Table of Contents ARTICLES: Confraternities and Mendicant Orders: The Dynamics of Lay and Clerical Brotherhood in Renaissance Bologna Nicholas Terpstra Saint of Authority and the Saint of the Spirit: Paul Sabatier’s Vie de S. Francois d’Assise Gentle Skeptics? American Catholic Encounters with Polygenism, Geology, and Evolutionary Theories from 1845 to 1875 William J.A store The Search for an American Catholicism Jay P Dolan The Importance of Being Doctor: The Quarrel over Competency between Humanists and Theologians in the Renaissance . Erika Rummel From Uncertainty to Opposition: French Catholic Liberals and Imperial Expansion, 1880-1885 Alfred Perkins Complexities of Context: Gerson, Bellarmine, Sarpi, Richer, and the Venetian Interdict of 1606-1607 . . Francis Oakley Defending the True Faith: Kirk, State, and Catholic Missioners in Scotland, 1653-1755 Daniel Szechi Humanism in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Libraries of New Spain H. A. Reinhold: Liturgical Pioneer and Anti-Fascist Spiritual Progress in Carolingian Saxony: A Case from Ninth-Century Corvey David F Appleby Juan Mateo Guaticabani, September 21, 1496: Evangelization and Martyrdom in the Time of Columbus . . Anthony M. Stevens-Arroyo Henry Nutcombe Oxenham: Enfant Terrible of the Liberal Catholic Movement in Mid-Victorian England Wayne M. O'Sullivan MISCELLANY: The Seventy-Sixth Annual Meeting of the American Catholic Historical Association BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY: The Spanish Church and the Second Republic and Civil War, 1931-1939 José M. Sanchez REVIEW ARTICLES: Matriculation Books at Medieval Universities Astrik L. Gabriel Ignatius of Loyola and a New Direction for the History of the Jesuits Peter Kountz 469 BOOK REVIEWS 77,245, 476,669 129, 342, 565, 749 136, 349, 575, 760 148, 363, 587,775