The Coen & Hamworthy Combustion Handbook, Fundamentals for Power, Marine & Industrial Applications L O Edited by Stephen B. Londerville & Charles E. Baukal, Jr., John Zink Company LLC, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA BN THE COEN & HAMWORTHY AD UE The rigorous treatment of combustion can be so complex that the kinetic variables, R COMBUSTION HANDBOOK fluid turbulence factors, luminosity, and other factors cannot be defined well enough to K find realistic solutions. Simplifying the processes, The Coen & Hamworthy Combustion AV Handbook provides practical guidance to help readers make informed choices about fuels, LI L burners, and associated combustion equipment—and to clearly understand the impacts L of the many variables. Editors Stephen B. Londerville and Charles E. Baukal, Jr., top E combustion experts from John Zink Hamworthy Combustion and the Coen Company, supply a thorough, state-of-the-art overview of boiler burners that covers Coen, Hamworthy, and Fundamentals for Power, Marine & Industrial Applications Todd brand boiler burners. Roughly divided into two parts, the book first reviews combustion engineering fundamentals. It CT then uses a building-block approach to present specific computations and applications in OH industrial and utility combustion systems, including those for ME B • Transport and introduction of fuel and air to a system C UO • Safe monitoring of the combustion system SE • Control of flows and operational parameters TN I • Design of a burner/combustion chamber to achieve performance levels for emissions O & and heat transfer N H • Avoidance of excessive noise and vibration and the extension of equipment life under adverse conditions HA AM Coverage includes units, fluids, chemistry, and heat transfer, as well as atomization, NW computational fluid dynamics (CFD), noise, auxiliary support equipment, and the combustion D O of gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels. Significant attention is also given to the formation, B reduction, and prediction of emissions from combustion systems. Each chapter builds from R O the simple to the more complex and contains a wealth of practical examples and full-color T photographs and illustrations. O H K Y A ready reference and refresher, this unique handbook is designed for anyone involved in combustion equipment selection, sizing, and emissions control. It will help readers make calculations and decisions on design features, fuel choices, emissions, controls, burner selection, and burner/furnace combinations with more confidence. K13399 ISBN: 978-1-4398-7333-5 STEPHEN B. LONDERVILLE 90000 CHARLES E. BAUKAL, JR. Editors 9 781439 873335 www.crcpress.com K13399_COVER_final.indd 1 1/11/13 4:16 PM THE COEN & HAMWORTHY COMBUSTION HANDBOOK Fundamentals for Power, Marine & Industrial Applications IndustrIal combustIon serIes Series Editors: Charles E. Baukal, Jr. The Coen & Hamworthy Combustion Handbook: Fundamentals for Power, Marine & Industrial Applications Stephen Londerville and Charles E. Baukal, Jr. The John Zink Hamworthy Combustion Handbook, Second Edition Volume 1—Fundamentals Volume II—Design and Operations Volume II1—Applications Charles E. Baukal, Jr. Industrial Burners Handbook Charles E. Baukal, Jr. The John Zink Combustion Handbook Charles E. Baukal, Jr. Computational Fluid Dynamics in Industrial Combustion Charles E. Baukal, Jr., Vladimir Gershtein, and Xianming Jimmy Li Heat Transfer in Industrial Combustion Charles E. Baukal, Jr. Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion Charles E. Baukal, Jr. THE COEN & HAMWORTHY COMBUSTION HANDBOOK Fundamentals for Power, Marine & Industrial Applications Edited by STEPHEN B. LONDERVILLE CHARLES E. BAUKAL, JR. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20121220 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-7334-2 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. 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Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................................................ix List of Tables .........................................................................................................................................................................xxiii Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................................................xxvii Preface .....................................................................................................................................................................................xxix Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................................................xxxi Editors ..................................................................................................................................................................................xxxiii Contributors .........................................................................................................................................................................xxxv 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................1 Stephen B. Londerville, Timothy Webster, and Charles E. Baukal, Jr. 2. Engineering Fundamentals ...........................................................................................................................................15 Stephen B. Londerville 3. Combustion Fundamentals ...........................................................................................................................................25 Stephen B. Londerville, Joseph Colannino, and Charles E. Baukal, Jr. 4. Fuels ....................................................................................................................................................................................71 John Ackland, Jeff White, Richard T. Waibel, and Stephen B. Londerville 5. Oil Atomization ...............................................................................................................................................................95 I.-Ping Chung and Stephen B. Londerville 6. Solid Fuel Combustion in Suspension .......................................................................................................................115 Stephen B. Londerville and Timothy Webster 7. Heat Transfer ..................................................................................................................................................................127 Stephen B. Londerville, Charles E. Baukal, Jr., and Jay Karan 8. Fundamentals of Fluid Dynamics ..............................................................................................................................153 Stephen B. Londerville and Wes Bussman 9. CFD-Based Combustion Modeling ...........................................................................................................................183 Michael A. Lorra and Shirley X. Chen 10. Pollutant Emissions ........................................................................................................................................................211 Charles E. Baukal, Jr., I.-Ping Chung, Stephen B. Londerville, James G. Seebold, and Richard T. Waibel 11. Noise .................................................................................................................................................................................267 Wes Bussman, Jay Karan, Carl-Christian Hantschk, and Edwin Schorer 12. Combustion Controls, Burner Management, and Safety Systems ......................................................................301 Vladimir Lifshits 13. Blowers for Combustion Systems ..............................................................................................................................335 John Bellovich and Jim Warren 14. Burners and Combustion Systems for Industrial and Utility Boilers ................................................................359 Vladimir Lifshits vii viii Contents 15. Duct Burners ...................................................................................................................................................................397 Peter F. Barry, Stephen L. Somers, Stephen B. Londerville, Kenneth Ahn, and Kevin Anderson 16. Air Heaters ......................................................................................................................................................................421 Nigel Webley 17. Marine and Offshore Applications ............................................................................................................................431 Richard Price Appendix A: Units and Conversions ................................................................................................................................443 Appendix B: Physical Properties of Materials ................................................................................................................449 Appendix C: Properties of Gases and Liquids ...............................................................................................................465 Appendix D: Properties of Solids .....................................................................................................................................509