the cambridge companion to alexander pope AlexanderPopewasthegreatestpoetofhisageandthedominantinfluenceon eighteenth-century British poetry. His large oeuvre, written over a thirty-year period, encompasses satires, odes and political verse and reflects the sexual, moralandculturalissuesoftheworldaroundhim,ofteninbrilliantlinesand phraseswhichhavebecomepartofourlanguagetoday.Thisisthefirstoverview to analyse the full range of Pope’s work and to set it in its historical and cul- turalcontext.Speciallycommissionedessaysbyleadingscholarsexploreallof Pope’s major works, including the sexual politics of The Rape of the Lock, thephilosophicalenquiriesofAnEssayonManandtheMoralEssays,andthe mock-heroicofTheDunciadinitsvariousforms.Thisvolumewillbeindispens- able not only for students and scholars of Pope’s work, but also for all those interestedintheAugustanage. pat rogers isDeBartoloChairintheLiberalArtsattheUniversityofSouth Florida. THE CAMBRIDGE COMPANION TO ALEXANDER POPE EDITED BY PAT ROGERS cambridge university press Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb28ru,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521549448 (cid:2)C CambridgeUniversityPress2007 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2007 PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary isbn978-0-521-84013-2hardback isbn978-0-521-54944-8paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. CONTENTS Listofillustrations page vii Notesoncontributors viii Listofabbreviations xii AlexanderPopechronology xiii 1 Introduction pat rogers 1 Pope,self,andworld 14 helen deutsch 2 Pope’sfriendsandenemies:fightingwithshadows 25 david nokes 3 Pope’sversificationandvoice 37 john sitter 4 Poeticspaces 49 cynthia wall 5 Pope’sHomerandhispoeticcareer 63 steven shankman 6 Popeandtheclassics 76 howard d. weinbrot 7 PopeandtheElizabethans 89 david fairer v contents 8 PopeinArcadia:pastoralanditsdissolution 105 pat rogers 9 Popeandideology 118 brian young 10 Popeandthepoetryofopposition 134 howard erskine-hill 11 Crimeandpunishment 150 paul baines 12 Landscapesandestates 161 malcolm kelsall 13 Money 175 catherine ingrassia 14 Popeandthebooktrade 186 james mclaverty 15 Popeandgender 198 valerie rumbold 16 Medicineandthebody 210 george rousseau 17 Popeandtheother 222 laura brown 237 Furtherreading 247 Index vi ILLUSTRATIONS 1. “Solthro’whiteCurtainsshotatim’rousRay.”Frontispieceto Cantoi,TheRapeoftheLock(1714),courtesyofSpecial Collections,UniversityofVirginiaLibrary. page53 2. “BooksandtheManIsing.”TheDunciadVariorum(1729), BooktheFirst,courtesyofSpecialCollections,Universityof VirginiaLibrary. 60 3. Pope’svillaatTwickenham,afterthepaintingbyPeterAndreas Rysbrack,engravedbyNathanielParr(1735). 163 4. AplanofPope’sgardenatTwickenhambyJohnSerle,his gardener(1745). 167 vii NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS paul bainesis Professor in the School of English, University of Liverpool. His publicationsincludeTheHouseofForgeryinEighteenth-CenturyBritain(1999), The Complete Critical Guide to Alexander Pope (2000), The Long Eighteenth Century(2004),severalarticlesintheOxfordDictionaryofNationalBiography, andanumberofarticlesonpoetry,crime,andpunishmentintheearlyeighteenth century.HisbiographyoftheroguebooksellerEdmundCurll,co-writtenwithPat Rogers,appearedin2007. laura brownisJohnWendellAndersonProfessorofEnglishatCornellUniversity and author of Fables of Modernity: Literature and Culture in the English Eigh- teenthCentury(2001),EndsofEmpire:WomenandIdeologyinEarlyEighteenth- CenturyEnglishLiterature(1993),RereadingLiterature:AlexanderPope(1985), and English Dramatic Form 1660–1760: An Essay in Generic History (1981), as well as co-editor, with Felicity Nussbaum, of The New Eighteenth Century: Theory-Politics-EnglishLiterature(1987). helen deutschisProfessorofEnglishatUCLAandtheauthorofResemblance andDisgrace:AlexanderPopeandtheDeformationofCulture(1996),andLoving Dr.Johnson(2005),aswellasco-editorofDefects:EngenderingtheModernBody (2000).ShehasrecentlyreturnedtoPope’sworkasoneofthefocusesofanew book project on gendered subjectivity, embodiment, and intimate literary forms suchastheessayandtheverseepistle. howard erskine-hillisaFellowofPembrokeCollege,Cambridge,andafor- merProfessorofLiteraryHistoryintheUniversityofCambridge.HeisaFellow oftheBritishAcademy.HismanyworksincludeTheSocialMilieuofAlexander Pope(1975)andaneditionofPope’sSelectedLetters(2000).Hehasalsowritten Poetry of Opposition and Revolution: Dryden to Wordsworth (1996) and, with EvelineCruickshanks,TheAtterburyPlot(2004). david fairerisProfessorofEighteenth-CenturyEnglishLiteratureattheUniver- sityofLeeds.HismostrecentbookisEnglishPoetryoftheEighteenthCentury, viii notes on contributors 1700–1789(2003).HeisalsotheauthorofPope’sImagination(1984),ThePoetry ofAlexanderPope(1989),andeditorofPope:NewContexts(1990),TheCorre- spondenceofThomasWarton(1995),andthefirstcompleteprintingofWarton’s HistoryofEnglishPoetry(1998).WithChristineGerrardhehaseditedEighteenth- CenturyPoetry:AnAnnotatedAnthology(secondedition,2004). catherine ingrassiaisProfessorofEnglishandAssociateDeanforAcademic Affairs at Virginia Commonwealth University. Her books include Authorship, CommerceandGenderinEighteenth-CenturyEngland:ACultureofPaperCredit (1998),“MoreSolidLearning”;NewPerspectivesonAlexanderPope’sDunciad, co-edited with Claudia Thomas (2000), and A Companion to the Eighteenth- CenturyNovelandCulture,co-editedwithPaulaR.Backscheider(2005).Sheis also the editor of Eliza Haywood’s Anti-Pamela and Fielding’s Shamela (2004), andapasteditorofStudiesinEighteenth-CenturyCulture. malcolm kelsallisProfessorEmeritusatCardiffUniversity.Hisprincipalpub- lications in the field of architectural and landscape iconography are The Great Good Place: The Country House and English Literature (1993), Jefferson and theIconographyofRomanticism:Folk,Land,CultureandtheRomanticNation (1999),andLiteraryRepresentationsoftheIrishCountryHouse:Civilisationand Savagery Under the Union (2003). He has taught at the universities of Cardiff, Exeter,OxfordandReadingandhasbeenvisitingProfessoratHiroshima,Paris, andWisconsin,andInternationalScholarinResidenceattheCenterforJefferson Studies,Charlottesville,Virginia. james mclavertyis Professor of English at Keele University. He has written widely on literary and bibliographical topics, including a book on Pope, Print andMeaning(2001).HerevisedandeditedforthepressDavidFoxon’slectures onPopeandtheEarlyEighteenth-CenturyBookTrade(1991),aswellasDavid Fleeman’sBibliographyoftheWorksofSamuelJohnson(2000). david nokesis Professor of English at King’s College London. He has written biographiesofJonathanSwift,JohnGay,andJaneAusten,andiscurrentlyworking on a tercentenary biography of Samuel Johnson, to be published in 2009. He hasalsowrittentelevisionprogrammesonSwiftandFrankenstein,adaptationsof ClarissaandTheTenantofWildfellHall,andanovel,TheNightingalePapers. pat rogersisDeBartoloProfessorintheLiberalArtsattheUniversityofSouth Florida,andtheauthorofseveralbooksonPopeandhiscontemporaries,including TheAlexanderPopeEncyclopedia(2004)andPopeandtheDestinyoftheStuarts (2005). Recent work includes a biography of Edmund Curll (2007), with Paul Baines,andaneditionofPope’smajorworksforOxfordWorld’sClassics(2006). ix