THE BUTTERFLY SPECIES (INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA: RHOPALOCERA) OF KINABALU PARK, SABAH Christoph L.·Hauser, Christian H. Schulze and Konrad Fiedler " ABSTRACT. -Compiled records of 625 butterfly species from the area of Kinabalu Park in Sabah, Malaysia, on northwestern Borneo are presented in asystematic arrangement. The list isbased on published records, unpublished specimen data, and field observations by the authors between 1993 and 1996. For each species, allrecording locations within the park are listed including some localities adjacent to the present park boundaries. The results are interpreted through comparison with the entire butterfly fauna of the island, and with data from two other areas within northern Borneo (Brunei: Kuala Belalong; Sarawak: Gunung Mulu). The species recorded at Kinabaiu Park together represent 66.7% of the Bornean butterfly fauna, with Pieridae reaching 90.5% and Lycaenidae 53.2%. For all groups, the species numbers found in Kinabalu Park are considerably higher than those from any of the other Bornean locations, which isprobably partly due to sampling effort. The importance of Mt. Kinabalu as aregional diversity hotspot for butterflies is stressed, and the need for more detailed studies with regard to conservation efforts is emphazised. Mount Kinabalu on Borneo, with Low's peak reaching 4,101 meters (13,455 feet), is the highest mountain in southeast Asia (between the Himalayas and New Guinea), and iswidely known for its outstandingly diverse flora and fauna (Whitehead, 1893; Luping et al., 1978; Frahm et al., 1990; Wong & Phillipps, 1996). For a long time the mountain has attracted individual collectors, as well as scientific expeditions and research projects directed towards the study of insects, in particular butterflies (Moulton, 1913; Enriquez, 1927; Pendlebury & Chasen, 1932; Barlow etal., 1971; Zaidi &Kayau, 1995). The butterfly fauna ofMt. Kinabalu can therefore be regarded as comparatively well surveyed, and the area certainly represents one of the most visited localities by entomologists on the island of Borneo. A first butterfly list based on observations during an expedition to Mt. Kinabalu in 1965 has already been c. L. Hauser -Staatliches Museum fUrNaturkunde, Rosenstein 1,D-70l9l Stuttgart, Germany. C. H.Schulze, K.Fiedler -Department ofAnimal Ecology I,University ofBayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. published (Holloway &Robinson, 1978), and other recent publications deal with thebutterflies of different parts of northern Borneo (Holloway, 1978; Cassidy, 1982; Holloway, 1984; Cassidy, 1985; Orr &Hauser, 1996), and the fauna of the entire island (Otsuka, 1988; Seki et aI., 1991; Maruyama & Otsuka, 1991). However, no up-to-date list is available for the butterfly species of Kinabalu Park (Taman Kinabalu), which today represents one of the largest remaining protected areas of montane forest in northern Borneo. The present paper intends to provide a first comprehensive check-list of all butterfly species that occur within the boundaries of Kinabalu Park, astate protected area established around the mountain more than twenty years ago. This list, which still must be regarded as tentative, is meant to both form abasis for and stimulate more detailed surveys and further research on the loca.l, butterfly community. It should facilitate comparisons of the butterfly fauna of Mt. Kinal1iUuwith other areas of Borneo and further parts of Southeast Asia for regional biodiversity assessments, and it will hopefully enable to better characterize the pecularities of the butterfly community of Mt. Kinabalu. Finally, we hope that the present list will be of use for local authorities concerned with the planning and implementation of conservation measures. Mt. Kinabalu is located at 6°05'N and 160033'E in northeastern Borneo, in the state of Sabah which forms part of the federation of Malaysia (see Wong & Phillipps, 1996, for details on ethnology, geology and natural history; for vegetation and zonation: Beaman & Beaman, 1990; Kitayama, 1992). A formally protected area around Mt. Kinabalu was first gazetted in 1964 as 'Kinabalu National Park', which in 1984 became a state park under the authorities of 'Sabah Parks Trustees' (Nais &Lamri Ali, 1991). A thirty years' lease for a mining concession for an area of almost 25 km2 from inside the park north of Ranau was given in 1972 to the Mamut Copper Mine Company (Burrough, 1978), which is still in operation today. As compensation for the lost area the park was extended in 1974 by about 93 km2 to encompass the former Mount Templar Forest Reserve at its northern boundaries. In 1984, however, the park boundaries were again redefined and partly streamlined under a new legislation resulting in aloss of another approximately 26km2 (Liew, 1996). Atpresent, Kinabalu Park comprises an area of 753.7 km2 (= ca. 291 square miles) and represents the second largest national park in the state of Sabah. Due to its inaccessibility scientific exploration ofMt. Kinabalu started only inthe second half ofthe last century following the first successful climb by SirHugh Low in 1851 (Jenkins, 1996). The first butterflies were probably collected from the mountain by the naturalist John Whitehead in 1887 (Whitehead, 1893; Moulton, 1915), and already between 1892 and 1894 a professional insect collector, Johannes (= John) Waterstradt, set up temporary residence onthe mountain for acouple ofmonths (Barlow, 1969). Anumber ofthebutterflies discovered by Waterstradt on Mt. Kinabalu were subsequently described as new taxa by Grose Smith (1887) and Staudinger (1892). Afirst scientific expedition with the main aim tocollect insects on the mountain was undertaken in 1913 by J. C. Moulton from the Sarawak Museum, Kuching (Moulton, 1913), followed in 1929 by H. M. Pendlebury and F. N. Chasen then working ascurators for the Federated Malay States Museum and Raffles Museum, Singapore, respectively (Pendlebury & Chasen, 1932; Jenkins, 1996). In 1965, H. J.Banks, H. S.Barlow, and J.D. Holloway spent three months on and around the mountain collecting butterflies and moths as members of the Cambridge Expedition to Mt. Kinabalu, which resulted in the first list of Rhopalocera from the area (Barlow et al., 1971; Holloway &Robinson, 1978). Inthe following years, the construction ofnew facilities and providing of additional infrastructure in the park supported a constant influx of both amateur and professional butterfly collectors. A series of visits paid by K. Morishita, K. Otsuka, and colleagues since the 1960s to Kinabalu Park inspired the publication of 'Butterflies of Bomeo' (Otsuka, 1988; Seki et al., 1991; Maruyama &Otsuka, 1991), afirst illustrated treatment of all butterflies known from the island. The recently established entomological collections atanewly constructed natural history museum atPark Headquarters . and the operation of a butterfly farm at Poring Hot Springs should greatly facilitate more detailed butterfly research at Kinabalu Park in the future. '. The present check-list is primarily based on our own records accumulated during seven visits to Kinabalu Park between 1993 and 1996 totalling aperiod of eleven months. The first author stayed sixteen weeks during February to April and July to August 1994 at the park, in addition to three shorter visits in March/April 1993, December 1995 to January 1996, and in November 1996. Most ofthis time was spent atPark Headquarters, where he was engaged to help with the build-up of entomological collections at a local natural history museum. The second author stayed 6 weeks during August to September 1993, and 10 weeks from February to April 1994 at Poring Hot Springs, where he conducted a research project comparing butterfly diversity between forest canopy and understorey using transect and trapping techniques (Schulze, 1995). The third author spent four weeks in March - April 1994 atthe park, mostly again atPoring Hot Springs but also atother locations, concentrating on natural history and life-cycle studies of Lycaenidae. During all these visits records were kept of the butterfly species that were observed and identified on the wing, and of specimens netted or collected in baited traps (Schulze, 1995). Voucher specimens are deposited inthe entomological collections ofthe Sabah Parks Natural History Museum atKinabalu Park Headquarters, andintheinstitutional andprivate collections ofthe three authors. Inaddition toour own records, wehave also included data from material deposited in the Sabah Parks collections by other visitors, particularly from members of the Japanese Overseas Volunteers Cooperation stationed in the park for various periods oftime. Aside from these primary data, we have considered for this check-list published records for Kinabalu Park from thefollowing sources: Barlow etal.(1971), Holloway &Robinson (1978), Maruyama & Otsuka (1991), Otsuka (1988), Robinson (1977), Seki et al. (1991), Takanami (1990, 1992), and Zaidi & Kayau (1995). Inthe present list, we have !ncluded only species for which actual records from localities inside the present park boundaries could befound, with theexception ofthebordering villages of Kiau, Kundasang (Mesilau), Poring, and the area of the Mamut Copper Mine, some of which originally formed part of the park. The location of all recording localities isindicated in a sketch map of the area (see Fig. 1). In addition, we have included a small number of species based on literature records, which only give 'Kinabalu' as locality without any more precise indications, and which we assume to have originated from what is presently park area. , 1 3678 ft ,M t. Templar 3776 3930 ft. • 8462ft. o Bundu Tuhan o 5 10 MI LES The check-list ofbutterfly species recorded from Kinabalu Park ispresented insystematic order, and the species are arranged by family, subfamily, sometimes tribe, and genus. For taxonomy and nomenclature, we follow recent classifications and standard reference works forthe region (Yata, 1985;Maruyama &Otsuka, 1991; Seki etal., 1991;Corbet &Pendlebury, 1992). Individual species within the genera, and genera within subfamilies andtribes, however, appear in pure alphabetic order for the ease of reference. As this list is only concerned with species, we have not considered any subspecies here; instead, species names are given in full including author and year. Species endemic to the island of Borneo are preceded by an asterisk' *,.For each species, the localities within the area of Kinabalu Park area listed from which they have be~n recorded. Locality names are abbreviated by two capital letters as explained below (s& also Fig. 1): KI = Kampung Kiau, 6°03'N 116°30'E, ca900 m(village located atthe southeastern comer but outside the actual park area; in former times frequently used as an expedition base for the ascent of the mountain). KU = Kampung Kundasang, 5°59'N 116°34'E, ca 1,200 m (village on the main road from the coast to Ranau; formerly immediately adjacent to the park, today about 3 km from the southern park border; access point for Mesilau). LA = Langanan waterfall, 6°04'N 116°41'E, 800-1,000 m (near Poring Hot Springs, at the southwestern comer but inside the park; most records are from the forest trail leading from Poring Hot Springs to the Langanan waterfall). MA= Mamut Copper Mine area, 600-1,000 m (mining area southwest of Poring outside the actual park area, but inside the park when first gazetted; most records stem from the access road leading from Kampung Lohan to the main mining pit). ME = Mesilau plateau, S059'N 116°36'E, ca 1,500m (northeast ofKundasang atthe southern edge of the park; formerly part of the park but now harbors agolf course and mostly outside the present park boundaries). PH = Kinabalu Park Headquarters, 6°01'N 116°32'E, 1,200-1,500 m, (large area with park administration, tourist and research facilities at the southern edge of the park, north of the main Tamparuli - Ranau road, starting point of the Power Station road; here included are records from the Power Station road up to an elevation of about 1,500 m). PO = Kampung Poring and Poring Hot Springs, 6°03'N 116°42'E, 450-800 m (village outside and tourist recreation area inside the southeastern comer of the park). PS = Power Station road, 6°01'N 116°00'E, 1,600-2,000 m (paved road leading from Park Headquarters up to a power station which supplies the radio stations further up the mountain; access road for the summit trail). RS = Radio Sabah, 6°01'N 116°00'E, 2,200-2,600 m (two radio transmitting stations on the southern side of Mt. Kinabalu, located near the summit trail above the power station). SA = Kampung Sayap and park substation, 6°12'N 116°33'E, 900-1,100 m (village at the western side of the park). SE = Kampung Serinsim and park substation, 6°18'N 116°42'E, 400-600 m (village atthe eastern side of the park). TRIBE TROIDINI .' G. (Pathysa)macareus (Godart, 1819) Atrophaneura nox (S"'ainson, [1822]) PO PO, SE *G. (Pathysa)stratiotes (Grose Smith, 1897) Pachliopta aristolochiae (Fabricius, 1775) ME, PO, PS, SA KU, MA, ME, PH, PO, SA Lamproptera curius (Fabricius, 1787) P. neptunus (Guerin-Meneville, 1840) Kl, PO, PS, SA ME,PH L. meges (Zincken 1831) Trogonoptera brookiana (Wallace, 1855) PH, PO, SA KU, LA, ME, PH, PO, PS, SA Troides amphrysus (Cramer, [1782]) TRIBE PAPILIONINI PO, SE Chilasaparadoxa (Zinken, 1831) *T.andromache (Staudinger, 1892) "Mt. Kinaba1u" (Holloway & Robinson, MA, ME, PH, SA 1978) T.helena (Linnaeus, 1758) C. slateri (Hewitson, 1857) PO, SE PO Meandrusapayeni (Boisduval, 1836) TRIBE GRAPIDINI LA,PO Graphium (Graphium) agamemnon (Linnaeus, *Papilioacheron Grose Smith, 1887 1758) PH,PO PO, PH, SA P. demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 G. (Graphium) bathydes (Zincken, 1831) PO KU, PO, SE P.demolion Cramer, [1776] G. (Graphium) doson (Felder &Felder, 1864) KU, PO, SE PO P.fuscus Goeze, 1779 G. (Graphium) eurypylus (Linnaeus, 1758) PO PO P. helenusLinnaeus, 1758 G. (Graphium) evemon (Boisduva1, 1836) Kl, ME, PH, PO PO P. iswaroidesFruhstorfer, 1897 *G. (Graphium)prodes (Grose Smith, 1887) PO ME, PH, PO, PS, SA P. kama Felder &Felder, 1864 G. (Graphium) sarpedon (Linnaeus, 1758) PH, SA ME, PH, PO, SA, SE P. memnonLinnaeus, 1758 G. (Pathysa) agetes (Westwood, 1841) KU, MA, PH, PO, SA, SE PO P. nephelus Boisduva1, 1836 G. (Pathysa) antiphates (Cramer, [1775]) MA, PH, PO, SE MA,PO P.palinurus Fabricius, 1787 G. (Pathysa) delesserti (Guerin, 1839) KU,PO, SE PO P.polytes Linnaeus, 1758 PO,SE Appias albina (Boisduval, 1836) D. henningia (Eschscholtz, 1821) PO, SA PO A. cardena (Hewitson, 1861) D. hyparete (Linnaeus, 1758) KU, PH, SA PH, PO, PS A. indra (Moore, [1858]) D. ninus (Wallace, 1867) KU, MA, PH, PO, SA PH, SA A. lyncida (Cramer, [1779]) D. singhapura (Wallace, 1867) PH PS A. nero (Fabricius, 1793) .' Hebomoia glaucippe (Linnaeus,1758) PO \ KU,PH,PO A. pandione (Geyer, ~i832]) *Ixias undatus (Butler, 1871) KU,PH,PO,PS,RS,SA PO, SA A. paulina (Cramer, [1777]) Leptosia nina (Fabricius, 1793) PH, PO, RS, SA MA, PH, PO, SA Cepora iudith (Fabricius, 1787) Pareronia valeria (Cramer, [1776]) MA, PH, PO, SA PO *c.pactolicus (Butler, 1865) *Prioneris cornelia (Snellen van Vollenhoven, PH, PO 1865) Delias baracasa Semper, 1890 PO KU,PH *P. vollenhovii Wallace, 1867 *D. cinerascens Mitis, 1893 PO PH, PO, SA Saletara panda (Godart, 1819) *D. eumolpe Grose Smith, 1889 PH,PO PH, PS, RS Catopsilia pomona (Fabricius, 1775) E. blanda (Boisduval, 1836) MA,PH,PO MA, PH, PO, SA C.pyranthe (Linnaeus, 1758) E. hecabe (Linnaeus, 1758) PH,PO LA, PH, PO, SA C. scylla (Linnaeus, 1764) E. lacteola Distant, 1886 PO LA, ME, PH, PO, SA Dercas gobrias (Hewitson, 1864) E. nicevillei (Butler, 1898) KU, PH, PO, PS PO Eurema ada Distant & Pryer, 1887 E. sari (Horsfield, 1829) KU, LA, PH, PO, SA PH, PO, SA E. alitha (Felder &Felder,1862) E. simulatrix Staudinger, 1891 PO PH,PO E. andersoni Moore, 1886 E. tominia (Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1865) MA,PO KU, LA, MA, PH, PO, SA Gandaca harina (Horsfield, [1829]) PH, PO, PS TRIBE DANAINI D. genutia (Cramer, [1779]) Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758) PO, PS, SE ME,PO D. melanippus (Cramer, [1777]) LA,MA,PO Ideopsis gaura (Horsfield, [1829]) E. eyndhovii Felder &Felder, [1865] PH, PO PH,PS I. vulgaris (Butler, 1874) E. leucostictos (Gmelin, 1790) LA, MA, PO, PS KU, PH, PS, RS Parantica agleoides (Felder &Felder, 1860) E. modesta Butler, 1866 LA, MA, PH, PO PO, SA P. aspasia (Fabricius, 1787) E. mulciber (Cramer, [1777]) KI, LA, MA, PH, PO LA, PH, PO, PS, SA *P. crowleyi Jenner-Weir, 1894 E. radamanthus (Fabricius, 1793) ME, PH, PS, RS PO, PS, SA P. luzonensis (Felder & Felder, 1863) E. sylvester (Fabricius, 1793) MA, ME, PH, PO, PS PO, SA Tirumala septentrionis (Butler, 1874) E. tulliolus (Fabricius, 1793) PH, PO, SA .' LA, PO Idea hypermnestra (Westwood, 1848) .'. TRIBE EUPLOEINI ME, PH Euploea camaralzeman Butler, 1866 I. stolli (Moore, 1883) PO, SA KU, LA, PO, SA E. crameri Lucas, 1853 PH, PO, PS Coelites epiminthia Westwood, [1851] *Mycalesis amoena Druce, 1873 PO LA, PH, PO C. euptychioides Felder & Felder, [1867] M. anapita Moore, [1858] PO PO *Cyllogenes woolletti Riley, 1923 M.fusca (Felder &Felder, 1860) LA, PO KI,PO Elymnias dara Distant &Pryer, 1887 M. horsfieldi (Moore, [1892]) PO PO E. esaca (Westwood, [1851]) M.janardana Moore, [1858] PH, PO, SA KI, PO E. nesaea (Linnaeus, 1764) *M. kina Staudinger, 1892 MA,PO PO E. panthera (Fabricius, 1787) M. maianeas Hewitson, [1864] PO LA, PO, SA *E.pellucida Fruhstorfer, 1895 M. marginata (Moore, 1881) PH, SA KI, LA, MA, ME, PH, PS, SA E. penanga (Westwood, [1851]) M. mineus (Linnaeus, 1758) PO PO Erites argentina Butler, 1868 M. oroatis Hewitson, [1864] LA, PO LA, PO E. elegans Butler, 1868 M. orseis Hewitson, [1864] PO KI, KU, LA, PO Lethe delila Staudinger, 1897 M. patiana Eliot, 1969 PH PO L. darena (Felder &Felder, [1867]) Neorina lowii (Doubleday, [1849]) PH,PO PO L. europa (Fabricius, 1775) Orsotriaena medus (Fabricius, 1775) PO PO, SE L. mekara (Moore, [1858]) *Ptychandra talboti Hobby, 1940 PO PH,PS *L.perimede Staudinger, 1897 *Ragadia annulata Grose Smith, 1887 PH LA, ME, PH, PS, SA Melanitis leda (Linnaeus, 1758) R. makuta (Horsfield, [1829]) PH, PO, SA KI, LA, MA, PO M. zitenius (Herbst, 1796) Ypthima baldus (Fabricius, 1775) PO PO Y.fasciata Hewitson, [1865] Xanthotaenia busiris Westwood, [1858] Kl, MA, PO, SA LA, PO, SA Y.pandocus Moore, [1858] KU, LA, MA, PH, PO, PS, SA TRIBE AMA THUSINI Taenaris horsfieldii (Swainson, [1820]) Amathusia phidippus (Linnaeus, 1763) KU, PO, SA PO Thaumantis klugius (Zinken, 1831) Amathuxidia amythaon (Doubleday, 1847) PO PH, PO T. nouredin Westwood, [1851] Discophora necho Felder ~.Felder, [1867] LA, PO PO .\ T. odona (Godart, [1824]) D. sondaica Boisduv!l:l, 1836 LA, PO PO Thauria aliris (Westwood, [1858]) *Enispe milvus Staudinger, 1897 PO PH Zeuxidia amethystus Butler, 1865 Faunis gracilis (Butler, 1867) PH, PO LA, PO, SA Z. aurelius (Cramer, [1777]) F. kirata (de Niceville, 1891) PO PO Z. doubledayi Westwood, [1851] F. stomphax (Westwood, 1858) PH, PO LA, PO, SA *z. mesilauensis Barlow, 1971 ME, PH TRIBE HELICONIINI Vindula dejone (Erichson, 1834) SUBTRIBE ARGYNNITI PO Cirrochroa emalea (Guerin-Meneville, 1843) V. erota (Fabricius, 1793) PO,PS MA, ME, PO, SA C. malaya Felder &Felder, 1860 PO, SA TRIBE NYMPHALINI C. orissa Felder &Felder, 1860 Hypolimnas anomala (Wallace, 1869) KU, LA, PH, PS, SA PO C. satellita Butler, 1869 H. bolina (Linnaeus, 1758) PO,PS MA, PH, PO C. tyche (Felder &Felder, 1861) H. misippus (Linnaeus, 1764) KU,PO KU Cupha erymanthis (Drury, [1773]) Junonia atlites (Linnaeus, 1763) PO, SA KU, MA, PH, PO, PS, SA Paducafasciata (Felder & Felder, 1860) J. iphita (Cramer, [1779]) KU, PO, PS PO Phalanta alcippe (Stoll, [1782]) Kallima limborgii Moore, [1879] KU, PH, PO MA,PO Vagrans egista (Cramer, [1780]) Kaniska canace (Linnaeus, 1763) KU, PH, PS PH, PO, PS, RS, SA Rhinopalpa polynice (Cramer, [1779]) SUBTRIBE HELICONIITI MA,PO Cethosia hypsea Doubleday, [1847] Symbrenthia hippoclus (Cramer, [1779]) Kl, KU, MA, PH, PO, SA KU, ME, PH, PO, PS Terinos atlita (Fabricius, 1787) S. hypatia (Wallace, 1869) PO SA T. clarissa Boisduval, 1836 S. hypselis (Godart, [1824]) PO KU, ME, PH, PO, SA T. terpander Hewitson, 1862 S.lilaea (Hewitson, 1864) PO KU,PO TRIBE CYRESTINI N. leucoporos Fruhstorfer, 1908 Chersonesia intermedia Martin, 1895 PH,PO PO N. magadha Felder &Felder, [1867] C. nicevillei Martin, 1895 PO PH N. miah Moore, 1858 C.peraka Distant, 1884 MA, PH, PS PO,SA N. nata Moore, 1858 C. rahria (Moore, [1858]) PH, PO, PS, SA PO N. omeroda Moore, [1875] C. risa (Doubleday, [1848]) PO KU, PO, SA Pantoporia aurelia (Staudinger, 1886) Cyrestis codes (Fabricius, 1787) PO PS P. hordonia (Stoll, [1790]) C. maenalis Erichson, 1834·' PO KU, LA, MA, p~\ PS, RS, SA P.paraka (Butler, [1879]) C. nivea (Zinken, 1831) PH,PO PH, PO, PS, SA P. sandaka (Butler, 1892) PO TRIBE LIMENITIDINI Sumalia agneya (Doherty, 1891) SUBTRIBE LIMENITIDITI PO Athyma adunora (Kheil, 1884) S. daraxa (Doubleday, [1848]) PO KU, PH, PS A. assa (de Niceville, 1892) KU, MA, PH, SA SUBTRIBE PARTHENITI A. asura Moore, 1858 Lebadea martha (Fabricius, 1787) PO, SA PO A. cama Moore, 1858 Parthenos sylvia (Cramer, [1775]) PH, PO, PS PO A. abiasa Moore, 1858 LA, PH, PO SUBTRIBE ADOLIADITI A. kanwa Moore, 1858 Bassarona dunya (Doubleday, [1848]) PO KI, PO, SA A. larymna (Doubleday, [1848]) B. teuta (Doubleday, [1848]) KU, PO, PS PO A. nefte (Cramer, [1779]) Dophla evelina (Stoll, [1790]) PH, PO, PS PO A. pravara Moore, 1858 Euthalia aconthea (Cramer, [1777]) PO,PS PO A. reta Moore, 1858 E. agnis (Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862) PO PH A. selenophora (Kollar, [1844]) E. alpheda (Godart, [1824]) LA, ME, PH, PS, SA PO Lasippa heliodore (Fabricius, 1787) E. kanda (Moore, 1859) PO PH, PO L. monata (Weyenbergh, 1874) E. mahadeva (Moore, 1859) PO PO Moduza procris (Cramer, [1777]) E. malaccana Fruhstorfer, 1899 KU, PH, PO, PS, SA PO Neptis anjana Moore, 1881 E. merta (Moore, 1858) PH PO N. clinia Moore, 1872 E. monina (Fabricius, 1787) KU, PO, SA KU, PO, SA N. duryodana Moore, 1858 E. whiteheadi Grose Smith, 1889 KI,PO KU N. harita Moore, [1875] Lexias canescens (Butler, [1869]) PO PH,PO N. hylas (Linnaeus, 1758) L. dirtea (Fabricius, 1793) MA, PH, PO, SE LA, PH, PO, SA N. ilira Kheil, 1884 L.pardalis (Moore, 1878) KU,PO PO