“CONDER” THE TOKEN COLLECTOR’S JOURNAL THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONDER TOKEN COLLECTOR’S CLUB Winter 2017 Consecutive Issue #73 A Novel Approach to Taking Pictures of Edges 19th Century Tokens The First British Tokens? Token Congress 2016 --- You should have been there! BILL McKIVOR—CTCC #3. Web-- www.thecoppercorner.com E-mail [email protected] List #87 out in February ----------ask for yours today--- NEW EDITION OF DALTON AND HAMER AVAILABLE NOW, $135 INCLUDING POST, FROM THE COPPERCORNER. ALSO STILL HAVE (ONE)! COPY OF THE DELUXE VERSION, CUSTOM BOOK IN A SLIP COVER, AVAILABLE, AT $250 INCLUDING POSTAGE. ORDER TODAY!! AVAILABLE IN THE UK, ALAN JUDD, [email protected] x Bill McKivor and Mrs Tottington. BUYING-----and SELLING Buying ALL BRITISH TOKENS, 1600 THROUGH 1900---collections, singles. I show you the actual retail value of each piece, and we work from there. Many happy buyers and sellers—23 years specializing in British Tokens. Over 1500 “Conder” tokens in stock , VF to Gem UNC Regular listings of 19th C copper, Evasion tokens, Unofficial farthings, Books, MORE--- Your satisfaction guaranteed. BILL MCKIVOR, PO BOX 46135 SEATTLE WA 98146. (206) 244-8345 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Consecutive Issue #73 President’s message Bill McKivor Page 4 Treasurer’s report Scott Loos Page 5 What is it about 19th Century Tokens? Allan Davisson Page 6 England’s First Trade Tokens? Allan Davisson Page 15 2016 Token Travel Diary Jeff Rock Page 19 Edge Photography Ed Moore Page 27 Officers and contact information Page 29 The Token Exchange and Mart Page 29 New Members A warm welcome to our newest members: 608 Mr. Andrey Filimonov, Moscow, Russia More thoughts on the passing of John Whitmore The token collecting community was shocked to hear of the passing of John Whitmore just a short time before the 2016 Token Congress. John was one of the pillars of the British numismatic scene, wearing many different hats in some of the organizations he belonged to, especially with the British Numismatic Trade Association. His knowledge of coins, medals and especially tokens was abundantly clear in the sheer volume of price lists that he issued (these will take up several linear feet on any collector's bookshelf!). In his advertisements he would apologize for the length of his lists -- but no apology was needed. Every one of his customers was thrilled when one showed up in their mailbox, and immediately an hour two would be set aside to go through them and hurriedly e-mailing John in order to reserve pieces they needed (and those of us in the former colonies usually missing out since the mail was slower in getting here than it was to people in the UK!). John's lists were a throwback to lists of the previous decade, including those of S&B Coins and Coins of Beeston. That meant that while there were huge quantities of tokens, there was also great variety -- if you collected 17th, 18th or 19th century there would be something for you. If you liked pub checks, dairy tokens, telephone tokens, engraved coins, transportation tokens or just about any other field chances are there would be something on that list -- and if not, certainly on the next one! Collectors will remember the bizarre methods used in those lists -- one would not order a token by saying "I want the Middlesex 203" but instead would have to give a 5 or 6 digit code of letters and numbers; I had always wondered how John kept his things organized, but his method certainly worked for him as he would be able to quickly get back to you and let you know if something was already sold. For us American collectors -- a nation bad at geography to begin with, and especially so when it concerns other countries -- his lists would also be something of a learning experience, because instead of listing tokens by county as in D&H they would be listed by town -- so if you didn't know that Sleaford was in Lincolnshire, you had something to learn -- and resorting to Google in some instances meant looking at web sites for those towns and thinking "wow, that is lovely - -I really must visit there!" I finally met John in person 4 or 5 years ago at the Token Congress, and found him to be EXACTLY as I had expected. Sincere, honest, always eager to learn new things -- and even more eager to share what he knew. His enthusiasm was contagious and his absence will be felt. 3 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE FEBRUARY 2017 Dear Friends, It seems that old man Winter is hard at it, good time to sit and review your token collection. This is going to be an interesting year, we Americans have a new president, for better or for worse, and everyone has an opinion. I find it best to not say what I think, in any direction. Oh well, put politics aside, let’s keep our token friends. There is news from the UK, those of you who follow the auction scene will find it changed---Baldwin’s name has been purchased again---The buyer, I understand, is Steven Fenton, and he has launched a new firm, “Baldwin’s of St. James” Auction house. ----thus the Baldwin name will march on, under the leadership of Fenton, who runs Knightsbridge Coins, and St. James Auction. For our token interest, it is hard to know where it is going to go. Fenton seems to have Baldwin’s mailing list, and I am sure we will soon know more. I understand the Baldwin coin sales department still exists, with new numismatists and new management under Neil Paisley. I for one miss the friendly surroundings of 11 Adelphi Terrace that Baldwins had for many years. A very relaxed place, it had a nice group of numismatists, gentlemen and ladies all, a nice place to sit and look at tokens. I was blessed with the ability to go into the medals room and look through the general stock, pick out what I might want, and take it to the counter. Try that in an American firm!! As to the auction at Baldwins this last October, I was again quite successful, and if you bid, I hope you were too. This sale had many singles, as in BB-I and BB-II, but BB-III also had many group lots. Some of the group lots were amazingly nice, overall, and some had rarities not seen in a while. I bought quite a few groups as well as a good number of single tokens, so came away happy. New events -- there will, I am sure, be an auction at DNW, probably sometime in October, (4th?) and the Token Congress will be in Warwick at the Hilton, 6, 7, 8, October. Not sure of the price, but around 190 pounds, I think, for the two nights, five meals, and the talks, and the bourse!! Come if you can, I will help you make arrangements if you wish. Coinex has been moved to being earlier in the year, Sept 22 and 23 --- which makes the timing less than optimal relative to the Congress. Lastly, the CTCC has finally managed to get all the back Journals scanned, this with a big thanks to ED MOORE---and they are now on the CTCC’s Web Site, with a thanks to JON LUSK and ERIC HOLCOMB!! I did nothing, as usual, but am happy it has happened, we have been working toward it for years. If you are a member you now have a password you can use to get into the back issues. A wonderful present!! I will be retiring as President of the CTCC, so everyone, please think about running for office!! Happy collecting, 4 This report is unaudited 5 What is it about 19th century tokens? By Allan Davisson What accounts for collector resistance to the 19th century copper token series that immediately follows the popular 18th century pieces that “Conder” collectors pursue so enthusiastically? They are well catalogued, first by Davis (The Nineteenth Century Token Coinage of Great Britain, Ireland the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man) published in 1904. Six years later Dalton and Hamer began their series of individual publications issued from 1910 to 1918. In 1999 Paul and Bente Withers published a new study of the 19th century series organizing the issues by town where they were issued rather than by county and adding substantial background detail about the tokens and their issuers. The Davis reference was not a cheap book. The price for a copy was “Two Guineas, net,” over £200 today. And for that you got a signed and numbered copy of one of a limited edition of 258 copies. It was a quarto volume, “328 pages of letter-press” print, handmade paper and 33 autotype plates. It is a readily usable book until you compare it with Dalton and Hamer which has photos in the text for every variety and easy-to-decipher descriptions of each type. Davis separates the photos from the text and has less-than-precise descriptions like “the pavement is shorter than the wall.” The Withers volume is more user-friendly with photos in the text showing all the types and varieties along with the descriptions. Both Davis and Withers show a grasp of the series that is extensive and fascinating. So, if history is something that appeals, the 19th century series certainly matches that motivation behind the late 18th century material. The Davis introduction to these early 19th century issues explains the need for the series in terms reflecting the recurring need for tokens in British monetary history. By 1797, Davis notes, the “disappearance of the token currency…was undoubtedly the avarice of some traders, who sought to make as much as 30 per cent profit from the issue of their tokens.” (He is referring to the “Conder” series.) The Soho Mint, with instructions from Parliament and under Matthew Boulton, began striking two penny and penny pieces in 1797. “The copper coinage of 1797, struck at the Soho Mint, possessed beauty of design, good quality and weight of metal, and was so excellently wrought as to defy the forger’s art.” The stipulation was that “eight twopenny pieces and sixteen pennies were to weigh a pound respectively.” The problem for the public was “that an artisan who was paid his wages of 20s. (shillings) in those coins would have to carry 15 lb. in weight from the pay-table.” The response to this was to pay workers with pound notes. The problem of obtaining change for these notes is a familiar chapter in the unmet need for small change and the resulting token coinage. 6 Economics and government inaction played their parts as well. By 1807 the value of copper had increased enough that early good copper tokens like the Anglesey pieces and the earlier official currency issues were worth more melted than spent. Fourteen years passed before the government authorized copper coins in 1821 when the Pistrucci-designed farthing was issued. Pennies and halfpennies were not officially minted until 1825. So, the classic problem of no small change in the marketplace brought about the token series of 1811 to 1820. This series began with the same commitment as the Welsh issuers: provide a token with a copper value that matches the market price of copper. Generally speaking, the series does conform to this standard. There was still a weight problem particularly now that a penny was a more useful denomination. The largest copper piece ever issued in Britain either as a token or a currency issue was a 5.5 ounce six penny piece issued in Birmingham. (There was a short-lived series of silver tokens in 1811 and 1812 that failed because of the seemingly irresistible temptation to skimp on weight.) So, the history is the same as the other well-catalogued series—17th century, 18th century. What could be objectionable enough that they do not inspire more collectors? Heft: they tend to be large because they contained a full weight of copper. Besides, many are too big to fit in a normal 2 by 2 holder, a problem if you want your holdings neatly arranged in boxes to fit 2x2 envelopes or flips. They were minted for use so they tend to be worn. They were heavy so when they were dropped, they got banged up. Many of them are very utilitarian—little grace and beauty. For some of the varieties, the difference between “very rare” and “very common” can be little more than a minor variation in punctuation or letter placement (but this is little different than counting acorns on a Druid halfpenny). There are answers to all these objections. Heft, for example, can be one of the more fascinating aspects of the series. The Birmingham Workhouse sixpence shown below is 50 mm in diameter and 9 mm thick—a solid chunk of copper with a well-designed image of the Birmingham workhouse. Incorporated in 1783, the Workhouse “overseers of the poor” provided help in the form of tokens for the poor or payments for work done in the workhouse. They were taken as payment by local merchants who then redeemed the tokens at the workhouse. 7 Withers 375, Davis 28 (50mm) The denomination was pared down a bit to a 45 mm size weighing 4.5 ounces but 10 mm thick. But it was still heavy, hardly a handy bit of pocket change. Withers 376 (45mm) For those of us who are fascinated by the minting history and the design, the sheer size of these is a major part of their appeal. Both are very rare, seven examples of the larger piece and six of the smaller piece were known to Davis. The makers apparently found these to be too overwhelming—they were not issued for use. Sixpences aside, by this time in England the halfpenny of the late 1700s was not valuable enough for regular commerce and there was more demand for a larger denomination. So pennies, twopences and even threepence sized tokens appear in the series. 8 Withers 381, a threepence (44mm) The most common and extensively produced denomination was the penny. A pattern in 1811 engraved by P. Wyon became the basis for pennies dated 1812, 1813 and 1814. These pieces were well enough received that “An act of Parliament in 1817 effectively made Birmingham penny tokens legal tender.” (Withers, p. 75) Withers 390 (34mm) Better minting technology meant that tokens were generally produced to a fine standard. Many merchants and companies created tokens for trade. The number of varieties extant for many of the issues suggests that enough were minted for many of these subscribers that several dies were used up in the process of supplying the quantities ordered. This is readily apparent simply thumbing through the Withers volume where each variety is photographed. The changes are often slight but noticeable, not unlike the variations from die to die for early American copper. 9 One key criterion for collectors is subject and visual appeal. A piece like the Rose Copper Company penny is very utilitarian in its design. Yet, it is a handsome piece of copper with a very straightforward design. Withers shows 14 die variations. Withers 245 (35 mm) But even designs meant to be primarily utilitarian could show some thematic variation. A more general issue in Birmingham was a token Withers considers speculative “for sale to employers who needed to pay their workmen.” This issue has a well-defined set of Prince of Wales’ plumes on the obverse and a handsome prancing horse on the reverse. The speculative venture must have been somewhat successful because Withers identifies ten die varieties. Withers 185 (35 mm) Images of the Industrial Revolution appear on several tokens of the era. Samuel Fereday, an industrialist, put the Prestfield furnaces on a two penny token. Three blast furnaces, an engine house with an early example of a curved roof and a building where ore was heated to burn off impurities provide a detailed view of his iron works. 10