The Contemporary Relevance of Carl Schmitt WhatdoesCarlSchmitthavetooffertoongoingdebatesaboutsovereignty, globalization, spatiality, the nature of the political and political theology? Can Schmitt’s positions and concepts offer insights that might help us understand our concrete present-day situation? Works on Schmitt usually limit themselves to historically isolating Schmitt into his Weimar or post- Weimarcontext,toreadinghimtogetherwithclassicsofpoliticalandlegal philosophy or to focusing exclusively on a particular aspect of Schmitt’s writings.Bringingtogetheraninternational,andinterdisciplinary,rangeof contributors,thisbookexploresthequestionofSchmitt’srelevanceforan understandingofthecontemporaryworld.Engagingthebackgroundand intellectual context in which Schmitt wrote his major works – often with referencetobothprimaryandsecondaryliteratureunavailableinEnglish –thisbookwillbeofenormousinteresttolegalandpoliticaltheorists. Matilda Arvidsson and Leila Brännström are based at Lund University, Sweden;PanuMinkkinenisattheUniversityofHelsinki,Finland. This page intentionally left blank The Contemporary Relevance of Carl Schmitt Law, Politics, Theology Edited by Matilda Arvidsson, Leila Brännström and Panu Minkkinen Firstpublished2016 byRoutledge 2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,Oxon,OX144RN andbyRoutledge 711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017 aGlassHouseBook RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©2016Editorialmatterandselection:MatildaArvidsson,LeilaBrännström andPanuMinkkinen Individualchapters:thecontributors TherightofMatildaArvidsson,LeilaBrännströmandPanuMinkkinentobe identifiedaseditorsofthisworkhasbeenassertedbytheminaccordance withsections77and78oftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproduced orutilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans, nowknownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording, orinanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissionin writingfromthepublishers. Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksor registeredtrademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationand explanationwithoutintenttoinfringe. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Acataloguerecordforthisbookhasbeenrequested ISBN:978-1-138-82293-1(hbk) ISBN:978-1-315-74224-3(ebk) TypesetinBaskervilleby FiSHBooksLtd,London Contents Abouttheauthors vii Editors’introduction 1 MATILDAARVIDSSON,LEILABRÄNNSTRÖMANDPANUMINKKINEN PARTI Law 17 1 CarlSchmitt’sdefinitionofsovereigntyasauthorizedleadership 19 LEILABRÄNNSTRÖM 2 CarlSchmittandtheproblemofconstitutionalguardianship 34 LARSVINX 3 PoliticalcommunityinCarlSchmitt’sinternationallegalthinking 50 MARKUSGUNNEFLO 4 CarlSchmittandthetyrannyofvalues 64 JUHA-PEKKARENTTO 5 Alawwithoutthepolitical:CarlSchmitt,romanticism,and FriedrichDürrenmatt’sThe Execution of Justice 78 PANUMINKKINEN 6 Socialacceleration,motorizedlegislationandframeworklaws 91 CARL-GÖRANHEIDEGREN vi Contents PARTII Politics 105 7 Law,decision,necessity:shiftingtheburdenofresponsibility 107 JOHANNAJACQUES 8 Representationandtheunrepresentable:ErnstJünger, CarlSchmittandthelimitsofpolitics 120 MÅRTENBJÖRK 9 Rethinkingtheconceptofthepolitical:Derrida’sreadingof Schmitt’s‘TheTheoryofthePartisan’ 134 JACQUESDEVILLE 10 Eschatologyandexistentialism:CarlSchmitt’shistorical understandingofinternationallawandpolitics 147 WALTERRECH 11 CarlSchmittandthenewworldorder:aviewfromEurope 165 MASSIMOFICHERA PARTIII Theology 179 12 ‘Im Kampf um Rom’:CarlSchmitt’scritiqueofRudolphSohm andthepost-secularturn 181 HJALMARFALK 13 Processesoforderandtheconcretenessofthesacred:onthe contemporaryrelevanceofCarlSchmitt’scritiqueofnihilism 195 JONWITTROCK 14 Beyondthejuristasatheologianoflegalscience:thequestion ofCarlSchmittandtheinternationallegalorder 208 PETERLANGFORDANDIANBRYAN 15 Fromteleologytoeschatology:thekatechon andthepolitical theologyoftheinternationallawofbelligerentoccupation 223 MATILDAARVIDSSON Index 237 About the authors MatildaArvidssonisLecturerandDoctoralCandidateinInternationalLaw atLundUniversity,Sweden. Mårten Björk is Doctoral Candidate in Theology and Religious Studies at theUniversityofGothenburg,Sweden. Leila Brännström is Senior Lecturer in Jurisprudence at Lund University, Sweden. Ian Bryan is Senior Lecturer in Law in the Law School, University of Lancaster,UnitedKingdom. JacquesdeVilleisProfessorofLawattheUniversityoftheWesternCape, SouthAfrica. Hjalmar Falk is Postdoctoral Researcher in the History of Ideas and ScienceattheUniversityofGothenburg,Sweden. Massimo Fichera is Lecturer in European Studies at the Network for EuropeanStudies,UniversityofHelsinki,Finland. Markus Gunneflo is Lecturer and Postdoctoral Researcher in Public InternationalLawatLundUniversity,Sweden. Carl-Göran Heidegren is Professor of Sociology at Lund University, Sweden. Johanna Jacques is Lecturer in Law at Durham University, United Kingdom. Peter Langford is Senior Lecturer in Law in the Department of Law and Criminology,EdgeHillUniversity,UnitedKingdom. PanuMinkkinenisProfessorofJurisprudenceattheUniversityofHelsinki, Finland. Walter Rech is Postdoctoral Researcher at the Erik Castrén Institute of InternationalLawandHumanRights,UniversityofHelsinki,Finland. viii About the authors Juha-PekkaRenttoisAdjunctProfessor(Docent)inthePhilosophyofLaw attheUniversitiesofHelsinkiandTurku,Finland. Lars Vinx is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Bilkent University in Ankara,Turkey. JonWittrockisSeniorLecturerinPoliticalScienceatSödertörnUniversity, Sweden. Editors’ introduction Matilda Arvidsson, Leila Brännström and Panu Minkkinen In2000,GopalBalakrishnansuggestedthat:‘IntheEnglish-speakingworld [Carl Schmitt] is terra incognita, a name redolent of Nazism, the author of alargelyuntranslatedoeuvreofshorttextsformingnosystem,comingtous from a disturbing place and time in the form of scrambled fragments’ (Balakrishnan 2000: 1). Indeed, fifteen years on Balakrishnan’s observa- tion appears dated. The lion’s share of Schmitt’s books, articles, and lectures is now available in English editions (for full bibliographical infor- mation on Schmitt’s publications, see Benoist 2003).1 The amount of secondaryliteraturedealingwithdifferentaspectsofSchmitt’sthinking,or with his oeuvre in general, is constantly growing (for a selection, see, for example, Vinx 2014). And even though Schmitt’s explicit intellectual support for and active involvement with National Socialism continues to cast doubts on the value and significance of his thought, the reception of his works has moved beyond a discussion in which commentators either adopttheroleofhisprosecutorsorhisapologists.Atthismomentintime peopleofdiametricallyoppositepoliticalallegiancesseemtofindSchmitt’s ideasonsovereignty,dictatorship,politicaltheology,legalityandlegitimacy, thenatureofthelegalorder,theconceptofthepoliticalandinternational law and order worthy of attention and engagement or even immediately useful. But what exactly is the added value of engaging with Schmitt? In which ways is his oeuvre relevant from a contemporary point of view? These are questionsthatthecontributionsinthepresentvolumeattempttoanswer. Beforediscussingthe‘Schmittrevival’ofthelastfewdecadesinslightly moredetailaswellaspositioningthepresentvolumemorepreciselywithin the landscape of recent secondary literature, a short account of Schmitt’s 1 ImportantworksthathavebeentranslatedintoEnglishbetween2000and2015include TheNomosoftheEarth(Schmitt2003),LegalityandLegitimacy(Schmitt2004a),OntheThree Types of Juristic Thought (Schmitt 2004b), Theory of the Partisan (Schmitt 2007b), Constitutional Theory (Schmitt 2008a), Political Theology II (Schmitt 2008b), Dictatorship (Schmitt2014),andTheGuardianoftheConstitution(Schmitt2015).