T C C HE AMBRIDGE OMPANION TO THE ANCIENT GREEK ECONOMY S This is the most comprehensive introduction to the ancient Greek economy availableinEnglish.Ateamofhighlydistinguishedspecialistsprovidesinnon- technical language cutting-edge accounts of a wide range of key themes in economic history, explaining how ancient Greek economies functioned and changed, and why they were stable and successful over long periods of time. Throughitswidegeographicalperspective,reachingfromtheAegeanandthe Black Sea to the Near East and Egypt under Greek rule, it reflects on how economic behaviour and institutions were formed and transformed under different political, ecological, and social circumstances, and how they inter- actedandcommunicatedoverlargedistances.Withchaptersonclimateandthe environment, market development, inequality, and growth, it encourages comparisons with other periods of time and cultures, thus being of interest not just to ancient historians but also to readers concerned with economic culturesandglobaleconomicissues. SittavonReden isProfessorof AncientHistoryat theUniversity of Freiburg. HerpreviousbooksincludeExchangeinAncientGreece(1995),MoneyinPtolemaic Egypt (2007), and Money in Classical Antiquity (2010). In 2017, she won an Advanced Grant from the European Research Council for a global economic history project entitled ‘Beyond the Silk Road: Exchange, Economic Development and Inter-Imperial Relationships in the Afro-Eurasian World Region(300bce–300ce)’. T C C HE AMBRIDGE OMPANION TO THE ANCIENT GREEK ECONOMY S Edited by S R ITTA VON EDEN UniversityofFreiburg UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridgecb28bs,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,ny10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,vic3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre, NewDelhi–110025,India 103PenangRoad,#05–06/07,VisioncrestCommercial,Singapore238467 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108417266 doi:10.1017/9781108265249 ©CambridgeUniversityPress2022 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2022 AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData names:Reden,Sittavon,editor. title:TheCambridgecompaniontotheancientGreekeconomy/editedbySittavon Reden,Albert-Ludwigs-UniversitätFreiburg,Germany. description:1Edition.|NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,[2022]|Series: Cambridgecompanionstotheancientworld|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. identifiers:lccn2022005640(print)|lccn2022005641(ebook)|isbn9781108417266 (hardback)|isbn9781108404846(paperback)|isbn9781108265249(ebook) subjects:lcsh:Greece–Economicconditions.|Greece–History.|History,Ancient.| BISAC:HISTORY/Ancient/General classification:lcchc293.c362022(print)|lcchc293(ebook)|ddc330.938–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2022005640 LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2022005641 isbn978-1-108-41726-6Hardback isbn978-1-108-40484-6Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. C ONTENTS S ListofMaps pageviii NotesontheContributors ix ListofAbbreviations xiv Maps xix 1 Introduction 1 SITTA VON REDEN P D P 13 ART I IACHRONIC ERSPECTIVES 2 EarlyIronAgeEconomies 15 IRENE S. LEMOS 3 TheArchaicPeriod 29 HANS VAN WEES 4 TheClassicalPeriod 49 EMILY MACKIL 5 HellenisticEconomies 61 SITTA VON REDEN P R P 75 ART II EGIONAL ERSPECTIVES 6 AsiaMinor 77 ANDREAS VICTOR WALSER 7 NorthernGreeceandtheBlackSea 94 ZOSIA H. ARCHIBALD 8 AthensandtheAegean 106 SYLVIAN FACHARD AND ALAIN BRESSON v CONTENTS 9 EgyptandthePtolemaicEmpire 124 CHRISTELLE FISCHER-BOVET 10 HellenisticBabylonia 139 HILMAR KLINKOTT P S P 151 ART III TRUCTURES AND ROCESSES 11 Population 153 BEN AKRIGG 12 Consumption,Nutrition,andtheGrainSupply 172 JOHN WILKINS 13 TheAgriculturalEconomy 186 DANIEL JEW 14 TheNon-AgriculturalEconomy:Artisans,Traders, Women,andSlaves 202 DANIEL JEW 15 Markets 221 ALAIN BRESSON 16 Money,Credit,andBanking 237 DAVID M. SCHAPS 17 DisputeResolution 250 KAJA HARTER-UIBOPUU 18 TaxationandTribute 264 ANDREW MONSON P N 279 ART IV ETWORKS 19 ReligiousNetworks 281 VÉRONIQUE CHANKOWSKI 20 MonetaryNetworks 298 PETER VAN ALFEN 21 SocialNetworks,AssociationsandTrade 313 VINCENT GABRIELSEN vi CONTENTS P P 329 ART V ERFORMANCE TheoreticalApproaches 331 22 PoliticalEconomyandtheGrowthof MarketsandCapital 331 ARMIN EICH 23 NewInstitutionalEconomics,EconomicGrowth, andInstitutionalChange 347 SITTA VON REDEN AND BARBARA KOWALZIG 24 Regionalism,Federalism,andMediterraneanConnectivity 360 EMILY MACKIL EmpiricalApproaches 373 25 Climate,Environment,andResources 373 STURT W. MANNING 26 TechnologicalProgress 392 SERAFINA CUOMO 27 Inequality 404 JOSIAH OBER AND WALTER SCHEIDEL References 421 Index 478 vii M APS S 0.1 GreeceandtheAegean pagexix 0.2 TheBlackSea xx 0.3 AsiaMinor xxi 0.4 Egypt xxii 0.5 BabyloniaandSeleucidIran xxiii viii N C OTES ON THE ONTRIBUTORS S BEN AKRIGG is Associate Professor in the Department of Classics at theUniversityofToronto.HeistheauthorofPopulationandEconomy inClassicalAthens(2019)andtheco-editor,withRobTordoff(York University),ofSlavesandSlaveryinAncientGreekComicDrama(2013). ZOSIA H. ARCHIBALD teaches Ancient History and Classical Archaeology at the University of Liverpool. She has co-directed fieldwork at two key urban sites, Adziyska Vodenitsa (ancient Pistirus), central Bulgaria (1999–2013), and Olynthus, Chalcidice (2014–19). Her most recent book is The Power of Individual and Community in Ancient Athens and Beyond: Essays in Honour of John K.Davies(2019),editedwithJanHaywood. ALAINBRESSONisProfessorattheUniversityofChicago.Heisthe author of La cité marchande (2001) and of The Making of the Ancient GreekEconomy(2016),andheispreparinganewbookontheroleof moneyinancientGreece. VÉRONIQUE CHANKOWSKI is Director of the French School of AthensandProfessorofAncientEconomyandAegeanHistoryatthe University of Lyon 2. As an epigraphist who also works with arch- aeological sources, she has published several studies on the ancient Greek economy. Her most recent book is Parasites du dieu. Comptables,financiersetcommerçantsdanslaDéloshellénistique(2019). SERAFINA CUOMO is Professor of Ancient History at Durham University.Shehaswrittenonthehistoryofmathematicsandtech- nologyinantiquity.Sheiscurrentlycompletingabookonnumeracy inancientGreeceandRome. ARMIN EICH is Professor of Ancient History at the University of Wuppertal and has published a comprehensive monograph on the ancient Greek economy, Die politische Ökonomie des antiken ix NOTES ONTHECONTRIBUTORS Griechenland(2006).Hismaininterestsincludethehistoryofancient economies, especially the interdependence of fiscal, economic, pol- itical,andmilitarystructures,warandpeaceinantiquity,andancient literatureandepigraphy. SYLVIAN FACHARD is Professor of Classical Archaeology at the University of Lausanne and Director of the Swiss School of Archaeology in Greece. He published La défense du territoire (2012) andispreparingabookonthebordersofAtticawhileworkingonthe publicationoftheMaziArchaeologicalProject(Attica). CHRISTELLE FISCHER-BOVET is Associate Professor of Classics andHistoryattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Shespecialises in the social and cultural history of the eastern Mediterranean from AlexandertheGreattotheRomans,withaspecialinterestinGreco- Roman Egypt. Her book Army and Society in Ptolemaic Egypt (2014) combines documentary evidence with social theory to examine the role of the army in Hellenistic Egypt. She also co-edited with Sitta von Reden Comparing the Ptolemaic and Seleucid Empires, Integration, CommunicationandResistance(2021). VINCENTGABRIELSENisProfessorofAncientHistoryattheSaxo Institute of the University of Copenhagen and a member of the RoyalDanishAcademyofSciencesandLetters.Hisresearchinterests include economic and maritime history and the history of private associations. KAJA HARTER-UIBOPUU earned her PhD at the University of Graz, subsequently working at the Department of Roman Law and Legal History as well as at the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna. Since 2015, she has been Professor of Ancient History at the University of Hamburg. She has published widely on Greek epigraphy and ancient legal history, especially concerning the Law ofProcedureintheGreekpoleis. DANIELJEWisSeniorLecturerinHistoryandDirectorofStudiesat the College ofAlice & Peter Tan within the National University of Singapore. He is co-editor of M. I. Finley: An Ancient Historian and His Impact (2016) and author of a forthcoming monograph, The ProbablePast:AgricultureandCarryingCapacityinAncientGreece. HILMAR KLINKOTT is Professor of Ancient History at the University of Kiel. His main fields of research are the history and administrationoftheAchaemenid,Ptolemaic,andSeleucidempires. x