WT THE aH l teE DEMOCRATIC r KD o CLASS rE p iM STRUGGLE O C R A T Walter Korpi I C C L A S S S T R U G G ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: L THE LABOUR MOVEMENT E ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: THE LABOUR MOVEMENT Volume 22 THE DEMOCRATIC CLASS STRUGGLE THE DEMOCRATIC CLASS STRUGGLE WALTER KORPI Firstpublishedin1983byRoutledge&KeganPaulplc Thiseditionfirstpublishedin2019 byRoutledge 2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN andbyRoutledge 711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017 RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninforma business ©1983WalterKorpi Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedor reproducedorutilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical, orothermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,including photocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageor retrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers. Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksor registeredtrademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationand explanationwithoutintenttoinfringe. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN:978-1-138-32435-0(Set) ISBN:978-0-429-43443-3(Set)(ebk) ISBN:978-1-138-33841-8(Volume22)(hbk) ISBN:978-0-429-44171-4(Volume22)(ebk) Publisher’sNote Thepublisherhasgonetogreatlengthstoensurethequalityofthis reprintbutpointsoutthatsomeimperfectionsintheoriginalcopies maybeapparent. Disclaimer Thepublisherhasmadeeveryefforttotracecopyrightholdersand wouldwelcomecorrespondencefromthosetheyhavebeenunableto trace. THE DEMOCRATIC CLASS STRUGGLE Walter Korpi First published in 1983 by Routledge & Kegan Paul plc 39 Store Street, London WC1E 7DD, 9 Park Street, Boston, Mass. 02108, USA , 296 Beacons field Parade, Middle Park, Melbourne, 3206, Australia, and Broadway House, Newtown Road, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon RG9 1EN Printed in Great Britain by Billing & Sons Ltd. , Worcester ©Walter Korpi 1983 No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except for the quotation of brief passages in criticism. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Korpi, Walter. The democratic class struggle. Bibliography : p. Includes index. 1. Political participation – Sweden. 2. Trade-unions – Sweden – Political activity. 3. Strikes and lockouts. 4. Social conflict. 5. Welfare state. I. Title. JN 7945. K66 1983 324'. 042'. 09485 82-23183 ISBN 0-7100-9436-1 CONTENTS Preface vii 1 Introduction: Class, power and social change 1 2 The democratic class struggle 7 3 Working-class mobilization 26 4 Electoral participation 53 5 Social roots of party preferences 83 6 Electoral geography 110 7 Voters on the move 130 8 The politics of industrial conflict 159 9 Social policy 184 10 After the historical compromise 208 Appendix 237 Notes 244 Bibliography 263 Subject index 273 Name index P R E F A CE This book combines a case study of class relations, politics and voting in Sweden with a comparative analysis of distributive conflicts and politics in eighteen OECD countries. Its under- lying theoretical theme is the development of class relations in free-enterprise or capitalist democracies. The different chapters of the book are connected more by their relation to common theoretical issues than by a continuous narrative thread. In a few chapters I have drawn on previously published materials. The comparative analysis of industrial conflict presented in Chapter 8 as well as the cross-national data introduced in Chapter 3 derive from a research project carried out in collaboration with Michael Shalev of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Our collaboration started during a contemporaneous sojourn on the shore of Lake Mendota in Wisconsin. I wish to thank Michael for intellectual stimulation, generous friendship and unspared energy. Among my colleagues at the Swedish Institute for Social Research I want to give my special thanks to Christian Berggren, Ulla Carlstedt, Eva Carlsson, Robert Erikson, Anne-Maj Folmer- Hansen, Sven E. Olsson, Eleanor Rapier, Miljan Vuksanović and Eskil Wadensjö for advice and assistance. I have benefited from valuable comments on the manuscript made by Olof Frändén, Olof Petersson, Levi Svenningsson and Rune Åberg. My thanks are also due to Karin Busch, Sören Holmberg, Hans Nordlöf and Staffan Sollander for helpful assistance in the data analysis and to Diane Sainsbury for the translation into English as well as for perceptive comments. The work with this book has been partly supported by re- search grants from the Swedish Delegation for Social Research and from the Bank of Sweden Tercentennial Foundation. W.K. Stockholm vii