THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF JUDAISM VOLUME THREE Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF JUDAISM FOUNDING EDITORS W. D. Davies L. Finkelstein† Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF JUDAISM VOLUME THREE THE EARLY ROMAN PERIOD VOLUME EDITORS WILLIAM HORBURY, FBA Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge W. D. DAVIES, FBA Emeritus Professor, Duke University; Honorary Fellow of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge JOHN STURDY† Formerly Dean of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge cb2 1rp, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, United Kingdom http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011–4211, USA http://www.cup.org 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia Ruiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain © Cambridge University Press 1999 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1999 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeset in 11/12pt Garamond [gc] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library isbn 0 521 24377 7 hardback Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 CONTENTS List of figures page viii Preface xi List of abbreviations xviii Chronological table xxvii 1 The archaeology of Palestine 63 bce–ce 70 Magen Broshi, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem 1 2 The Herodian Temple Dan Bahat, Bar-Ilan University 38 3 Recent archaeology in Palestine: achievements and future goals Eric M. Meyers, Department of Religion, Duke University 59 4 The contribution of Jewish inscriptions to the study of Judaism Margaret Williams, Department of Classical Studies, The Open University 75 5 The social, economic and political history of Palestine 63 bce–ce 70 Emilio Gabba, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Antichità, Università degli Studi di Pavia 94 6 The Diaspora in the Roman period before ce 70 E. Mary Smallwood, Professor Emerita Queen’s University of Belfast 168 7 The Gentiles in Judaism 125 bce–ce 66 Morton Smith†, Formerly Professor of Ancient History, Columbia University 192 8 Gentiles as seen by Jews after ce 70 Raphael Loewe, Goldsmith Professor of Hebrew Emeritus, University College London 250 v Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 vi contents 9 The synagogue Hanswulf Bloedhorn and Gil Hüttenmeister, Institut für Antikes Judentum, Universität Tübingen 267 10 The Temple and the synagogue Shaye J. D. Cohen, Program in Judaic Studies, Brown University 298 11 The early liturgy of the synagogue Stefan C. Reif, Genizah Research and Oriental Division, University Library, Cambridge 326 12 Women in the synagogue William Horbury, Faculty of Divinity, University of Cambridge 358 13 The Pharisees Joachim Schaper, Institut für Alttestamentliche Theologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 402 14 The Sadducees – their history and doctrines Günter Stemberger, Institut für Judaistik, Universität Wien 428 15 The Essenes Otto Betz, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 444 16 The baptist sects Kurt Rudolph, Philipps-Universität Marburg 471 17 The troublemakers Morton Smith† 501 18 The Samaritans and their sects Stanley Isser, Department of Judaic Studies, University at Albany, State University of New York 569 19 Galilean Judaism and Judaean Judaism Martin Goodman, The Oriental Institute, University of Oxford 596 20 Jesus: from the Jewish point of view W. D. Davies, Emeritus Professor, Duke University and E. P. Sanders, Department of Religion, Duke University 618 21 Paul: from the Jewish point of view W. D. Davies 678 Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 contents vii 22 Jewish Christianity J. Carleton Paget, Faculty of Divinity, University of Cambridge 731 23 Apocalyptic: the disclosure of heavenly knowledge Christopher C. Rowland, Faculty of Theology, University of Oxford 776 24 The Qumran sectarian writings Jonathan Campbell, Department of Theology and Religious Studies, University of Bristol 798 25 The Dead Sea Scrolls and pre-Tannaitic Judaism Norman Golb, The Oriental Institute, University of Chicago 822 26 Prayer in the Qumran texts Daniel K. Falk, Department of Religious Studies, University of Oregon 852 27 Philo of Alexandria C. Mondésert†, formerly Professor at the Institut des Sources Chrétiennes 877 28 Josephus (ce 37–c.100) L. H. Feldman, Yeshiva University 901 29 The rabbi in second-century Jewish society Shaye J. D. Cohen, Program in Judaic Studies, Brown University 922 30 The Hellenistic–Roman Diaspora ce 70–ce235: the archaeological evidence L. I. Levine, Institute of Archaeology, Department of Jewish History, Hebrew University of Jerusalem 991 31 The legacy of Egypt in Judaism J. Gwyn Griffiths, Professor Emeritus of Classics and Egyptology, University of Wales, Swansea 1025 32 Jewish elements in gnosticism and magic c.ce 70–c.ce270 Philip S. Alexander, Department of Religions and Theology, University of Manchester 1052 Bibliographies 1079 Index 1220 Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008