THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY IN LATE ANTIQUITY TheCambridgeHistoryofPhilosophyinLateAntiquitycomprisesoverfortyspecially commissioned essays by experts on the philosophy of the period 200–800 ce. DesignedasasuccessortoTheCambridgeHistoryofLaterGreekandEarlyMedieval Philosophy(ed.A.H.Armstrong),ittakesintoaccountsomefortyyearsofschol- arshipsincethepublicationofthatvolume.Thecontributorsexaminephilosophy as it entered literature, science and religion, and offer new and extensive assess- mentsofphilosopherswhountilrecentlyhavebeenmostlyignored.Thevolume also includes a complete digest of all philosophical works known to have been writtenduringthisperiod.Itwillbeaninvaluableresourceforallthoseinterested inthisrichandstillemergingfield. lloyd p. gerson is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Toronto. He is theauthorofnumerousbooksincludingAncientEpistemology(Cambridge,2009), Aristotle and Other Platonists (2005) and Knowing Persons: A Study in Plato (2004), aswellastheeditorofTheCambridgeCompaniontoPlotinus(1996). The Cambridge History of Philosophy in Late Antiquity Volume I edited by LLOYD P. GERSON cambridgeuniversitypress Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore, Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,Dubai,Tokyo,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb28ru,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521876421 (cid:2)C CambridgeUniversityPress2010 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2010 PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary VolumeIisbn978-0-521-76440-7Hardback Availableonlyasasetisbn978-0-521-876421 CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublicationanddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. CONTENTS VOLUME I Listofcontributors pageix Listofmaps xiii Generalintroduction 1 lloyd p. gerson I Philosophy in the later Roman Empire IntroductiontoPartI 11 1ThelateRomanEmpirefromtheAntoninestoConstantine 13 elizabeth depalma digeser 2Thetransmissionofancientwisdom:texts,doxographies,libraries 25 ga´bor betegh 3CiceroandtheNewAcademy 39 carlos le´vy 4PlatonismbeforePlotinus 63 harold tarrant 5TheSecondSophistic 100 ryan fowler 6NumeniusofApamea 115 mark edwards 7Stoicism 126 brad inwood v vi Contents 8Peripatetics 140 robert w. sharples 9TheChaldaeanOracles 161 john f. finamore and sarah iles johnston 10Gnosticism 174 edward moore and john d. turner 11Ptolemy 197 jacqueline feke and alexander jones 12Galen 210 r. j. hankinson II The first encounter of Judaism and Christianity with ancient Greek philosophy IntroductiontoPartII 233 13PhiloofAlexandria 235 david winston 14JustinMartyr 258 denis minns 15ClementofAlexandria 270 catherine osborne 16Origen 283 emanuela prinzivalli III Plotinus and the new Platonism IntroductiontoPartIII 299 17Plotinus 301 dominic j. o’meara 18Porphyryandhisschool 325 andrew smith 19IamblichusofChalcisandhisschool 358 john dillon Contents vii IV Philosophy in the age of Constantine IntroductiontoPartIV 375 20PhilosophyinaChristianempire:fromthegreatpersecutionto TheodosiusI 376 elizabeth depalma digeser 21Themistius 397 inna kupreeva 22TheAlexandrianschool.TheonofAlexandriaandHypatia 417 alain bernard 23HieroclesofAlexandria 437 hermann schibli V The second encounter of Christianity with ancient Greek philosophy IntroductiontoPartV 457 24BasilofCaesarea 459 lewis ayres and andrew radde-gallwitz 25GregoryofNyssa 471 anthony meredith 26GregoryofNazianzus 482 john a. mcguckin 27Calcidius 498 gretchen reydams-schils 28NemesiusofEmesa 509 beatrice motta 29SynesiusofCyrene 520 jay bregman 30MariusVictorinus 538 stephen a. cooper 31Augustine 552 giovanni catapano CONTRIBUTORS Lewis Ayres Cristina D’Ancona BedeChairofCatholicTheology DepartmentofPhilosophy DurhamUniversity UniversityofPisa Han Baltussen Frans A. J. de Haas Classics,SchoolofHumanities InstituteofPhilosophy UniversityofAdelaide UniversityofLeiden Alain Bernard Elizabeth DePalma Digeser Universite´ deParisXII–IUFMde DepartmentofHistory Cre´teil UniversityofCalifornia,Santa Ga´bor Betegh Barbara DepartmentofPhilosophy John Dillon CentralEuropeanUniversity SchoolofClassics David Blank TrinityCollegeDublin DepartmentofClassics Mark Edwards UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles FacultyofTheology David Bradshaw UniversityofOxford DepartmentofPhilosophy Jacqueline Feke UniversityofKentucky IntroductiontotheHumanities Jay Bregman Program DepartmentofHistory StanfordUniversity UniversityofMaine John F. Finamore Giovanni Catapano DepartmentofClassics DepartmentofPhilosophy UniversityofIowa UniversityofPadua Ryan Fowler Stephen Cooper DepartmentsofClassicsand DepartmentofReligiousStudies Philosophy FranklinandMarshallCollege KnoxCollege ix