To my son Jamie Continuum International Publishing Group The Tower Building 80 Maiden Lane 11 York Road Suite 704, New York London SE1 7NX NY 10038 www.continuumbooks.com © Ernesto Macaro and contributors 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmi(cid:308) ed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 978-0-8264-9506-8 (hardback) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Typeset by Newgen Imaging Systems Pvt Ltd, Chennai, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by the MPG Books Group Continuum Companion to Second Language Acquisition Edited by Ernesto Macaro This page intentionally left blank Continuum Companion to Second Language Acquisition This page intentionally left blank Contents Notes on Contributors ix Acknowledgements xii Part 1 The Second Language Acquisition Landscape 1  Second Language Acquisition: The Landscape, the  Scholarship and the Reader 3 Ernesto Macaro 2  A Compendium of Key Concepts in Second  Language Acquisition 29 Ernesto Macaro, Robert Vanderplank and Victoria A. Murphy 3 Research Methods in Second Language Acquisition 107 Andrew D. Cohen and Ernesto Macaro Part 2 Issues and Relationships in Second Language Acquisition 4  The Relationship between First and Second Language  Acquisition Revisited 137 Vivian Cook 5  The Relationship between Age of Learning and Type of  Linguistic Exposure in Children Learning a Second Language 158 Victoria A. Murphy 6  The Relationship between L2 Vocabulary Knowledge and  L2 Vocabulary Use 179 Paul Meara 7 The Relationship between L2 Input and L2 Output 194 Susan Gass Contents  8  The Relationship between Pedagogical Focus and Interaction  in L2 Lessons 220 Paul Seedhouse  9  The Relationship between Language Aptitude and Language Learning Motivation: Individual Diff erences from a Dynamic Systems Perspective 247 Zoltán Dörnyei 10  The Relationship between Strategic Behaviour and  Language Learning Success 268 Ernesto Macaro Conclusions 300 Ernesto Macaro References 306 Index 343 viii Notes on Contributors Paul Seedhouse is Professor of Educational and Applied Linguistics in the School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle U niversity, UK. His monograph The Interactional Architecture of the Language Classroom was published by Blackwell in 2004 and won the Modern Languages Association of America Mildenberger Prize. He also co-edited the collections Applying Conversation Analysis (Palgrave Macmillan 2005), Language Learning and Teaching as Social Interaction, (Palgrave Macmillan 2007) and Conversation Analysis and Language for Specifi c Purposes (Peter Lang 2007). He currently has a second grant from the IELTS consortium to look at topic development in the IELTS speaking test. Susan M. Gass is University Distinguished Professor of Linguistics and Languages, Director of the English Language Center, Director of the Second Language Studies Ph.D. programme, Co-Director of the Center for Language Education and Research, Co-Director of the Center for the Support for Language Teaching, all at Michigan State University. She received her undergraduate degree from University of California at Berkeley, an M.A. from U.C.L.A. and her Ph.D. from Indiana University. She has published widely in the fi eld of s econd language acquisition and is the author of numerous articles and books. She is the winner of numerous awards, including the Distinguished Faculty Award at Michigan State University, the Ralph Smuckler Award for Interna- tional Studies at Michigan State University, Paul Pimsleur Award for Outstand- ing Research from ACTFL (American Council for the Teaching of Foreign Languages) and the Michigan Association of Governing Boards Award. She has served as the president of the American Association for Applied Linguistics and and of the International Association of Applied Linguistics (AILA). She is also on numerous editorial boards and is the current Associate Editor of Studies in Second Language Acquisition. Andrew D. Cohen (Professor in Second Language Studies, University of Minnesota) served as a Peace Corps Volunteer on the High Plains of Bolivia, as