This page intentionally left blank TheCambridgeCompaniontoGoethe The Cambridge Companion to Goethe provides a challenging yet accessible surveyofthisversatilefigure,notonlyoneoftheworld’sgreatestwritersbut alsoatheatredirectorandartcritic,anaturalscientistandstateadministrator. ThevolumeplacesGoetheinthecontextoftheGermanyandEuropeofhis lifetime.Hisliteraryworkiscoveredinindividualchaptersonpoetry,drama (with a separate chapter on Faust), prose fiction and autobiography. Other chaptersdealwithhisworkintheWeimarTheatre,hisfriendshipwithSchiller, his scientific studies and writings, his engagement with the visual arts, with religionandphilosophy,thecontroversiessurroundinghispoliticalstandpoint andtheimpactoffeministcriticism.Awide-rangingsurveyofreceptioninside andoutsideGermanyandanextensiveguidetofurtherreadingroundoffthis volume,whichwillappealtostudentsandspecialistsalike. CAMBRIDGE COMPANIONS TO LITERATURE TheCambridgeCompaniontoGreek TheCambridgeCompanionto Tragedy Nineteenth-CenturyAmericanWomen’s editedbyP.E.Easterling Writing TheCambridgeCompaniontoOldEnglish editedbyDaleM.BauerandPhilipGould Literature TheCambridgeCompaniontotheClassic editedbyMalcolmGoddenand RussianNovel MichaelLapidge editedbyMalcolmV.Jonesand TheCambridgeCompaniontoMedieval RobinFeuerMiller Romance TheCambridgeCompaniontotheFrench editedbyRobertaL.Kreuger Novel:from1800tothepresent TheCambridgeCompaniontoMedieval editedbyTimothyUnwin EnglishTheatre TheCambridgeCompaniontoModernism editedbyRichardBeadle editedbyMichaelLevenson TheCambridgeCompaniontoEnglish TheCambridgeCompaniontoAustralian RenaissanceDrama Literature editedbyA.R.Braunmullerand editedbyElizabethWebby MichaelHattaway TheCambridgeCompaniontoAmerican TheCambridgeCompaniontoRenaissance WomenPlaywrights Humanism editedbyBrendaMurphy editedbyJillKraye TheCambridgeCompaniontoModern TheCambridgeCompaniontoEnglish BritishWomenPlaywrights Poetry,DonnetoMarvell editedbyElaineAstonandJanelleReinelt editedbyThomasN.Corns TheCambridgeCompaniontoVirgil TheCambridgeCompaniontoEnglish editedbyCharlesMartindale Literature,1500–1600 TheCambridgeCompaniontoOvid editedbyArthurF.Kinney editedbyPhilipHardie TheCambridgeCompaniontoEnglish TheCambridgeCompaniontoDante Literature,1650–1740 editedbyRachelJacoff editedbyStevenN.Zwicker TheCambridgeCompaniontoGoethe TheCambridgeCompaniontoWritingofthe editedbyLesleySharpe EnglishRevolution editedbyN.H.Keeble TheCambridgeCompaniontoProust editedbyRichardBales TheCambridgeCompaniontoEnglish RestorationTheatre TheCambridgeCompaniontoThomas editedbyDeborahC.PayneFisk Mann editedbyRitchieRobertson TheCambridgeCompaniontoBritish Romanticism TheCambridgeCompaniontoChekhov editedbyStuartCurran editedbyVeraGottliebandPaulAllain TheCambridgeCompanionto TheCambridgeCompaniontoIbsen Eighteenth-CenturyPoetry editedbyJamesMcFarlane editedbyJohnSitter TheCambridgeCompaniontoBrecht TheCambridgeCompaniontothe editedbyPeterThomsonandGlendyrSacks Eighteenth-CenturyNovel TheCambridgeChaucerCompanion editedbyJohnRichetti editedbyPieroBoitaniandJillMann TheCambridgeCompaniontoVictorian TheCambridgeCompaniontoShakespeare Poetry editedbyMargaretadeGraziaand editedbyJosephBristow StanleyWells TheCambridgeCompaniontothe TheCambridgeCompaniontoShakespeare VictorianNovel onFilm editedbyDeirdreDavid editedbyRussellJackson TheCambridgeCompaniontoAmerican TheCambridgeCompaniontoShakepeare RealismandNaturalism Comedy editedbyDonaldPizer editedbyAlexanderLeggatt TheCambridgeCompaniontoSpenser TheCambridgeCompaniontoBeckett editedbyAndrewHadfield editedbyJohnPilling TheCambridgeCompaniontoBenJonson TheCambridgeCompaniontoHaroldPinter editedbyRichardHarpandStanleyStewart editedbyPeterRaby TheCambridgeCompaniontoMilton TheCambridgeCompaniontoTomStoppard editedbyDennisDanielson editedbyKatherineE.Kelly TheCambridgeCompaniontoSamuel TheCambridgeCompaniontoHerman Johnson Melville editedbyGregClingham editedbyRobertS.Levine TheCambridgeCompaniontoKeats TheCambridgeCompaniontoEdith editedbySusanJ.Wolfson Wharton TheCambridgeCompaniontoJaneAusten editedbyMillicentBell editedbyEdwardCopelandand TheCambridgeCompaniontoHenryJames JulietMcMaster editedbyJonathanFreedman TheCambridgeCompaniontoCharlesDickens TheCambridgeCompaniontoWalt editedbyJohnO.Jordan Whitman TheCambridgeCompaniontoGeorgeEliot editedbyEzraGreenspan editedbyGeorgeLevine TheCambridgeCompaniontoHenry TheCambridgeCompaniontoThomas DavidThoreau Hardy editedbyJoelMyerson editedbyDaleKramer TheCambridgeCompaniontoMarkTwain TheCambridgeCompaniontoOscarWilde editedbyForrestG.Robinson editedbyPeterRaby TheCambridgeCompaniontoWilliam TheCambridgeCompaniontoGeorge Faulkner BernardShaw editedbyPhilipM.Weinstein editedbyChristopherInnes TheCambridgeCompaniontoErnest TheCambridgeCompaniontoJoseph Hemingway Conrad editedbyScottDonaldson editedbyJ.H.Stape TheCambridgeCompaniontoF.Scott TheCambridgeCompaniontoD.H. Fitzgerald Lawrence editedbyRuthPrigozy editedbyAnneFernihough TheCambridgeCompaniontoRobertFrost TheCambridgeCompaniontoVirginia editedbyRobertFaggen Woolf TheCambridgeCompaniontoEugeneO’Neill editedbySueRoeandSusanSellers editedbyMichaelManheim TheCambridgeCompaniontoJamesJoyce TheCambridgeCompaniontoTennessee editedbyDerekAttridge Williams TheCambridgeCompaniontoT.S.Eliot editedbyMatthewC.Roudane´ editedbyA.DavidMoody TheCambridgeCompaniontoArthurMiller TheCambridgeCompaniontoEzraPound editedbyChristopherBigsby editedbyIraB.Nadel CAMBRIDGE COMPANIONS TO CULTURE TheCambridgeCompaniontoModern TheCambridgeCompaniontoModern GermanCulture SpanishCulture editedbyEvaKolinskyand editedbyDavidT.Gies WilfriedvanderWill TheCambridgeCompaniontoModern TheCambridgeCompaniontoModern ItalianCulture RussianCulture editedbyZygmuntG.Baranskiand editedbyNicholasRzhevsky RebeccaJ.West THE CAMBRIDGE COMPANION TO GOETHE EDITED BY LESLEY SHARPE cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb22ru,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Informationo nthi stitle :www.cambri dge.org/9780521662116 © Cambridge University Press 2002 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionandtotheprovisionof relevantcollectivelicensingagreements,noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplace withoutthewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublishedinprintformat 2002 isbn-13 978-0-511-22190-3 eBook (Adobe Reader) isbn-10 0-511-22190-8 eBook (Adobe Reader) isbn-13 978-0-521-66211-6 hardback isbn-10 0-521-66211-7 hardback isbn-13 978-0-521-66560-5 paperback isbn-10 0-521-66560-4 paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyofurls forexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication,anddoesnot guaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. CONTENTS Listofcontributors pageix Acknowledgements x Listofabbreviations xi Chronology xiii Introduction 1 lesley sharpe 1 TheworldGoethelivedin:GermanyandEurope,1750–1830 6 thomas p. saine 2 Goethethewriterandliteraryhistory 23 nicholas saul 3 Goethethepoet 42 john r. williams 4 Goethethedramatist 66 david v. pugh 5 Faust 84 jane k. brown 6 WeimarClassicism:Goethe’salliancewithSchiller 101 t. j. reed 7 GoetheandtheWeimartheatre 116 lesley sharpe vii contents 8 Goethe’sprosefiction 129 martin swales 9 Autobiographicalwritings 147 dennis f. mahoney 10 Indefenceofexperience:Goethe’snaturalinvestigations andscientificculture 160 daniel steuer 11 Goetheandgender 179 barbara becker-cantarino 12 Goetheandthevisualarts 193 beate allert 13 Goetheandthepoliticalworld 207 w. daniel wilson 14 Religionandphilosophy 219 h. b. nisbet 15 ReceptioninGermanyandabroad 232 gerhart hoffmeister Aguidetofurtherreading 256 Generalindex 268 IndexofGoethe’sworks 275 viii