thecambridgecompanion to CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHICAL THEOLOGY ThisCompanionoffersanup-to-dateoverviewofthebeliefs,doctrines, and practices of the key philosophical concepts at the heart of Chris- tian theology. The sixteen chapters, commissioned specially for this volume, are written by an internationally recognized team of schol- arsandexaminetopicssuchastheTrinity,God’snecessaryexistence, simplicity, omnipotence, omniscience, omnipresence, goodness, eter- nityandprovidence,theincarnation,resurrection,atonement,sinand salvation, the problem of evil, church rites, revelation and miracles, prayer,andtheafterlife.Writteninnontechnical,accessiblelanguage, theynotonlyofferasynthesisofscholarshiponthesetopicsbutalso suggestquestionsandtopicsforfurtherinvestigation. CharlesTaliaferroisprofessorofphilosophyatSt.OlafCollegeinMin- nesota.Heistheauthorandeditorofseveralbooks,includingEvidence andFaith:PhilosophyandReligionsincetheSeventeenthCenturyand ConsciousnessandtheMindofGod. Chad Meister is professor of philosophy at Bethel College in Indiana. Heistheauthor,mostrecently,ofIntroducingPhilosophyofReligion andEvil:AGuideforthePerplexed,amongmanyothertitlesthathe hasauthored,coauthored,andedited. cambridgecompanions toreligion Thisisaseriesofcompanionstomajortopicsandkeyfiguresintheologyand religiousstudies.Eachvolumecontainsspeciallycommissionedchaptersby internationalscholarswhichprovideanaccessibleandstimulatingintroduction tothesubjectfornewreadersandnonspecialists. Othertitlesintheseries americanjudaism EditedbyDanaEvanKaplan karlbarth EditedbyJohnWebster thebible,2ndedition EditedbyBruceChilton biblicalinterpretation EditedbyJohnBarton dietrichbonhoeffer EditedbyJohndeGruchy johncalvin EditedbyDonalK.McKim christian doctrine EditedbyColinGunton christian ethics EditedbyRobinGill jonathan edwards EditedbyStephenJ.Stein feministtheology EditedbySusanFrankParsons thejesuits EditedbyThomasWorcester jesus EditedbyMarkusBockmuehl liberationtheology EditedbyChrisRowland martinluther EditedbyDonaldK.McKim medievaljewishphilosophy EditedbyDanielH.FrankandOliverLeaman modernjewishphilosophy EditedbyMichaelL.MorganandPeterEliGordon postmoderntheology EditedbyKevinJ.Vanhoozer thequr’an EditedbyJaneDammenMcAuliffe ContinuedaftertheIndex the cambridge companion to CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHICAL THEOLOGY Edited by Charles Taliaferro St.OlafCollege Chad Meister BethelCollege cambridgeuniversitypress Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore, Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,Dubai,Tokyo CambridgeUniversityPress 32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,ny10013-2473,usa www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521730372 (cid:2)c CambridgeUniversityPress2010 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2010 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData TheCambridgecompaniontoChristianphilosophicaltheology/editedby CharlesTaliaferro,ChadMeister. p. cm.–(Cambridgecompanionstoreligion) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn978-0-521-51433-0(hardback)–isbn978-0-521-73037-2(pbk.) 1.Philosophicaltheology. I.Taliaferro,Charles. II.Meister,Chad,1965– III.Title:Christianphilosophicaltheology. IV.Series. bt40.c28 2010 230.01–dc22 2009022573 isbn978-0-521-51433-0Hardback isbn978-0-521-73037-2Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofurlsforexternalorthird-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtoin thispublicationanddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchWebsitesis, orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Contents Contributors pageix Acknowledgments xi Introduction xiii PartI God 1 Trinity 3 ronaldj.feenstra 2 Necessity 15 brianleftow 3 Simplicity 31 briandavies 4 Omnipotence,omniscience,andomnipresence 46 williamj.wainwright 5 Goodness 66 johne.hare 6 Eternityandprovidence 81 williamhasker PartII Godinrelationtocreation 7 Incarnation 95 katherina.rogers 8 Resurrection 108 stephent.davis 9 Atonement 124 gordongraham 10 Sinandsalvation 136 paulk.moser 11 Theproblemofevil 152 chadmeister vii viii Contents 12 Church 170 williamj.abraham 13 Religiousrites 183 charlestaliaferro 14 Revelationandmiracles 201 thomasd.sullivanandsandramenssen 15 Prayer 216 harrietharris 16 Heavenandhell 238 jerryl.walls SelectBibliography 253 Index 259 Contributors WilliamJ.AbrahamisAlbertCookOutlerProfessorofWesleyStudiesandAlt- shulerDistinguishedTeachingProfessoratPerkinsSchoolofTheology,Southern MethodistUniversity. BrianDaviesisProfessorofPhilosophy,FordhamUniversity. Stephen T. Davis is Russell K. Pitzer Professor of Philosophy, Claremont McKennaCollege. RonaldJ.FeenstraisHeritageProfessorofSystematicandPhilosophicalTheol- ogy,CalvinTheologicalSeminary. GordonGrahamisHenryLuceIIIProfessorofPhilosophyandtheArts,Princeton TheologicalSeminary. JohnE.Hare isNoahPorterProfessorofPhilosophicalTheology,YaleDivinity School. HarrietHarrisisMemberoftheFacultyofTheology,UniversityofOxford,and ChaplainofWadhamCollege,Oxford. WilliamHaskerisProfessorEmeritusofPhilosophy,HuntingtonUniversity. Brian Leftow is Nolloth Professor of the Philosophy of the Christian Religion, OxfordUniversity. ChadMeisterisProfessorofPhilosophy,BethelCollege. SandraMenssenisProfessorofPhilosophy,UniversityofSt.Thomas. PaulK.MoserisProfessorandChairofPhilosophy,LoyolaUniversityChicago. KatherinA.RogersisProfessor,UniversityofDelaware. ThomasD.SullivanisAquinasChairinPhilosophyandTheology,Universityof St.Thomas. CharlesTaliaferroisProfessorofPhilosophy,St.OlafCollege. WilliamJ.WainwrightisDistinguishedProfessorofPhilosophyEmeritus,Uni- versityofWisconsin-Milwaukee. JerryL.WallsisSeniorResearchFellowintheCenterforPhilosophyofReligion, UniversityofNotreDame. ix