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The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) Translated by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow A Penn State Electronic Classics Series Publication The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri trans. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is a publication of the Penn- sylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State University nor Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, nor anyone associated with the Pennsylvania State University assumes any responsibility for the material contained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri trans. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, the Pennsylvania State University, Electronic Classics Series, Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, Hazleton, PA 18202 is a Portable Docu- ment File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of litera- ture, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them. Cover Design: Jim Manis Copyright © 2005 The Pennsylvania State University The Pennsylvania State University is an equal opportunity university. Contents INFERNO...................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Inferno: Canto I .............................................................................................................................................................. 7 Inferno: Canto II ........................................................................................................................................................... 11 Inferno: Canto III.......................................................................................................................................................... 14 Inferno: Canto IV ......................................................................................................................................................... 18 Inferno: Canto V ........................................................................................................................................................... 22 Inferno: Canto VI.......................................................................................................................................................... 25 Inferno: Canto VII ........................................................................................................................................................ 28 Inferno: Canto VIII ....................................................................................................................................................... 32 Inferno: Canto IX ......................................................................................................................................................... 35 Inferno: Canto X ........................................................................................................................................................... 39 Inferno: Canto XI ......................................................................................................................................................... 42 Inferno: Canto XII ........................................................................................................................................................ 45 Inferno: Canto XIII ....................................................................................................................................................... 49 Inferno: Canto XIV....................................................................................................................................................... 53 Inferno: Canto XV ........................................................................................................................................................ 56 Inferno: Canto XVI....................................................................................................................................................... 60 Inferno: Canto XVII ..................................................................................................................................................... 63 Inferno: Canto XVIII .................................................................................................................................................... 67 Inferno: Canto XIX....................................................................................................................................................... 70 Inferno: Canto XX ........................................................................................................................................................ 74 Inferno: Canto XXI....................................................................................................................................................... 77 Inferno: Canto XXII ..................................................................................................................................................... 81 Inferno: Canto XXIII .................................................................................................................................................... 85 Inferno: Canto XXIV.................................................................................................................................................... 89 Inferno: Canto XXV ..................................................................................................................................................... 93 Inferno: Canto XXVI.................................................................................................................................................... 97 Inferno: Canto XXVII ................................................................................................................................................ 100 Inferno: Canto XXVIII ............................................................................................................................................... 104 Inferno: Canto XXIX.................................................................................................................................................. 107 Inferno: Canto XXX ................................................................................................................................................... 111 Inferno: Canto XXXI.................................................................................................................................................. 115 Inferno: Canto XXXII ................................................................................................................................................ 119 Inferno: Canto XXXIII ............................................................................................................................................... 122 Inferno: Canto XXXIV ............................................................................................................................................... 126 PURGATORIO ......................................................................................................................................................... 130 Purgatorio: Canto I ..................................................................................................................................................... 130 Purgatorio: Canto II .................................................................................................................................................... 133 Purgatorio: Canto III................................................................................................................................................... 137 Purgatorio: Canto IV .................................................................................................................................................. 141 Purgatorio: Canto V .................................................................................................................................................... 144 Purgatorio: Canto VI .................................................................................................................................................. 148 Purgatorio: Canto VII ................................................................................................................................................. 152 Purgatorio: Canto VIII ................................................................................................................................................ 155 Purgatorio: Canto IX .................................................................................................................................................. 159 Purgatorio: Canto X.................................................................................................................................................... 163 Purgatorio: Canto XI .................................................................................................................................................. 166 Purgatorio: Canto XII ................................................................................................................................................. 170 Purgatorio: Canto XIII................................................................................................................................................ 173 Purgatorio: Canto XIV................................................................................................................................................ 177 Purgatorio: Canto XV ................................................................................................................................................. 181 Purgatorio: Canto XVI................................................................................................................................................ 185 Purgatorio: Canto XVII .............................................................................................................................................. 189 Purgatorio: Canto XVIII ............................................................................................................................................. 193 Purgatorio: Canto XIX................................................................................................................................................ 197 Purgatorio: Canto XX ................................................................................................................................................. 201 Purgatorio: Canto XXI................................................................................................................................................ 205 Purgatorio: Canto XXII .............................................................................................................................................. 208 Purgatorio: Canto XXIII ............................................................................................................................................. 212 Purgatorio: Canto XXIV............................................................................................................................................. 216 Purgatorio: Canto XXV .............................................................................................................................................. 220 Purgatorio: Canto XXVI............................................................................................................................................. 223 Purgatorio: Canto XXVII ........................................................................................................................................... 227 Purgatorio: Canto XXVIII .......................................................................................................................................... 231 Purgatorio: Canto XXIX............................................................................................................................................. 235 Purgatorio: Canto XXX .............................................................................................................................................. 239 Purgatorio: Canto XXXI............................................................................................................................................. 243 Purgatorio: Canto XXXII ........................................................................................................................................... 247 Purgatorio: Canto XXXIII .......................................................................................................................................... 251 PARADISO................................................................................................................................................................ 255 Paradiso: Canto I ........................................................................................................................................................ 255 Paradiso: Canto II ....................................................................................................................................................... 259 Paradiso: Canto III...................................................................................................................................................... 263 Paradiso: Canto IV ..................................................................................................................................................... 266 Paradiso: Canto V ....................................................................................................................................................... 270 Paradiso: Canto VI...................................................................................................................................................... 273 Paradiso: Canto VII .................................................................................................................................................... 277 Paradiso: Canto VIII ................................................................................................................................................... 281 Paradiso: Canto IX ..................................................................................................................................................... 285 Paradiso: Canto X ....................................................................................................................................................... 288 Paradiso: Canto XI ..................................................................................................................................................... 292 Paradiso: Canto XII .................................................................................................................................................... 296 Paradiso: Canto XIII ................................................................................................................................................... 300 Paradiso: Canto XIV................................................................................................................................................... 303 Paradiso: Canto XV .................................................................................................................................................... 307 Paradiso: Canto XVI................................................................................................................................................... 311 Paradiso: Canto XVII ................................................................................................................................................. 315 Paradiso: Canto XVIII ................................................................................................................................................ 318 Paradiso: Canto XIX................................................................................................................................................... 322 Paradiso: Canto XX .................................................................................................................................................... 326 Paradiso: Canto XXI................................................................................................................................................... 330 Paradiso: Canto XXII ................................................................................................................................................. 333 Paradiso: Canto XXIII ................................................................................................................................................ 337 Paradiso: Canto XXIV................................................................................................................................................ 341 Paradiso: Canto XXV ................................................................................................................................................. 345 Paradiso: Canto XXVI................................................................................................................................................ 348 Paradiso: Canto XXVII .............................................................................................................................................. 352 Paradiso: Canto XXVIII ............................................................................................................................................. 356 Paradiso: Canto XXIX................................................................................................................................................ 359 Paradiso: Canto XXX ................................................................................................................................................. 363 Paradiso: Canto XXXI................................................................................................................................................ 367 Paradiso: Canto XXXII .............................................................................................................................................. 371 Paradiso: Canto XXXIII ............................................................................................................................................. 375 APPENDIX................................................................................................................................................................ 379 Index of First Lines .................................................................................................................................................. 382 7 Dante The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) TRANSLATED BY HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW (1807-1882) Incipit Comoedia Dantis Alagherii, Florentini natione, non moribus. INFERNO IIIIInferno: Canto I nferno: Canto I nferno: Canto I nferno: Canto I nferno: Canto I Midway upon the journey of our life I found myself within a forest dark, For the straightforward pathway had been lost. Ah me! how hard a thing it is to say What was this forest savage, rough, and stern, Which in the very thought renews the fear. So bitter is it, death is little more; But of the good to treat, which there I found, Speak will I of the other things I saw there. I cannot well repeat how there I entered, So full was I of slumber at the moment In which I had abandoned the true way. But after I had reached a mountain’s foot, At that point where the valley terminated, Which had with consternation pierced my heart, 8 Longfellow Upward I looked, and I beheld its shoulders, Vested already with that planet’s rays Which leadeth others right by every road. Then was the fear a little quieted That in my heart’s lake had endured throughout The night, which I had passed so piteously. And even as he, who, with distressful breath, Forth issued from the sea upon the shore, Turns to the water perilous and gazes; So did my soul, that still was fleeing onward, Turn itself back to re-behold the pass Which never yet a living person left. After my weary body I had rested, The way resumed I on the desert slope, So that the firm foot ever was the lower. And lo! almost where the ascent began, A panther light and swift exceedingly, Which with a spotted skin was covered o’er! And never moved she from before my face, Nay, rather did impede so much my way, That many times I to return had turned. The time was the beginning of the morning, And up the sun was mounting with those stars That with him were, what time the Love Divine At first in motion set those beauteous things; So were to me occasion of good hope, The variegated skin of that wild beast, The hour of time, and the delicious season; But not so much, that did not give me fear A lion’s aspect which appeared to me. He seemed as if against me he were coming With head uplifted, and with ravenous hunger, So that it seemed the air was afraid of him; And a she-wolf, that with all hungerings Seemed to be laden in her meagreness, And many folk has caused to live forlorn! She brought upon me so much heaviness, With the affright that from her aspect came, That I the hope relinquished of the height. And as he is who willingly acquires, And the time comes that causes him to lose, Who weeps in all his thoughts and is despondent, 9 Dante E’en such made me that beast withouten peace, Which, coming on against me by degrees Thrust me back thither where the sun is silent. While I was rushing downward to the lowland, Before mine eyes did one present himself, Who seemed from long-continued silence hoarse. When I beheld him in the desert vast, “Have pity on me,” unto him I cried, “Whiche’er thou art, or shade or real man!” He answered me: “Not man; man once I was, And both my parents were of Lombardy, And Mantuans by country both of them. ‘Sub Julio’ was I born, though it was late, And lived at Rome under the good Augustus, During the time of false and lying gods. A poet was I, and I sang that just Son of Anchises, who came forth from Troy, After that Ilion the superb was burned. But thou, why goest thou back to such annoyance? Why climb’st thou not the Mount Delectable, Which is the source and cause of every joy?” “Now, art thou that Virgilius and that fountain Which spreads abroad so wide a river of speech?” I made response to him with bashful forehead. “O, of the other poets honour and light, Avail me the long study and great love That have impelled me to explore thy volume! Thou art my master, and my author thou, Thou art alone the one from whom I took The beautiful style that has done honour to me. Behold the beast, for which I have turned back; Do thou protect me from her, famous Sage, For she doth make my veins and pulses tremble.” “Thee it behoves to take another road,” Responded he, when he beheld me weeping, “If from this savage place thou wouldst escape; Because this beast, at which thou criest out, Suffers not any one to pass her way, But so doth harass him, that she destroys him; And has a nature so malign and ruthless, That never doth she glut her greedy will, And after food is hungrier than before. 10 Longfellow Many the animals with whom she weds, And more they shall be still, until the Greyhound Comes, who shall make her perish in her pain. He shall not feed on either earth or pelf, But upon wisdom, and on love and virtue; ‘Twixt Feltro and Feltro shall his nation be; Of that low Italy shall he be the saviour, On whose account the maid Camilla died, Euryalus, Turnus, Nisus, of their wounds; Through every city shall he hunt her down, Until he shall have driven her back to Hell, There from whence envy first did let her loose. Therefore I think and judge it for thy best Thou follow me, and I will be thy guide, And lead thee hence through the eternal place, Where thou shalt hear the desperate lamentations, Shalt see the ancient spirits disconsolate, Who cry out each one for the second death; And thou shalt see those who contented are Within the fire, because they hope to come, Whene’er it may be, to the blessed people; To whom, then, if thou wishest to ascend, A soul shall be for that than I more worthy; With her at my departure I will leave thee; Because that Emperor, who reigns above, In that I was rebellious to his law, Wills that through me none come into his city. He governs everywhere, and there he reigns; There is his city and his lofty throne; O happy he whom thereto he elects!” And I to him: “Poet, I thee entreat, By that same God whom thou didst never know, So that I may escape this woe and worse, Thou wouldst conduct me there where thou hast said, That I may see the portal of Saint Peter, And those thou makest so disconsolate.” Then he moved on, and I behind him followed. 11 Dante IIIIInferno: Canto II nferno: Canto II nferno: Canto II nferno: Canto II nferno: Canto II Day was departing, and the embrowned air Released the animals that are on earth From their fatigues; and I the only one Made myself ready to sustain the war, Both of the way and likewise of the woe, Which memory that errs not shall retrace. O Muses, O high genius, now assist me! O memory, that didst write down what I saw, Here thy nobility shall be manifest! And I began: “Poet, who guidest me, Regard my manhood, if it be sufficient, Ere to the arduous pass thou dost confide me. Thou sayest, that of Silvius the parent, While yet corruptible, unto the world Immortal went, and was there bodily. But if the adversary of all evil Was courteous, thinking of the high effect That issue would from him, and who, and what, To men of intellect unmeet it seems not; For he was of great Rome, and of her empire In the empyreal heaven as father chosen; The which and what, wishing to speak the truth, Were stablished as the holy place, wherein Sits the successor of the greatest Peter. Upon this journey, whence thou givest him vaunt, Things did he hear, which the occasion were Both of his victory and the papal mantle. Thither went afterwards the Chosen Vessel, To bring back comfort thence unto that Faith, Which of salvation’s way is the beginning. But I, why thither come, or who concedes it? I not Aeneas am, I am not Paul, Nor I, nor others, think me worthy of it. Therefore, if I resign myself to come, I fear the coming may be ill-advised; Thou’rt wise, and knowest better than I speak.” And as he is, who unwills what he willed, And by new thoughts doth his intention change, So that from his design he quite withdraws, 12 Longfellow Such I became, upon that dark hillside, Because, in thinking, I consumed the emprise, Which was so very prompt in the beginning. “If I have well thy language understood,” Replied that shade of the Magnanimous, “Thy soul attainted is with cowardice, Which many times a man encumbers so, It turns him back from honoured enterprise, As false sight doth a beast, when he is shy. That thou mayst free thee from this apprehension, I’ll tell thee why I came, and what I heard At the first moment when I grieved for thee. Among those was I who are in suspense, And a fair, saintly Lady called to me In such wise, I besought her to command me. Her eyes where shining brighter than the Star; And she began to say, gentle and low, With voice angelical, in her own language: ‘O spirit courteous of Mantua, Of whom the fame still in the world endures, And shall endure, long-lasting as the world; A friend of mine, and not the friend of fortune, Upon the desert slope is so impeded Upon his way, that he has turned through terror, And may, I fear, already be so lost, That I too late have risen to his succour, From that which I have heard of him in Heaven. Bestir thee now, and with thy speech ornate, And with what needful is for his release, Assist him so, that I may be consoled. Beatrice am I, who do bid thee go; I come from there, where I would fain return; Love moved me, which compelleth me to speak. When I shall be in presence of my Lord, Full often will I praise thee unto him.’ Then paused she, and thereafter I began: ‘O Lady of virtue, thou alone through whom The human race exceedeth all contained Within the heaven that has the lesser circles, So grateful unto me is thy commandment, To obey, if ‘twere already done, were late; No farther need’st thou ope to me thy wish. 13 Dante But the cause tell me why thou dost not shun The here descending down into this centre, From the vast place thou burnest to return to.’ ‘Since thou wouldst fain so inwardly discern, Briefly will I relate,’ she answered me, ‘Why I am not afraid to enter here. Of those things only should one be afraid Which have the power of doing others harm; Of the rest, no; because they are not fearful. God in his mercy such created me That misery of yours attains me not, Nor any flame assails me of this burning. A gentle Lady is in Heaven, who grieves At this impediment, to which I send thee, So that stern judgment there above is broken. In her entreaty she besought Lucia, And said, “Thy faithful one now stands in need Of thee, and unto thee I recommend him.” Lucia, foe of all that cruel is, Hastened away, and came unto the place Where I was sitting with the ancient Rachel. “Beatrice” said she, “the true praise of God, Why succourest thou not him, who loved thee so, For thee he issued from the vulgar herd? Dost thou not hear the pity of his plaint? Dost thou not see the death that combats him Beside that flood, where ocean has no vaunt?” Never were persons in the world so swift To work their weal and to escape their woe, As I, after such words as these were uttered, Came hither downward from my blessed seat, Confiding in thy dignified discourse, Which honours thee, and those who’ve listened to it.’ After she thus had spoken unto me, Weeping, her shining eyes she turned away; Whereby she made me swifter in my coming; And unto thee I came, as she desired; I have delivered thee from that wild beast, Which barred the beautiful mountain’s short ascent. What is it, then? Why, why dost thou delay? Why is such baseness bedded in thy heart? Daring and hardihood why hast thou not, 14 Longfellow Seeing that three such Ladies benedight Are caring for thee in the court of Heaven, And so much good my speech doth promise thee?” Even as the flowerets, by nocturnal chill, Bowed down and closed, when the sun whitens them, Uplift themselves all open on their stems; Such I became with my exhausted strength, And such good courage to my heart there coursed, That I began, like an intrepid person: “O she compassionate, who succoured me, And courteous thou, who hast obeyed so soon The words of truth which she addressed to thee! Thou hast my heart so with desire disposed To the adventure, with these words of thine, That to my first intent I have returned. Now go, for one sole will is in us both, Thou Leader, and thou Lord, and Master thou.” Thus said I to him; and when he had moved, I entered on the deep and savage way. IIIIInferno: Canto III nferno: Canto III nferno: Canto III nferno: Canto III nferno: Canto III “Through me the way is to the city dolent; Through me the way is to eternal dole; Through me the way among the people lost. Justice incited my sublime Creator; Created me divine Omnipotence, The highest Wisdom and the primal Love. Before me there were no created things, Only eterne, and I eternal last. All hope abandon, ye who enter in!” These words in sombre colour I beheld Written upon the summit of a gate; Whence I: “Their sense is, Master, hard to me!” And he to me, as one experienced: “Here all suspicion needs must be abandoned, All cowardice must needs be here extinct. We to the place have come, where I have told thee Thou shalt behold the people dolorous Who have foregone the good of intellect.” 15 Dante And after he had laid his hand on mine With joyful mien, whence I was comforted, He led me in among the secret things. There sighs, complaints, and ululations loud Resounded through the air without a star, Whence I, at the beginning, wept thereat. Languages diverse, horrible dialects, Accents of anger, words of agony, And voices high and hoarse, with sound of hands, Made up a tumult that goes whirling on For ever in that air for ever black, Even as the sand doth, when the whirlwind breathes. And I, who had my head with horror bound, Said: “Master, what is this which now I hear? What folk is this, which seems by pain so vanquished?” And he to me: “This miserable mode Maintain the melancholy souls of those Who lived withouten infamy or praise. Commingled are they with that caitiff choir Of Angels, who have not rebellious been, Nor faithful were to God, but were for self. The heavens expelled them, not to be less fair; Nor them the nethermore abyss receives, For glory none the damned would have from them.” And I: “O Master, what so grievous is To these, that maketh them lament so sore?” He answered: “I will tell thee very briefly. These have no longer any hope of death; And this blind life of theirs is so debased, They envious are of every other fate. No fame of them the world permits to be; Misericord and Justice both disdain them. Let us not speak of them, but look, and pass.” And I, who looked again, beheld a banner, Which, whirling round, ran on so rapidly, That of all pause it seemed to me indignant; And after it there came so long a train Of people, that I ne’er would have believed That ever Death so many had undone. When some among them I had recognised, I looked, and I beheld the shade of him Who made through cowardice the great refusal.

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The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) Translated by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow A Penn State Electronic Classics Series Publication The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri trans. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is a publication of the Penn- sylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State University nor Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, nor anyone associated with the Pennsylvania State University assumes any responsibility for the material contained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri trans. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, the Pennsylvania State University, Electronic Classics Series, Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, Hazleton, PA 18202 is a Portable Docu- ment File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of litera- ture, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them. Cover Design: Jim Manis Copyright © 2005 The Pennsylvania State University The Pennsylvania State University is an equal opportunity university. Contents INFERNO...................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Inferno: Canto I .............................................................................................................................................................. 7 Inferno: Canto II ........................................................................................................................................................... 11 Inferno: Canto III.......................................................................................................................................................... 14 Inferno: Canto IV ......................................................................................................................................................... 18 Inferno: Canto V ........................................................................................................................................................... 22 Inferno: Canto VI.......................................................................................................................................................... 25 Inferno: Canto VII ........................................................................................................................................................ 28 Inferno: Canto VIII ....................................................................................................................................................... 32 Inferno: Canto IX ......................................................................................................................................................... 35 Inferno: Canto X ........................................................................................................................................................... 39 Inferno: Canto XI ......................................................................................................................................................... 42 Inferno: Canto XII ........................................................................................................................................................ 45 Inferno: Canto XIII ....................................................................................................................................................... 49 Inferno: Canto XIV....................................................................................................................................................... 53 Inferno: Canto XV ........................................................................................................................................................ 56 Inferno: Canto XVI....................................................................................................................................................... 60 Inferno: Canto XVII ..................................................................................................................................................... 63 Inferno: Canto XVIII .................................................................................................................................................... 67 Inferno: Canto XIX....................................................................................................................................................... 70 Inferno: Canto XX ........................................................................................................................................................ 74 Inferno: Canto XXI....................................................................................................................................................... 77 Inferno: Canto XXII ..................................................................................................................................................... 81 Inferno: Canto XXIII .................................................................................................................................................... 85 Inferno: Canto XXIV.................................................................................................................................................... 89 Inferno: Canto XXV ..................................................................................................................................................... 93 Inferno: Canto XXVI.................................................................................................................................................... 97 Inferno: Canto XXVII ................................................................................................................................................ 100 Inferno: Canto XXVIII ............................................................................................................................................... 104 Inferno: Canto XXIX.................................................................................................................................................. 107 Inferno: Canto XXX ................................................................................................................................................... 111 Inferno: Canto XXXI.................................................................................................................................................. 115 Inferno: Canto XXXII ................................................................................................................................................ 119 Inferno: Canto XXXIII ............................................................................................................................................... 122 Inferno: Canto XXXIV ............................................................................................................................................... 126 PURGATORIO ......................................................................................................................................................... 130 Purgatorio: Canto I ..................................................................................................................................................... 130 Purgatorio: Canto II .................................................................................................................................................... 133 Purgatorio: Canto III................................................................................................................................................... 137 Purgatorio: Canto IV .................................................................................................................................................. 141 Purgatorio: Canto V .................................................................................................................................................... 144 Purgatorio: Canto VI .................................................................................................................................................. 148 Purgatorio: Canto VII ................................................................................................................................................. 152 Purgatorio: Canto VIII ................................................................................................................................................ 155 Purgatorio: Canto IX .................................................................................................................................................. 159 Purgatorio: Canto X.................................................................................................................................................... 163 Purgatorio: Canto XI .................................................................................................................................................. 166 Purgatorio: Canto XII ................................................................................................................................................. 170 Purgatorio: Canto XIII................................................................................................................................................ 173 Purgatorio: Canto XIV................................................................................................................................................ 177 Purgatorio: Canto XV ................................................................................................................................................. 181 Purgatorio: Canto XVI................................................................................................................................................ 185 Purgatorio: Canto XVII .............................................................................................................................................. 189 Purgatorio: Canto XVIII ............................................................................................................................................. 193 Purgatorio: Canto XIX................................................................................................................................................ 197 Purgatorio: Canto XX ................................................................................................................................................. 201 Purgatorio: Canto XXI................................................................................................................................................ 205 Purgatorio: Canto XXII .............................................................................................................................................. 208 Purgatorio: Canto XXIII ............................................................................................................................................. 212 Purgatorio: Canto XXIV............................................................................................................................................. 216 Purgatorio: Canto XXV .............................................................................................................................................. 220 Purgatorio: Canto XXVI............................................................................................................................................. 223 Purgatorio: Canto XXVII ........................................................................................................................................... 227 Purgatorio: Canto XXVIII .......................................................................................................................................... 231 Purgatorio: Canto XXIX............................................................................................................................................. 235 Purgatorio: Canto XXX .............................................................................................................................................. 239 Purgatorio: Canto XXXI............................................................................................................................................. 243 Purgatorio: Canto XXXII ........................................................................................................................................... 247 Purgatorio: Canto XXXIII .......................................................................................................................................... 251 PARADISO................................................................................................................................................................ 255 Paradiso: Canto I ........................................................................................................................................................ 255 Paradiso: Canto II ....................................................................................................................................................... 259 Paradiso: Canto III...................................................................................................................................................... 263 Paradiso: Canto IV ..................................................................................................................................................... 266 Paradiso: Canto V ....................................................................................................................................................... 270 Paradiso: Canto VI...................................................................................................................................................... 273 Paradiso: Canto VII .................................................................................................................................................... 277 Paradiso: Canto VIII ................................................................................................................................................... 281 Paradiso: Canto IX ..................................................................................................................................................... 285 Paradiso: Canto X ....................................................................................................................................................... 288 Paradiso: Canto XI ..................................................................................................................................................... 292 Paradiso: Canto XII .................................................................................................................................................... 296 Paradiso: Canto XIII ................................................................................................................................................... 300 Paradiso: Canto XIV................................................................................................................................................... 303 Paradiso: Canto XV .................................................................................................................................................... 307 Paradiso: Canto XVI................................................................................................................................................... 311 Paradiso: Canto XVII ................................................................................................................................................. 315 Paradiso: Canto XVIII ................................................................................................................................................ 318 Paradiso: Canto XIX................................................................................................................................................... 322 Paradiso: Canto XX .................................................................................................................................................... 326 Paradiso: Canto XXI................................................................................................................................................... 330 Paradiso: Canto XXII ................................................................................................................................................. 333 Paradiso: Canto XXIII ................................................................................................................................................ 337 Paradiso: Canto XXIV................................................................................................................................................ 341 Paradiso: Canto XXV ................................................................................................................................................. 345 Paradiso: Canto XXVI................................................................................................................................................ 348 Paradiso: Canto XXVII .............................................................................................................................................. 352 Paradiso: Canto XXVIII ............................................................................................................................................. 356 Paradiso: Canto XXIX................................................................................................................................................ 359 Paradiso: Canto XXX ................................................................................................................................................. 363 Paradiso: Canto XXXI................................................................................................................................................ 367 Paradiso: Canto XXXII .............................................................................................................................................. 371 Paradiso: Canto XXXIII ............................................................................................................................................. 375 APPENDIX................................................................................................................................................................ 379 Index of First Lines .................................................................................................................................................. 382 7 Dante The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) TRANSLATED BY HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW (1807-1882) Incipit Comoedia Dantis Alagherii, Florentini natione, non moribus. INFERNO IIIIInferno: Canto I nferno: Canto I nferno: Canto I nferno: Canto I nferno: Canto I Midway upon the journey of our life I found myself within a forest dark, For the straightforward pathway had been lost. Ah me! how hard a thing it is to say What was this forest savage, rough, and stern, Which in the very thought renews the fear. So bitter is it, death is little more; But of the good to treat, which there I found, Speak will I of the other things I saw there. I cannot well repeat how there I entered, So full was I of slumber at the moment In which I had abandoned the true way. But after I had reached a mountain’s foot, At that point where the valley terminated, Which had with consternation pierced my heart, 8 Longfellow Upward I looked, and I beheld its shoulders, Vested already with that planet’s rays Which leadeth others right by every road. Then was the fear a little quieted That in my heart’s lake had endured throughout The night, which I had passed so piteously. And even as he, who, with distressful breath, Forth issued from the sea upon the shore, Turns to the water perilous and gazes; So did my soul, that still was fleeing onward, Turn itself back to re-behold the pass Which never yet a living person left. After my weary body I had rested, The way resumed I on the desert slope, So that the firm foot ever was the lower. And lo! almost where the ascent began, A panther light and swift exceedingly, Which with a spotted skin was covered o’er! And never moved she from before my face, Nay, rather did impede so much my way, That many times I to return had turned. The time was the beginning of the morning, And up the sun was mounting with those stars That with him were, what time the Love Divine At first in motion set those beauteous things; So were to me occasion of good hope, The variegated skin of that wild beast, The hour of time, and the delicious season; But not so much, that did not give me fear A lion’s aspect which appeared to me. He seemed as if against me he were coming With head uplifted, and with ravenous hunger, So that it seemed the air was afraid of him; And a she-wolf, that with all hungerings Seemed to be laden in her meagreness, And many folk has caused to live forlorn! She brought upon me so much heaviness, With the affright that from her aspect came, That I the hope relinquished of the height. And as he is who willingly acquires, And the time comes that causes him to lose, Who weeps in all his thoughts and is despondent, 9 Dante E’en such made me that beast withouten peace, Which, coming on against me by degrees Thrust me back thither where the sun is silent. While I was rushing downward to the lowland, Before mine eyes did one present himself, Who seemed from long-continued silence hoarse. When I beheld him in the desert vast, “Have pity on me,” unto him I cried, “Whiche’er thou art, or shade or real man!” He answered me: “Not man; man once I was, And both my parents were of Lombardy, And Mantuans by country both of them. ‘Sub Julio’ was I born, though it was late, And lived at Rome under the good Augustus, During the time of false and lying gods. A poet was I, and I sang that just Son of Anchises, who came forth from Troy, After that Ilion the superb was burned. But thou, why goest thou back to such annoyance? Why climb’st thou not the Mount Delectable, Which is the source and cause of every joy?” “Now, art thou that Virgilius and that fountain Which spreads abroad so wide a river of speech?” I made response to him with bashful forehead. “O, of the other poets honour and light, Avail me the long study and great love That have impelled me to explore thy volume! Thou art my master, and my author thou, Thou art alone the one from whom I took The beautiful style that has done honour to me. Behold the beast, for which I have turned back; Do thou protect me from her, famous Sage, For she doth make my veins and pulses tremble.” “Thee it behoves to take another road,” Responded he, when he beheld me weeping, “If from this savage place thou wouldst escape; Because this beast, at which thou criest out, Suffers not any one to pass her way, But so doth harass him, that she destroys him; And has a nature so malign and ruthless, That never doth she glut her greedy will, And after food is hungrier than before. 10 Longfellow Many the animals with whom she weds, And more they shall be still, until the Greyhound Comes, who shall make her perish in her pain. He shall not feed on either earth or pelf, But upon wisdom, and on love and virtue; ‘Twixt Feltro and Feltro shall his nation be; Of that low Italy shall he be the saviour, On whose account the maid Camilla died, Euryalus, Turnus, Nisus, of their wounds; Through every city shall he hunt her down, Until he shall have driven her back to Hell, There from whence envy first did let her loose. Therefore I think and judge it for thy best Thou follow me, and I will be thy guide, And lead thee hence through the eternal place, Where thou shalt hear the desperate lamentations, Shalt see the ancient spirits disconsolate, Who cry out each one for the second death; And thou shalt see those who contented are Within the fire, because they hope to come, Whene’er it may be, to the blessed people; To whom, then, if thou wishest to ascend, A soul shall be for that than I more worthy; With her at my departure I will leave thee; Because that Emperor, who reigns above, In that I was rebellious to his law, Wills that through me none come into his city. He governs everywhere, and there he reigns; There is his city and his lofty throne; O happy he whom thereto he elects!” And I to him: “Poet, I thee entreat, By that same God whom thou didst never know, So that I may escape this woe and worse, Thou wouldst conduct me there where thou hast said, That I may see the portal of Saint Peter, And those thou makest so disconsolate.” Then he moved on, and I behind him followed. 11 Dante IIIIInferno: Canto II nferno: Canto II nferno: Canto II nferno: Canto II nferno: Canto II Day was departing, and the embrowned air Released the animals that are on earth From their fatigues; and I the only one Made myself ready to sustain the war, Both of the way and likewise of the woe, Which memory that errs not shall retrace. O Muses, O high genius, now assist me! O memory, that didst write down what I saw, Here thy nobility shall be manifest! And I began: “Poet, who guidest me, Regard my manhood, if it be sufficient, Ere to the arduous pass thou dost confide me. Thou sayest, that of Silvius the parent, While yet corruptible, unto the world Immortal went, and was there bodily. But if the adversary of all evil Was courteous, thinking of the high effect That issue would from him, and who, and what, To men of intellect unmeet it seems not; For he was of great Rome, and of her empire In the empyreal heaven as father chosen; The which and what, wishing to speak the truth, Were stablished as the holy place, wherein Sits the successor of the greatest Peter. Upon this journey, whence thou givest him vaunt, Things did he hear, which the occasion were Both of his victory and the papal mantle. Thither went afterwards the Chosen Vessel, To bring back comfort thence unto that Faith, Which of salvation’s way is the beginning. But I, why thither come, or who concedes it? I not Aeneas am, I am not Paul, Nor I, nor others, think me worthy of it. Therefore, if I resign myself to come, I fear the coming may be ill-advised; Thou’rt wise, and knowest better than I speak.” And as he is, who unwills what he willed, And by new thoughts doth his intention change, So that from his design he quite withdraws, 12 Longfellow Such I became, upon that dark hillside, Because, in thinking, I consumed the emprise, Which was so very prompt in the beginning. “If I have well thy language understood,” Replied that shade of the Magnanimous, “Thy soul attainted is with cowardice, Which many times a man encumbers so, It turns him back from honoured enterprise, As false sight doth a beast, when he is shy. That thou mayst free thee from this apprehension, I’ll tell thee why I came, and what I heard At the first moment when I grieved for thee. Among those was I who are in suspense, And a fair, saintly Lady called to me In such wise, I besought her to command me. Her eyes where shining brighter than the Star; And she began to say, gentle and low, With voice angelical, in her own language: ‘O spirit courteous of Mantua, Of whom the fame still in the world endures, And shall endure, long-lasting as the world; A friend of mine, and not the friend of fortune, Upon the desert slope is so impeded Upon his way, that he has turned through terror, And may, I fear, already be so lost, That I too late have risen to his succour, From that which I have heard of him in Heaven. Bestir thee now, and with thy speech ornate, And with what needful is for his release, Assist him so, that I may be consoled. Beatrice am I, who do bid thee go; I come from there, where I would fain return; Love moved me, which compelleth me to speak. When I shall be in presence of my Lord, Full often will I praise thee unto him.’ Then paused she, and thereafter I began: ‘O Lady of virtue, thou alone through whom The human race exceedeth all contained Within the heaven that has the lesser circles, So grateful unto me is thy commandment, To obey, if ‘twere already done, were late; No farther need’st thou ope to me thy wish. 13 Dante But the cause tell me why thou dost not shun The here descending down into this centre, From the vast place thou burnest to return to.’ ‘Since thou wouldst fain so inwardly discern, Briefly will I relate,’ she answered me, ‘Why I am not afraid to enter here. Of those things only should one be afraid Which have the power of doing others harm; Of the rest, no; because they are not fearful. God in his mercy such created me That misery of yours attains me not, Nor any flame assails me of this burning. A gentle Lady is in Heaven, who grieves At this impediment, to which I send thee, So that stern judgment there above is broken. In her entreaty she besought Lucia, And said, “Thy faithful one now stands in need Of thee, and unto thee I recommend him.” Lucia, foe of all that cruel is, Hastened away, and came unto the place Where I was sitting with the ancient Rachel. “Beatrice” said she, “the true praise of God, Why succourest thou not him, who loved thee so, For thee he issued from the vulgar herd? Dost thou not hear the pity of his plaint? Dost thou not see the death that combats him Beside that flood, where ocean has no vaunt?” Never were persons in the world so swift To work their weal and to escape their woe, As I, after such words as these were uttered, Came hither downward from my blessed seat, Confiding in thy dignified discourse, Which honours thee, and those who’ve listened to it.’ After she thus had spoken unto me, Weeping, her shining eyes she turned away; Whereby she made me swifter in my coming; And unto thee I came, as she desired; I have delivered thee from that wild beast, Which barred the beautiful mountain’s short ascent. What is it, then? Why, why dost thou delay? Why is such baseness bedded in thy heart? Daring and hardihood why hast thou not, 14 Longfellow Seeing that three such Ladies benedight Are caring for thee in the court of Heaven, And so much good my speech doth promise thee?” Even as the flowerets, by nocturnal chill, Bowed down and closed, when the sun whitens them, Uplift themselves all open on their stems; Such I became with my exhausted strength, And such good courage to my heart there coursed, That I began, like an intrepid person: “O she compassionate, who succoured me, And courteous thou, who hast obeyed so soon The words of truth which she addressed to thee! Thou hast my heart so with desire disposed To the adventure, with these words of thine, That to my first intent I have returned. Now go, for one sole will is in us both, Thou Leader, and thou Lord, and Master thou.” Thus said I to him; and when he had moved, I entered on the deep and savage way. IIIIInferno: Canto III nferno: Canto III nferno: Canto III nferno: Canto III nferno: Canto III “Through me the way is to the city dolent; Through me the way is to eternal dole; Through me the way among the people lost. Justice incited my sublime Creator; Created me divine Omnipotence, The highest Wisdom and the primal Love. Before me there were no created things, Only eterne, and I eternal last. All hope abandon, ye who enter in!” These words in sombre colour I beheld Written upon the summit of a gate; Whence I: “Their sense is, Master, hard to me!” And he to me, as one experienced: “Here all suspicion needs must be abandoned, All cowardice must needs be here extinct. We to the place have come, where I have told thee Thou shalt behold the people dolorous Who have foregone the good of intellect.” 15 Dante And after he had laid his hand on mine With joyful mien, whence I was comforted, He led me in among the secret things. There sighs, complaints, and ululations loud Resounded through the air without a star, Whence I, at the beginning, wept thereat. Languages diverse, horrible dialects, Accents of anger, words of agony, And voices high and hoarse, with sound of hands, Made up a tumult that goes whirling on For ever in that air for ever black, Even as the sand doth, when the whirlwind breathes. And I, who had my head with horror bound, Said: “Master, what is this which now I hear? What folk is this, which seems by pain so vanquished?” And he to me: “This miserable mode Maintain the melancholy souls of those Who lived withouten infamy or praise. Commingled are they with that caitiff choir Of Angels, who have not rebellious been, Nor faithful were to God, but were for self. The heavens expelled them, not to be less fair; Nor them the nethermore abyss receives, For glory none the damned would have from them.” And I: “O Master, what so grievous is To these, that maketh them lament so sore?” He answered: “I will tell thee very briefly. These have no longer any hope of death; And this blind life of theirs is so debased, They envious are of every other fate. No fame of them the world permits to be; Misericord and Justice both disdain them. Let us not speak of them, but look, and pass.” And I, who looked again, beheld a banner, Which, whirling round, ran on so rapidly, That of all pause it seemed to me indignant; And after it there came so long a train Of people, that I ne’er would have believed That ever Death so many had undone. When some among them I had recognised, I looked, and I beheld the shade of him Who made through cowardice the great refusal.

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