Computer Aided Design and Design Automation (cid:1)2008byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC. The Circuits and Filters Handbook Third Edition Edited by Wai-Kai Chen Fundamentals of Circuits and Filters Feedback, Nonlinear, and Distributed Circuits Analog and VLSI Circuits Computer Aided Design and Design Automation Passive, Active, and Digital Filters (cid:1)2008byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC. The Circuits and Filters Handbook Third Edition Computer Aided Design and Design Automation Edited by Wai-Kai Chen University of Illinois Chicago, U. S. A. (cid:1)2008byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4200-5918-2 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Computer aided design and design automation / Wai-Kai Chen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-4200-5918-2 ISBN-10: 1-4200-5918-1 1. Engineering design. 2. Electric engineering--Computer-aided design. I. Chen, Wai-Kai, 1936- II. Title. TA174.C58135 2009 621.3--dc22 2008048129 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com (cid:1)2008byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC. Contents Preface Editor-in-Chief Contributors SECTION I Computer Aided Design and Optimization 1 Modeling of Circuit Performances Sung-Mo KangandAbhijitDharchoudhury 2 Symbolic Analysis Methods Benedykt S.Rodanski andMarwan M. Hassoun 3 Numerical Analysis Methods AndrewT. Yang 4 Design by Optimization SachinS. Sapatnekar 5 Statistical Design Optimization MaciejA. Styblinski 6 Physical Design Automation Naveed A.Sherwani 7 Design Automation Technology Allen M. Dewey 8 Computer-Aided Analysis J.Gregory Rollinsand Peter Bendix 9 Analog Circuit Simulation J.Gregory Rollins SECTION II Design Automation 10 Internet-Based Microelectronic Design Automation Framework Moon-Jung Chung andHeechul Kim (cid:1)2008byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC. 11 System-Level Design AliceC.Parker, Yosef Tirat-Gefen, andSuhrid A.Wadekar 12 Performance Modeling and Analysis Using VHDL and SystemC Robert H.Klenke,Jonathan A. Andrews,andJamesH.Aylor 13 Embedded Computing Systems and Hardware=Software Codesign Wayne Wolf 14 Design Automation Technology Roadmap Donald R.Cottrell (cid:1)2008byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC. Preface As system complexity continues to increase, the microelectronic industry must possess the ability to adapt quickly to the market changes and new technology through automation and simulations. The purposeofthisbookistoprovideinasinglevolumeacomprehensivereferenceworkcoveringthebroad spectrum of computer aided design and optimization techniques, which include circuit performance modeling,designbyoptimization,statisticaldesignoptimization,physicaldesignautomation,computer aided analysis and circuit simulations; and design automation, which includes system-level design, performance modeling and analysis, and hardware=software codesign. This book is written and devel- oped for the practicing electrical engineers and computer scientists in industry, government, and academia.Thegoalistoprovidethemostup-to-dateinformationinthefield. Overtheyears,thefundamentalsofthefieldhaveevolvedtoincludeawiderangeoftopicsandabroad rangeofpractice.Toencompasssuchawiderangeofknowledge,thisbookfocusesonthekeyconcepts, models, and equations that enable the design engineer to analyze, design, and predict the behavior of large-scalesystems.Whiledesignformulasandtablesarelisted,emphasisisplacedonthekeyconcepts andtheoriesunderlyingtheprocesses. Thisbookstressesfundamentaltheoriesbehindprofessionalapplicationsandusesseveralexamplesto reinforcethispoint.Extensivedevelopmentoftheoryanddetailsofproofshavebeenomitted.Thereader isassumedtohaveacertaindegreeofsophisticationandexperience.However,briefreviewsoftheories, principles,andmathematicsofsomesubjectareasaregiven.Thesereviewshavebeendoneconciselywith perception. The compilation of this book would not have been possible without the dedication and efforts of ProfessorSteveSung-MoKang,andmostofallthecontributingauthors.Iwishtothankthemall. Wai-KaiChen (cid:1)2008byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC. (cid:1)2008byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC. Editor-in-Chief Wai-KaiChenisaprofessorandheademeritusoftheDepartment ofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScienceattheUniversityof Illinoisat Chicago.He received his BSand MS in electrical engin- eering at Ohio University, where he was later recognized as a distinguishedprofessor.HeearnedhisPhDinelectricalengineering attheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana–Champaign. ProfessorChenhasextensiveexperienceineducationandindus- try and is very active professionally in the fields of circuits and systems.HehasservedasavisitingprofessoratPurdueUniversity, theUniversityofHawaiiatManoa,andChuoUniversityinTokyo, Japan. He was the editor-in-chief of the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, Series I and II, the president of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, and is the founding editor and the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers. He received the Lester R. Ford Award from the Mathematical Association of America; the Alexander von Humboldt Award from Germany; the JSPS Fellowship Award from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; the National Taipei University of Science and Technology Distinguished Alumnus Award; the Ohio University Alumni Medal of Merit for Distinguished Achievement in Engineering Education; the Senior University Scholar Award and the 2000FacultyResearchAwardfromtheUniversityofIllinoisatChicago;andtheDistinguishedAlumnus Awardfromthe UniversityofIllinois atUrbana–Champaign. He istherecipientof the GoldenJubilee Medal, the Education Award, and the Meritorious Service Award from the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, and the Third Millennium Medal from the IEEE. He has also received more than a dozen honoraryprofessorshipawardsfrommajorinstitutionsinTaiwanandChina. AfellowoftheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers(IEEE)andtheAmericanAssociation for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Professor Chen is widely known in the profession for the following works: Applied Graph Theory (North-Holland), Theory and Design of Broadband Matching Networks (Pergamon Press), Active Network and Feedback Amplifier Theory (McGraw-Hill), Linear Networks and Systems (Brooks=Cole), Passive and Active Filters: Theory and Implements (John Wiley), TheoryofNets:FlowsinNetworks(Wiley-Interscience),TheElectricalEngineeringHandbook(Academic Press),andTheVLSIHandbook(CRCPress). (cid:1)2008byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC.