KhonKaen,40002Thailan(i, Su「apIMPASALEE Rowan W.EMBERSON DepartmentofAgriculture,Ministryof DepartmentofEntomologyand AgricultureandCooperatives, AnimalEcology,LincolnUniversity, Bangkok,19000Thailand, Canterbury,NewZealand and Kimio MASUMOT0 InstituteofHumanLivingSciences,0tsumaWomen'sUniversity, Tokyo,102-8357Japan Abstract Alistof thescarabaeinedungbeetlescollected frombothcultivated andforestedareasinNortheastThailandispresented.Altogether154speciesof15genera in7 tribesare recorded.ThegenusOnthop1/agusisthemostdiversegroupinwhich103 specieswerefound.ThegeneraCaccobius,Cassolus,Panehls,P11acosomaandSisyphus aremainlyconfinedtoforestedhabitats,whilethegeneraOmttsandOnltice11usoccurvery commonlyinthedungofdomesticanimals.Theecologicalhabitatofeachdungbeetle speciesfoundisalsorecorded. Introduction The dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) are one of themost beneficial groupsofinsectseverknown.Withfewexceptions,they feedaslarvaeandadultson thedungofvertebrates. Inspiteoftheimportantecologicalandbeneficialrolesofdungbeetles,verylittle isknownaboutthedungbeetlesofThailandascomparedtothoseofotherregions. 0n theworldbasis,classificationanddistributionoftheScarabaeidae,abovethegeneric level, isgenerallybetterknownthanthoseofmostothercomparablesizedgroupsof insects.Worldwidetherearenearly5,000describedspeciesarranged in234genera 464 YupaHANB00NSONGetal and10-12tribes(HANsKI&CAMBEFoRT,1991).Thiswelldevelopedunderstandingof thegroupisnodoubtduetotheireconomicimportanceandthespectacularmorpho- logicalmodificationsofmanyspecies.0fa11theworlds' regional faunas,thatofSouth- eastAsiaisprobablythepoorestknown(HANsKl&KRIKKEN,1991). RecordsofspeciesoccurringinThailandhavebeenincludedinthethreeclassic regional faunas coveringparts ofSoutheast Asia (ARROW, 1931; PAULIAN, 1945; BALTHAsAR,1963a,b,1964).Morerecently,MAsUMoTo(1987,1988,1989a-c, l990, 1991,1992a,b,1995,1996)surveyedthefaunaoftheScarabaeidaeandAphodiidae inNorthwestThailandandSTEBN!cKA(1992)publishedasummary,includingprevious publishedrecords,oftheAphodiidaeknownfromThailand.However,noworkorpub- licationofdungbeetlesfromNortheastThailandhasbeenmadebefore. TheNortheast Region of Thailan usually called Isan, covers approximately 170,000squarekilometersor about 1/3ofthecountry. Most of theareaisahigh plateauwithaheightbetween150-1,000metresabovesea-level. Theboundariesof NortheastareconnectedwiththeLaobordertothenorthandtheeast,withCambodia andtheCentreRegiontothesouth,andwiththelowerregionoftheNorthtothewest. Currently, wehavea fund from the Thailand Biodiversity and Training Pro- grammetoconductaoneyearpilotstudyofthedungbeetle faunaoftheNortheast RegionofThailand.Wehopetobeabletoextendthistoafullsurveyofthe faunaof Thailand. Methods NineteenprovincesintheNortheastRegionweresurveyedinbothcultivatedand forestedareas,NaturalParksandWildlifeSanctuariestosamplethedungbeetlefauna. Samplingwascarriedoutthroughout theyear inseveraldifferentwayssuchashand searchingdirectlyonthedungpads,lighttrapping(onlythedungbeetlesthatarenoc- turnalandpositivelyphototacticwerecaught)andpitfall trapsbaitedwithpigdung, rottenchicken,etc.ForestleaflitterwasalsocollectedandextractedwithBerlesefun- nelstosamplethesmalllitterdwellingspecies. Specimenshavebeensorted intomorphologicalspecies, or recognizabletaxo- nomicunits,byeyeorusingbinocularmagnifiers.Identificationshavethenbeenmade usingreliablyidentifiedmaterialsintheInsectMuseumattheDepartmentofAgricul- tureinBangkok, andMAsuMoTo'scollectioninYokohama.Somespecimenswere identifiedbycomparingwiththetypesandothermaterialspreservedintheNatural History Museum, London,andMuseumNational d'HistoireNature11e,Paris_Others weredetermined from literature. Resultsand Discussion Atotalof154dungbeetlespeciesoftheScarabaeidae,of15generain7tribes, were foundintheNortheastRegion(Tablet).Thiscompareswith137speciesof22 DungBeetleFaunaofNortheastThailand 465 generacollectedbyMAsuMoToinNorthwest Thailand.Mostdungbeetlespeciesare coprophagous,whilea fewspeciessuchasOnthophagustricornlsWIEDEMANN,etc., arenecrophagouswhich feedonanimal carrion,andOnthophagusbonaraeZuNINo, CassolusnudusSHARP,etc., feedonrottingvegetablematters. Richnessofdungbeetlespeciesintheforestedareasisgreaterthaninthelowland orcultivatedareas. Thisispossibly duetoanabundantsupplyof food fromanimal biomassandvegetation in theforestedareaswheretheareasarewellpreservedand protected for faunaland floralhabitats. In contrast with thecultivated areas of the Northeast,thereisaprogressivedecreaseofcultivatedfarmlandsandthedomesticani- malslikecowsandbuffalosaregraduallyreducingnumberandbeingreplacedbyma- chine. Of the18generareportedhere, thegenusOnthophagus,mainly found in the forestedareas,isthemostdiversegroup,ofwhich43specieswereidentifiedandap- proximately 60speciesarestillunknown. Thereare,almost certainly,asubstantial number ofadditiona10nthophagusspecies, inother forestedhabitats of Thailand. Therefore,furtherworkshouldbecarriedout forthisgroup. Thestudyhasalsoshownthatsomedungbeetlegeneraarerestrictedtoonekind ofhabitat,suchgeneraasCatharsius, 0nltisandOnltice11usaredominantinthelow- landorcultivatedareaswhileothergeneralikeCaccobius,Cassolus,Panelus,Phaco- somaandSzs usareconfinedtoforestedhabitats.SincethegeneraOmtfsandOmtz- ce11u.s・occurverycommonly inthedungofdomesticanimalslikecowandbuffalo,the localpeoplein theNortheastusethedungbeetlesasafoodproteinsource.Particu- 1arly, 0nltice11uscinctus(FABRlclUs)isthemost favouriteedibledungbeetlespecies. Inconclusion,thisstudyisthefirstreportofdungbeetles fromtheNortheastof Thailandandthedatawereaccumulatedonly fromoneyearstudy.However,weconfi- dently expect the faunaofNortheast tobesignificantly larger thanthatdocumented here. Withacomprehensivesamplingprogramme,using variousbaitedpitfall traps andlitterextraction, indifferent forestedareas,thenumberofidentifiedspecieswill, wearesure,increasesignificantly. InadditiontotheScarabaeidae,materialoftheAphodiidaeandGeotrupidaeare alsobeingaccumulatedfor futurereference.Wehavematerialofaboutahalfofthe19 species of the Aphodiidaecurrently known fromtheNortheast of Thailand (STEB- N1cKA, l992)andatleastthreespeciesoftheGeotrupidaehavebeencollected. 466 YupaHANB00NSONGe1al. Table t. DungBeetlesfromNortheastThailand Species Foodsources Habitats TribeGymnopleurini Gymnopleurus(P,a'agymnopleut'us) cow,pig,lighttrap cultivatedarea '11elana''iusHAROLD G.(P)rudisSHARP Pl9 cultivatedarea G.(P)slmlatusOLIVIER barkingdeer,pig forestedarea (1.(Garreta)ruficornisMoTscHULsKY cow,pig,lighttrap cultivatedarea TribeSisyphini SfsypMs'namf1MAsUMoT0 Ip9 forestedarea S./0nglpeS(0LIVIER) 'Ip9 forestedarea Sisyphus1sp.indef. 'Ip9 forestedarea TribeCanthonini Panehlsto'lkinenslsPAULIAN wildcat forestedarea P/1acoso,nafa11ac11aetumMAsuMoTo wildcat,jackal forestedarea CassolusnudusSHARP gaur,mushroom forestedarea TribeCoprini Synapsfsbirnlam'ctisGILLET Pl9 forestedarea Synapsis2spp.indet. pig forestedarea He11ocoptlsbucep1/alus(FABRlclUs) cow,buffalo,gaur,banteng cultivated& forestedareas a o'm'IMsBATES elephant forestedarea CatharsiilsbirmanensisLANsBERGE buffalo,cow,elephant,pig cultivatedarea C.JaVamlsLANSBERGE buffalo,cow,gaur,pig,lighttrap cultivatedarea Cmotossus(LINNE) buffa;le,elephant cultivated & forestedareas Cop''isangllsffcor川'sARROW elephant forestedarea C.Ca「1nlCtlSGILLET gaur forestedarea C.CO「pule'1tusGILLET elephant,gaur forestedarea C I「ISSHARP buffalo,elephant cultivated & forestedareas C.laevigatu.s'GILLET cow,samberdeer,elephant,pig,lighttrap cultivated & forestedareas C 'to、l'inSOniWATERHOUSE buffalo,cow,pig,lighttrap cultivatedarea s C.sfMcle HOP pig cultivatedarea C.(Mic''oc〔)pris)、レ'italis1GILLET elephant,gaur,banteng forestedarea C. (M)1eflexus(FABRIclUs) cow,buffalo,pig,gaur,elephant,lighttrap cultivatedarea C.(pa''ace-s)car加copsFELSCHE elephant,pig forestedarea C.(p)pu11CtulatusWIEDEMANN elephant,cow cultivated& forestedareas C.(p)futcicepsFELSCHE elephant forestedarea Copris2spp.indet. elephant forestedarea TribeOnitini OMffs 0''da「fCAMBEFORT efePhant forestedarea 0.excavatusARROW elePhant,9aur forestedarea 0.vil'e'IsLANSBERGE ooWbu lao,P19 cultivatedarea 0川ffs3spp.indef. ccWbu lao,li9h ap cultivatedarea DungBeetleFaunaofNortheastThailand 467 Table t. (Continued) Species Foodsources Habitats TribeOniticeliini D''epanoce''11sst''1atulusPAULIAN COW cultivatedarea Onilice11uscincttls(FABRICIUS) cow,buffalo,gaur cultivatedarea 0.tesseliatusHAROLD cow,buffa;le forestedarea 0.ft''eyiBA_tTHASAR cow,buffa;le cultivatedarea Onitice11ils2spp.indet. cow,buffalo forestedarea 1afongusa 川s(ARROW) elephant,gaur,deer forestedarea Lgagatinus(HOPE) elephant,gaur forestedarea 1/anaeoldes(WESTWOOD) pig forestedarea . L.''/1adatnlstus(FABRICIUS) cow,buffalo,pig cultivatedarea L 1t'identatus(BoUcoMoNT) elephant,gaur forestedarea L.venato1(FABRlclUs) COW forestedarea L.vertagus(FABRICIUS) gaur,pig forestedarea TribeOnthophagini Caccobius(Caccophi11ls) monkey,bird,pig,cow forestedarea llMc0''11sFABRICIUS 011thophagusact'opicttlsBOUCOMONT Pl9 forestedarea 0.piiularitlsLANsBERGE pig forestedarea 0.balthasa''iVsETETKA elephant,wildcat,pig forestedarea 0.bone'aeZUNIN0 pig,rottenpassionfruit forestedarea 0.b''utusARROW pig forestedarea 0.c0'acinus BOUCOMONT pig for tedarea 0.c''ass1co//fsBOUCOMONT monkey for tedarea 0.dapcauensisBoUcoMoNl pig for tedarea 0. ol'pll1ensfsMAsUMoTo pig for tedarea 0.dupe''t1BoUCOMONT monkey for tedarea 0.g,'acif!'pesBoUcoMoNT jackal,wildcat for t area 0.1/asflferLANSBERGE cow,buffalo,gaur,lighttrap,banteng cult1Va9darea 0.JaccobellsBoUcoMoNT cow,pig cult1Va9darea 0./aevlsHAROLD elephant,pig for t area 0. lindaaeMAsUMoTo wildcat,monkey,sliverpheasant for3t area 0.luridipennisBoHEMAN cow,deer,porcupine,pig for t area 0.nlamfiMAsUMOT0 pig for t area 0.naa1'con MASUMOTo pig for t area 0.olientalisHAROLD cow,buffalo,monkey,pig,lighttrap cul-・Va9darea 0.pacjftcusLANSBERGE pig for t area 0.papulatusBoUCOMONT cow,buffalo,pig,lighttrap cu1-・V darea 0.pr()fetalfusHAROLD cow,buffalo,pig,lighttrap cu1u・V d& foe「 ed arS 0.ph,・utsap/1akho'mlsMAsUMOT0 rottenbanana,pig for t area 0. ''udisSHARP pig for t area 0.sa''awakusHAROLD pig for t area 0.taurinusWHITE elephant,wildcat,pig for t area 0.t''agiodesBoUcoMONT cow,buffalo,pig,lighttrap cu1u・V dar 0.t''1tuber(WIEDEMANN) monkey,buffalo,pig cu1-・V dar 0.(Co1obont1/op1/agus) buffalo,banteng,gaur,pig,lighttrap cu1-・V dar t''agus(FABRICIUS) 468 YupaHANB00NSONGetal Table t. (Continued) Species Foodsources Habitats 0.(0iglfoMf1/ophagl's) elephant,cow,buffalo,gaur,banteng cultivatedarea bonasus(FABRIcIUs) 0.(Indac11o・,lus)dolsut/1epensls Pl9 forestedarea MASUMOT0 0.(Mafas1/l'a)angll/fceps elephant,pig forestedarea BOUCOMONT 0.(M)avocettaARROW Pl9 forestedarea 0.(M)'nam'pill'eMsfsARROW pig forestedarea 0.(Mic,-ont1/ophagus) monkey,dog forestedarea falslvlgilansMASUMoT0 0.(.Pataphanaeo'110'p;1us) forestedarea Pl9 eane/ffamlsPAULIAN 0.(pa''ascatono'mls)topaliENDRODI carriontrap forestedarea 0.(p)triCOrnls(WIEDEMANN) cow,pig,deadsnake,lighttrap cultivated & forestedareas 0.(Proagoalerus)'n011hot1'HAROLD cow,buffalo cultivatedarea 0.(So,・,opho,-us)1・ecteco・,nutils buffalo,lighttrap cultivated & LANSBERGE forestedareas 0.(S)sagitta''1us(FABRICIUS) cow,buffalo,banteng,gaur,lighttrap cultivatedarea 0.(S)senlculus(FABRICIUS) cow,buffalo,elephant,banteng,pig, cultivatedarea lighttrap Onthop;tagus60spp.indef pig,cow,buffalo,jackal,lighttrap forestedarea *ThoughthespeciesonthelistismainlyarrangedaccordingtotheBALTHAsARsystem(1963),some changesaregivenasregardssubgenericnamesandspeciesdescribedafterlt. Acknowledgments WewouldliketoacknowledgethegrantreceivedfromtheThailandBiodiversity ResearchandTrainingProgramme.WealsothankDr.AngoonLEwvANlcHintheIn- sectMuseumattheDepartmentofAgriculture,Bangkok, forarrangingaccesstothe collectionofdungbeetlesandusingfacilities.Deepindebtednessshouldbeexpressed toDr.YvesCAMBEFoRT,MuseumNationald'HistoireNature11e,Paris,andMr.Ma1- colmKERLEY, theNatural HistoryMuseum, London, forpermittingus toexamine typesandothermaterials fordetermination. 要 約 Y. HANB00NSONG ' S. CHUNRAM ' S. PIMPAsALEE・ R. W. EMBERsoN・益本仁雄:東北タイの食 糞性コガネムシ相. - 東北タイに分布する食糞性コガネムシ (Scarabaeidae) について, 耕 作された地域と自然林の両方で採集をおこなった. その結果, 合計7族, 15属, 154種がみと められた. そのうち, エンマコガネ属 (0nthophagus) がもっとも種数が多く103種である. コ エンマコガネ属 (Caccobius)およびCassolus,Panelus,P/1acosoma,Sisyphusなどの属はおもに自 DungBeetleFaunaofNortheastThailand 469 然林内に生息し, Onitis属, Omtice11us属などは, 家畜の英にきわめて普通にみられた. 添付し た種名一覧表には, 採集した糞虫が来集した糞の種類および生息地域を併記した. References ARROW,G.J.,1931. Coleoptera,Lamellicornia,partIII,Coprinae. Intile:FaunaofBritishIndia, In- cludingCey1o,1andBu・t,na 428pp.TaylorandFrancis,London. BALTHAsAR,V.,1963. MonographicderScarabaeidaeunciAphodiidaederPalaearktischenundOrientali- schen Region (Coleoptera; Lame11icornia). 1. Scarabaeidae 392 pp., 24 pls. Tschechos1ovakia AkademieWissenschaft,Prag. - l963.Ditto,11.628pp.,16pls. FINcHER,G.T.,1973. Dungbeetlesasbiologicalcontrolagentsforgastrointestinalparasitesoflivestock. J.Parasito1.,59:396-399. HANsKI,1.,&J.KRIKKEN,1991. DungbeetlesintropicalforestsinSouth-EastAsia./nHANsK1,1., &Y. CAMBEFoRT(eds),DungBeetleEcology,179-197.PrincetonUniversityPress,NewJersey. - &Y.CAMBEFORT,1991. Speciesrichness. InHANSKI,1.,&Y.CAMBEFORT(eds),DutlgBeetle Ecology,350-365.PrincetonUniversityPress,NewJersey. MAsUMoTo,K., l987. Coprophagid-beetlesfromNorthwestThailand(I). Ent.Rev.Japan.,Osaka,42: 125-131. 一 1988. Ditto(II). Ibid.,43:135-143. - 1989a. Ditto(III). Ibid.,44:125-131. - 1989b. Coprophagousscarabaeidsrelatedto0,1thophagusorientalis(Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae) fromSoutheastAsia. Elytra,Tot 0,17:175-180. - 1989c. Coprophagid-beetlesf・iomNorthwestThailand(IV). Elf.Rev.Japat1,Osaka,44:87- 96. 一 1990. Ditto(V). Ibid.,45:43-51. - 1991. Ditto(VI). Ibid.,46:27-37. - 1992a. Ditto(VII). 1,bid.,47:35-41. - 1992b. Ditto(Vm). Ibid.,47:115-117. - 1995. Ditto(IX). Ibid.,50:27-37. - 1996. Ditto(X). 11bid.,50:87-94. PAULIAN,R.,1945. ColeopteresScarabeidesdel'Indochine. F◆taunede1'E,1lpi・'eFta1'?ats,3.228pp.&1 map.Larose,Paris. STEBN1cKA,Z.,1992. AphodiinaefromThailand(Coleoptera;Scarabaeidae). Stuttg.Beltr.Natut'k.,(A), (481):1-16.