THE CONFESSIONS OF SAINT AUGUSTINE Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation Augustine PSAT is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE, AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSATis a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. The Confessions of Saint Augustine Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation Augustine PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. ICON CLASSICS Published by ICON Group International, Inc. 7404 Trade Street San Diego, CA 92121 USA www.icongrouponline.com The Confessions of Saint Augustine: Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation This edition published by ICON Classics in 2005 Printed in the United States of America. Copyright ©2005 by ICON Group International, Inc. Edited by Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. (INSEAD); Copyright ©2005, all rights reserved. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. 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PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-497-01013-5 Augustine iii Contents PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR..........................................................................................1 BOOK I.............................................................................................................................3 BOOK II..........................................................................................................................21 BOOK III.........................................................................................................................31 BOOK IV.........................................................................................................................45 BOOK V..........................................................................................................................63 BOOK VI.........................................................................................................................79 BOOK VII........................................................................................................................99 BOOK VIII.....................................................................................................................119 BOOK IX.......................................................................................................................139 BOOK X........................................................................................................................161 BOOK XI.......................................................................................................................199 BOOK XII......................................................................................................................221 BOOK XIII.....................................................................................................................245 GLOSSARY...................................................................................................................275 Augustine 1 PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR Designed for school districts, educators, and students seeking to maximize performance on standardized tests, Webster’s paperbacks take advantage of the fact that classics are frequently assigned readings in English courses. By using a running thesaurus at the bottom of each page, this edition of The Confessions of Saint Augustine by Augustine was edited for students who are actively building their vocabularies in anticipation of taking PSAT®, SAT®, AP® (Advanced Placement®), GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT® or similar examinations.1 Webster’s edition of this classic is organized to expose the reader to a maximum number of synonyms and antonyms for difficult and often ambiguous English words that are encountered in other works of literature, conversation, or academic examinations. Extremely rare or idiosyncratic words and expressions are given lower priority in the notes compared to words which are “difficult, and often encountered” in examinations. Rather than supply a single synonym, many are provided for a variety of meanings, allowing readers to better grasp the ambiguity of the English language, and avoid using the notes as a pure crutch. Having the reader decipher a word’s meaning within context serves to improve vocabulary retention and understanding. Each page covers words not already highlighted on previous pages. If a difficult word is not noted on a page, chances are that it has been highlighted on a previous page. A more complete thesaurus is supplied at the end of the book; Synonyms and antonyms are extracted from Webster’s Online Dictionary. Definitions of remaining terms as well as translations can be found at www.websters-online- dictionary.org. Please send suggestions to [email protected] The Editor Webster’s Online Dictionary www.websters-online-dictionary.org 1 P S A T ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. Augustine 3 BOOK %I Great art Thou, O Lord, and greatly to be praised; great is Thy power, and Thy wisdom infinite. And Thee would man praise; man, but a particle of Thy creation; man, that bears about him his mortality, the witness of his sin, the witness that Thou resistest the proud: yet would man praise Thee; he, but a particle of Thy creation. Thou awakest us to delight in Thy praise; for Thou madest us for Thyself, and our heart is restless, until it repose in Thee. Grant me, Lord, to know and understand which is first, to call on Thee or to praise Thee? and, again, to know Thee or to call on Thee? for who can call on Thee, not knowing Thee? for he that knoweth Thee not, may call on Thee as other than Thou art. Or, is it rather, that we call on Thee that we may know Thee? but how shall they call on Him in whom they have not believed? or how shall they believe without a preacher? and they that seek the Lord shall praise Him: for they that seek shall find Him, and they that find shall praise Him. I will seek Thee, Lord, by calling on Thee; and will call on Thee, believing in Thee; for to us hast Thou been preached. My faith, Lord, shall call on Thee, which Thou hast given me, wherewith Thou hast inspired me, through the Incarnation of Thy Son, through the ministry of the Preacher. And how shall I call upon my God, my God and Lord, since, when I call for Him, I shall be calling Him to myself? and what room is there within me, whither my God can come into me? whither can God come into me, God who Thesaurus bears: (n) fissiped, badgers, Carnivora, corpuscle, spot; (adj, n) atom. restless: (adj) fidgety, uneasy, order Carnivora. praised: (adj) bepuffed, popular, impatient, restive, agitated, fretful, believed: (adj) whispered, alleged, renowned. turbulent, feverish; (adj, n) nervous, thought, held. preacher: (n) missionary, parson, apprehensive; (adj, v) unquiet. infinite: (adj) absolute, eternal, lecturer, clergyman, evangelist, ANTONYMS: (adj) relaxed, peaceful, endless, countless, immense, pastor, priest, sermonizer, revivalist, lethargic, unbroken, still, contented. incalculable, boundless, innumerable, gospeler, preachers. thou: (n) chiliad, grand, m, g, one immeasurable, everlasting, spaceless. repose: (n, v) recline, peace, lie, calm; thousand, gramme, gram, gm, ANTONYMS: (adj) finite, limited, (n) composure, ease, quiet, leisure, gigabyte, Gb, curtilage. restricted, small, tiny, slight. recreation, relaxation; (v) lay. wherewith: (adv) therewith, herewith. particle: (n) molecule, grain, speck, ANTONYMS: (n, v) work; (n) whither: (adv) hither, thither, iota, fragment, jot, bit, mite, activity, panic, agitation. whereunto, whereto, for. 4 The Confessions of Saint Augustine made heaven and earth? is there, indeed, O Lord my God, aught in me that can contain Thee? do then heaven and earth, which Thou hast made, and wherein Thou hast made me, contain Thee? or, because nothing which exists could exist without Thee, doth therefore whatever exists contain Thee? Since, then, I too exist, why do I seek that Thou shouldest enter into me, who were not, wert Thou not in me? Why? because I am not gone down in hell, and yet Thou art there also. For if I go down into hell, Thou art there. I could not be then, O my God, could not be at all, wert Thou not in me; or, rather, unless I were in Thee, of whom are all things, by whom are all things, in whom are all things? Even so, Lord, even so. Whither do I call Thee, since I am in Thee? or whence canst Thou enter into me? for whither can I go beyond heaven and earth, that thence my God should come into me, who hath said, I fill the heaven and the earth.% Do the heaven and earth then contain Thee, since Thou fillest them? or dost Thou fill them and yet overflow, since they do not contain Thee? And whither, when the heaven and the earth are filled, pourest Thou forth the remainder of Thyself? or hast Thou no need that aught contain Thee, who containest all things, since what Thou fillest Thou fillest by containing it? for the vessels which Thou fillest uphold Thee not, since, though they were broken, Thou wert not poured out. And when Thou art poured out on us, Thou art not cast down, but Thou upliftest us; Thou art not dissipated, but Thou gatherest us. But Thou who fillest all things, fillest Thou them with Thy whole self? or, since all things cannot contain Thee wholly, do they contain part of Thee? and all at once the same part? or each its own part, the greater more, the smaller less? And is, then one part of Thee greater, another less? or, art Thou wholly every where, while nothing contains Thee wholly? What art Thou then, my God? what, but the Lord God? For who is Lord but the Lord? or who is God save our God? Most highest, most good, most potent, most omnipotent; most merciful, yet most just; most hidden, yet most present; most beautiful, yet most strong, stable, yet incomprehensible; unchangeable, yet all-changing; never new, never old; all-renewing, and bringing age upon the proud, and they know it not; ever working, ever at rest; still gathering, yet Thesaurus aught: (n) nil, zero, anything, ought, clement, benign, kindly, gentle, immutable, permanent, irrevocable, cypher, nix, cipher, naught, null, zip; beneficent, forgiving. ANTONYMS: irreversible, unalterable, immovable, (adj) any. (adj) pitiless, merciless, unforgiving, inflexible, determined, definite. containing: (adj) including, spiteful, harsh, impatient, severe, ANTONYMS: (adj) changing, comprehensive. hardhearted. inconstant, flexible, uncertain, fluid, dissipated: (adj, v) fast; (adj) dissolute, omnipotent: (adj) almighty, supreme, unconfirmed, impermanent. immoral, abandoned, profligate, powerful, multipotent, divine, whence: (adv) wherefrom, hence, prodigal, gay, rakish, degenerate, extreme, great, irresistible, mighty, because, for, why, wherefore, how, squandered, licentious. predominant; (n) God. ANTONYMS: then, then thence so, how comes it, ANTONYMS: (adj) upright, moral. (adj) weak, powerless. how happens it. merciful: (adj) humane, gracious, poured: (adj) concrete. wherein: (adv) in what, in which, lenient, compassionate, kind, unchangeable: (adj) invariable, firm, where. Augustine 5 nothing lacking; supporting, filling, and overspreading; creating, nourishing, and maturing; seeking, yet having all things. Thou lovest, without passion; art jealous, without anxiety; repentest, yet grievest not; art angry, yet serene; changest Thy works, Thy purpose unchanged; receivest again what Thou findest, yet didst never lose; never in need, yet rejoicing in gains; never covetous, yet exacting usury. Thou receivest over and above, that Thou mayest owe; and who hath aught that is not Thine? Thou payest debts, owing nothing; remittest debts, losing nothing. And what had I now said, my God, my life, my holy joy? or what saith any man when he speaks of Thee? Yet woe to him that speaketh not, since mute are even the most eloquent.% Oh! that I might repose on Thee! Oh! that Thou wouldest enter into my heart, and inebriate it, that I may forget my ills, and embrace Thee, my sole good! What art Thou to me? In Thy pity, teach me to utter it. Or what am I to Thee that Thou demandest my love, and, if I give it not, art wroth with me, and threatenest me with grievous woes? Is it then a slight woe to love Thee not? Oh! for Thy mercies’ sake, tell me, O Lord my God, what Thou art unto me. Say unto my soul, I am thy salvation. So speak, that I may hear. Behold, Lord, my heart is before Thee; open Thou the ears thereof, and say unto my soul, I am thy salvation. After this voice let me haste, and take hold on Thee. Hide not Thy face from me. Let me die—lest I die—only let me see Thy face. Narrow is the mansion of my soul; enlarge Thou it, that Thou mayest enter in. It is ruinous; repair Thou it. It has that within which must offend Thine eyes; I confess and know it. But who shall cleanse it? or to whom should I cry, save Thee? Lord, cleanse me from my secret faults, and spare Thy servant from the power of the enemy. I believe, and therefore do I speak. Lord, Thou knowest. Have I not confessed against myself my transgressions unto Thee, and Thou, my God, hast forgiven the iniquity of my heart? I contend not in judgment with Thee, who art the truth; I fear to deceive myself; lest mine iniquity lie unto itself. Therefore I contend not in judgment with Thee; for if Thou, Lord, shouldest mark iniquities, O Lord, who shall abide it? Thesaurus covetous: (adj) avid, envious, greedy, injustice, crime, sin, vice, darkness, disastrous, calamitous, injurious, grasping, acquisitive, miserly, villainy, sinfulness. ANTONYMS: (n) deleterious, dilapidated, blasting, hungry, jealous; (adj, n) desirous; (adj, goodness, good. baneful, pernicious; (adj, n) v) sordid, mercenary. ANTONYMS: nourishing: (adj) alimentary, healthy, subversive. ANTONYMS: (adj) (adj) giving, benevolent, sharing. nutrient, healthful, wholesome, rich, beneficial, fortunate, harmless. forgiven: (v) conciliatory, placable. nutritive, hearty, alimental, good, usury: (n) usure, rapacity, rate of inebriate: (v) befuddle, intoxicate, beneficial. ANTONYMS: (adj) interest, vigorish; (v) accustom, fuddle; (n) drunkard, boozer, unhealthy, unwholesome, meager, common occurrence, practice, treat, dipsomaniac, drinker, rummy, sot; insufficient. usage, use, usefulness. (adj) drunken, inebriated. overspreading: (adj) overhanging; (n) wroth: (adj) wrathful, angry, irate, iniquity: (adj, n) depravity; (n) ripple effect, suffusion. indignant, raging, furious, hot, inequity, wickedness, immorality, ruinous: (adj) harmful, baleful, enraged, incensed, choleric, fury.