the cambridge companion to the greek and roman novel TheGreekandRomannovelsofPetronius,Apuleius,Longus,Heliodorusand others have been cherished for millennia, but never more so than now. The Cambridge Companion to the Greek and Roman Novel contains nineteen original essays by an international cast of experts in the field. The emphasis isuponthecriticalinterpretationofthetextswithinhistoricalsettings,both in antiquity and in the later generations that have been and continue to be inspiredbythem.Allthecentralissuesofcurrentscholarshipareaddressed: sexuality,culturalidentity,class,religion,politics,narrative,style,readership andmuchmore.Foursectionscoverculturalcontextofthenovels,theircon- tents,literaryformandtheirreceptioninclassicalantiquityandbeyond.Each chapter includes guidance on further reading. This collection will be essen- tialforscholarsandstudents,aswellasforotherswhowantanup-to-date, accessibleintroductionintothisexhilaratingmaterial. Acompletelistofbooksintheseriesisatthebackofthebook. Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 THE CAMBRIDGE COMPANION TO THE GREEK AND ROMAN NOVEL EDITED BY TIM WHITMARSH Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 cambridge university press Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb28ru,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521684880 (cid:2)C CambridgeUniversityPress2008 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2008 PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary isbn 978-0-521-86590-6hardback isbn 978-0-521-68488-0paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 CONTENTS Notesoncontributors page viii Acknowledgements xii Listofabbreviations xiii Map xvi 1 Introduction 1 tim whitmarsh PART I: CONTEXTS 2 Literarymilieux 17 ewen bowie 3 Thehistoryofsexuality 39 helen morales 4 Culturalidentity 56 susan stephens 5 Class 72 tim whitmarsh PART II: THE WORLD OF THE NOVEL 6 Religion 91 froma zeitlin 7 Travel 109 james romm v Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 contents 8 Bodyandtext 127 jason ko¨nig 9 Time 145 lawrence kim 10 Politicsandspectacles 162 catherine connors PART III: FORM 11 Genre 185 simon goldhill 12 Approachingstyleandrhetoric 201 andrew laird 13 Intertextuality 218 john morgan and stephen harrison 14 Narrative 237 tim whitmarsh and shadi bartsch PART IV: RECEPTION 15 Ancientreaders 261 richard hunter 16 Byzantinereaders 272 joan b. burton 17 There-emergenceofancientnovelsinwesternEurope,1300–1810 282 michael reeve 18 Novelsancientandmodern 299 gerald sandy and stephen harrison vi Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 contents 19 Modernityandpost-modernity 321 massimo fusillo 340 References 377 BibliographicalappendixonPierreHuet 378 IndexofGreekandRomannovelists 385 Generalindex vii Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS shadi bartschistheAnnL.andLawrenceB.ButtenwieserProfessorofClassics at the University of Chicago. Her first book was Decoding the Ancient Novel: theReaderandtheRoleofDescriptioninHeliodorusandAchillesTatius(1989). Sincethenshehaspublishedwidely,notablyonearlyimperialculture(Actorsin theAudience:TheatricalityandDoublespeakfromNerotoHadrian(1994))and theRomanpoetLucan(IdeologyinColdBlood:aReadingofLucan’sCivilWar (1997)).HermostrecentbookisTheMirroroftheSelf:Sexuality,Self-knowledge, andtheGazeintheEarlyRomanEmpire(2006). ewen bowiewasuntilhisretirementin2007theE.P.WarrenPraelectorinClassics atCorpusChristiCollegeandProfessorofClassicalLanguagesandLiteratureat theUniversityofOxford.Hehaspublishedextensively,foralmostfortyyears,on thenovelsandtheliterarycultureofRomanGreece.Heispreparingacommentary onLongus’DaphnisandChloe. joan b. burtonisProfessorandChairofClassicalStudiesatTrinityUniversity, SanAntonio.ShehaspublishedTheocritus’sUrbanMimes:Mobility,Gender,and Patronage(1995)andAByzantineNovel:DrosillaandCharikles,aBilingualEdi- tion (2004), as well as articles and book chapters on Hellenistic and Byzantine literatureandculture. catherine connorsisAssociateProfessorintheDepartmentofClassicsatthe UniversityofWashington,Seattle,andistheauthorofPetroniusthePoet:Verse andLiteraryTraditionintheSatyricon(1998).Shehasalsopublishedarticleson theancientnovelanditsreception,andonRomanepic,comedyandsatire.Her current research focuses on representations of nature and geography in literary texts. massimo fusilloisProfessorofLiteraryCriticismandComparativeLiterature at the University of L’Aquila. His interests range from ancient narrative to the modernreceptionofclassicalliteratures.HehaswrittenontheGreeknovel(espe- ciallyIlromanzogreco:polifoniaederos(1989;Frenchtranslation1991))andon thereceptionofGreekmyth(LaGreciasecondoPasolini:Mitoecinema(1996); Ildioibrido:DionisoeleBaccantinelNovecento(2006)). viii Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 notes on contributors simon goldhillisProfessorofGreekatCambridgeUniversity.Hehaswritten widely on all aspects of Greek literature, including Foucault’s Virginity: Ancient EroticFictionandtheHistoryofSexuality(1995),andisparticularlyinterestedin therelationbetweenliterature,culturalhistoryandliterarytheory. stephen harrisonis Fellow and Tutor in Classics at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and Professor of Classical Languages and Literature in the University of Oxford. He has written widely on the Roman novels; he is editor of Oxford Readings in the Roman Novel (1999), and author of Apuleius: a Latin Sophist (2000). richard hunterisRegiusProfessorofGreekattheUniversityofCambridgeand aFellowofTrinityCollege.Hisresearchinterestsincludeancientliterarycriticism, theGreekandLatinnovel,andHellenisticpoetryanditsreceptioninRome.His mostrecentbooksarePlato’sSymposium(2004),(withMarcoFantuzzi)Tradition and Innovation in Hellenistic Poetry (2004), and The Shadow of Callimachus (2006). lawrence kimis Assistant Professor of Classics at the University of Texas at Austin. His research focuses on imperial Greek literature as well as ancient lit- erarycriticism,andheiscurrentlycompletingabookonthereadingofHomerin thesecondsophistic. jason ko¨nigis Senior Lecturer in Greek at the University of St Andrews. His publicationsincludeAthleticsandLiteratureintheRomanEmpire(2005),Order- ingKnowledgeintheRomanEmpire(2007,jointlyeditedwithTimWhitmarsh), and a wide range of articles on the Greek literature and culture of the Roman world. He is currently working on a book on representations of consumption and the symposium in Greco-Roman and Christian fiction in the first to fifth centuriesce. andrew lairdisReaderinClassicalLiteratureattheUniversityofWarwick.He haspublishedwidelyonRomanandrenaissanceLatinpoetry,theancientnoveland classicalandcontemporaryliterarytheory,includingthephilosophyoffiction.He isauthorofPowersofExpression,ExpressionsofPower:SpeechPresentationand LatinLiterature(1999),andhehaseditedAncientLiteraryCriticism(2006)and (withAhuviaKahane)ACompaniontothePrologueofApuleius’Metamorphoses (2001). His most recent book, The Epic of America: an Introduction to Rafael Landı´varandtheRusticatioMexicana(2006)drawsattentiontotherichtradition ofwritinginLatinfromcolonialSpanishAmerica. helen moralesis Senior Lecturer in Classics at the University of Cambridge, andaFellowofNewnhamCollege.Aspecialistintheancientnovelandingen- derpolitics,sheisco-editorofIntratextuality:GreekandRomantextualrelations (2000) and author of Vision and narrative in Achilles Tatius, Leucippe and Cli- tophon(2004)andClassicalmythology:Averyshortintroduction(2007).Sheis alsoco-editoroftheliteraryjournalRamus. ix Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 notes on contributors john morganis Professor of Classics at the University of Wales Swansea, and has published widely in the area of ancient fiction. His edition and commen- tary of Daphnis and Chloe was published by Aris and Phillips in 2004. He was also responsible for the translation of Heliodorus in B. P. Reardon’s Collected AncientGreekNovels(1989).HeiscurrentlyworkingonbooksonLongusand Heliodorus. michael reeveheld (from 1984 to 2006) the Kennedy chair of Latin at Cam- bridge,whereheisnowaDirectorofResearchintheFacultyofClassics.Hehas published editions of Daphnis and Chloe (1982), Cicero’s speech Pro Quinctio, andVegetius’Epitomareimilitaris,andarticlesonthetransmissionofLatinand Greek authors. He is currently editing Geoffrey of Monmouth and studying the transmissionofPliny’sNaturalHistory. james rommistheJamesH.OttawayJrProfessorofClassicsatBardCollegein Annandale, New York. He specialises in ancient geography and ethnography, in particulartheareaswherethesefieldsoverlapwithfictionandhistoriography.Heis currentlyeditingArrian’sAnabasisfortheLandmarkSeriesofAncientHistorians. gerald sandyis Professor Emeritus of Classics at the University of British Columbia. His research has focused on various aspects, including reception, of the ancient Greek and Latin novels: his publications have ranged broadly, from Heliodorus(1982)toaneditedcollectionTheClassicalHeritageinFrance(2002). More recently he has published on late antiquity, the renaissance reception of Apuleius,andPhilippoBeroaldo. susan stephensis Professor of Classics at Stanford University. She has written widelyonHellenisticandGreco-Romanliterature,cultureandpapyri.WithJack Winkler she edited Ancient Greek Novels: the Fragments (1995); more recent publicationsincludeSeeingDouble:InterculturalPoeticsinPtolemaicAlexandria (2003). She is currently completing a project on Callimachus and (with Phiroze Vasunia)editingacollectiononclassicsandnationalcultures. tim whitmarshisE.P.WarrenPraelectorinClassicsatCorpusChristiandLec- turerinGreekLanguageandLiteratureattheUniversityofOxford;until2007he wasProfessorofAncientLiteraturesattheUniversityofExeter.Hehaspublished widely on the Greek literature of the Roman period, including Greek Literature andtheRomanEmpire:thePoliticsofImitation(2001)andTheSecondSophis- tic(2005).HeiscurrentlyfinishingabookonnarrativeandidentityintheGreek novel;futureplansincludeworkonlinksbetweenGreco-Romanandnear-Eastern narrative. froma zeitlinis Charles Ewing Professor in the Department of Classics at PrincetonUniversity;shealsoteachesinJewishStudiesandComparativeLitera- ture.ShehaswrittenextensivelyonGreekandRomancultureforoverfortyyears, including important publications on Petronius (1971) and more recently on the Greeknovel.Otherpublicationsincludetheco-editedvolumesBeforeSexuality? x Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008