the cambridge companion to BERTRAND RUSSELL Each volume in this series of companions to major philosophers contains specially commissioned essays by an international team of scholars, together with a substantial bibliography,andwillserveasareferenceworkforstudents andnon-specialists.Oneaimoftheseriesistodispelthein- timidationsuchreadersoftenfeelwhenfacedwiththework ofadifficultandchallengingthinker. Bertrand Russell ranks as one of the giants of twentieth- century philosophy. Through his books, journalism, corre- spondence, and political activity he exerted a profound in- fluence on modern thought. This companion centers on Russell’scontributionstomodernphilosophyand,therefore, concentratesontheearlypartofhiscareer.Therearechap- ters on Russell’s contributions to the foundations of math- ematics and on his development of new logical methods in philosophyandtheirapplicationtosuchfieldsasepistemol- ogy,metaphysics,andthephilosophyoflanguage.Theintel- lectual background to his work is covered, as is his engage- ment with such contemporaries as Frege and G. E. Moore. ThefinalchapterconsidersRussellasamoralphilosopher. New readers will find this the most convenient and acces- sibleguidetoRussellavailable.Advancedstudentsandspe- cialistswillfindaconspectusofrecentdevelopmentsinthe interpretationofRussell. NicholasGriffinisCanadaResearchChairinPhilosophyand DirectoroftheBertrandRussellResearchCentre,McMaster University. other volumes in the series of cambridge companions: AQUINAS Editedbynorman kretzmannand eleonore stump HANNAH ARENDT Editedbydanavilla ARISTOTLE Editedbyjonathanbarnes AUGUSTINE Editedbyeleonorestumpand normankretzmann BACON Editedbymarkkupeltonen DESCARTES Editedbyjohncottingham DUNS SCOTUS Editedbythomas williams EARLY GREEK PHILOSOPHY Editedbya. a. long FEMINISM IN PHILOSOPHY Editedbymiranda frickerandjenniferhornsby FOUCAULT Editedbygarygutting FREUD Editedbyjeromeneu GADAMER Editedbyrobertdostal GALILEO Editedbypetermachamer GERMAN IDEALISM Editedbykarlameriks HABERMAS Editedbystephen k. white HEGEL Editedbyfrederickbeiser HEIDEGGER Editedbycharlesguignon HOBBES Editedbytomsorell HUME Editedbydavidfatenorton HUSSERL Editedbybarrysmithand davidwoodruffsmith WILLIAM JAMES Editedbyruthannaputnam KANT Editedbypaulguyer KIERKEGAARD Editedbyalastairhannayand gordonmarino LEIBNIZ Editedbynicholasjolley LOCKE Editedbyverechappell MALEBRANCHE Editedbystephennadler MARX Editedbyterrellcarver MILL Editedbyjohnskorupski NEWTON Editedbyi. bernardcohenand georgee.smith NIETZSCHE Editedbyberndmagnusand kathleenhiggins OCKHAM Editedbypaulvincentspade PLATO Editedbyrichardkraut PLOTINUS Editedbylloydp. gerson RAWLS Editedbysamuelfreeman ROUSSEAU Editedbypatrickriley SARTRE Editedbychristinahowells SCHOPENHAUER Editedbychristopher janaway SPINOZA Editedbydongarrett THE STOICS Editedbybradinwood WITTGENSTEIN Editedbyhansslugaand davidstern The Cambridge Companion to BERTRAND RUSSELL Edited by Nicholas Griffin McMasterUniversity    Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge  , United Kingdom Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521631785 © Cambridge University Press 2003 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2003 - ---- eBook (NetLibrary) - --- eBook (NetLibrary) - ---- hardback - --- hardback - ---- paperback - --- paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of s for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. contents Acknowledgments page ix List of Abbreviations Used in Citations xi List of Contributors xv Introduction 1 nicholas griffin 1 Mathematics in and behind Russell’s Logicism, and Its Reception 51 i. grattan-guinness 2 Russell’s Philosophical Background 84 nicholas griffin 3 Russell and Moore, 1898–1905 108 richard l. cartwright 4 Russell and Frege 128 michael beaney 5 Bertrand Russell’s Logicism 171 martin godwyn and andrew d. irvine 6 The Theory of Descriptions 202 peter hylton 7 Russell’s Substitutional Theory 241 gregory landini 8 The Theory of Types 286 alasdair urquhart vii viii contents 9 Russell’s Method of Analysis 310 paul hager 10 Russell’s Neutral Monism 332 r.e. tully 11 The Metaphysics of Logical Atomism 371 bernard linsky 12 Russell’s Structuralism and the Absolute Description of the World 392 william demopoulos 13 From Knowledge by Acquaintance to Knowledge by Causation 420 thomas baldwin 14 Russell, Experience, and the Roots of Science 449 a.c. grayling 15 Bertrand Russell: Moral Philosopher or Unphilosophical Moralist? 475 charles r. pigden Selective Bibliography 507 Index 541 acknowledgments I am very grateful to my contributors and their patience in what proved to be a much more time-consuming exercise than any of us anticipated. I benefited from discussing many of the papers in the volumewithDavidGodden.Forhelpwiththereferencesandbibli- ographyIamgratefultoAlisonRobertsMiculan,ElizabethSkakoon, MichaelPotter,andSarahShulist.Financialsupportformyresearch wasprovidedbytheSocialSciencesandHumanitiesResearchCoun- cilofCanada. ix