JournalofResearchontheLepidoptera 30(3-4):145-161, 1991 TheButterfliesofMauritius * P.M.H.Davis and M.J.C.Barnes 4LeighRoad,Clifton,Bristol,U.K. and "Avalon", Upottery, Honiton, DevonEX14 9PQ, ENGLAND Abstract. All species of butterfly recorded from the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius are listed, and known bionomic details are pre- sented. Previous checklists, made in 1866, 1908 and 1938 are dis- cussed, and taxonomic corrections to these publications are offered. The status of some species is updated and we add two recently introduced species, Erionota thrax thrax L., and Virachola antalus Hopffer,tothelisttoMauritianspecies.Inadditiontodocumentingthe turnoverofspeciesonthisislandoverthepast 120years,we alsohope to stimulate further investigation into the present status of several endangered or possibly extinct endemic species. Introduction The islandofMauritiusis situated at 57°30' east, 20°10' south, inthe southernIndianOcean. Itstotallandareaisonly—1858km2.Theslightly larger (2502 km2 French island of Reunion formerly known as — ) Bourbon lies some 400 km to the south-west, and the Mauritian dependency ofRodrigues (103 km2) lies some 1100 km to the east. The threeislands andtheirlesserdependenciesaresometimesreferredtoas the Mascarene archipelago. The nearest major land mass to Mauritius is Madagascar, some 1350 km to the west. Mauritius has a tropical maritime climate. The months ofDecember to May are hot and humid, and the months ofJune to November are cooler anddryer. The hottermonthsbringthe threat ofcyclones, which frequently devastate the island. The whole island is under intense cultivation pressure, the principal crop being sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.). Although dense cloud forest once covered the entire island, today only a small area survives, in the Black River Gorges in the south-west of the island. This area is stringently protected but appearstobe ultimatelydoomedduetotheencroachmentofintroduced competitor species such as Chinese Guava (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) and Privet Ligustrum walkeri Decaisne) which strangle the ( understorey and prevent tree regeneration. The present checklist ofMauritian butterflies recognises 35 species, — of which only 25 are at all common that is, likely to be seen by the Accepted for publication June 1984 146 J. Res. Lepid. Table 1. DistributionoftheMascarenebutterflyspecies. Subspeciesinparenthesis. Mauritius Rodrigues* Reunion* Madagascar Africa Orient Danauschrysippus X X X X X X Euploeaeuphon X Euploeadesjardinsi X Euploeagoudotii X Amaurisphaedon X (X) Henotesianarcissus X{narcissus) X(narcissus) Xifraterna) Melanitisleda X{helena) X(helena) X{helena) X{helena) X(helena) X(leda) Neptisfrobenia X Neptisdumetorum X Hypolimnasmisippus X X X X X X Hypolimnasbolina (X) (X) X X Hypolimnasdubius X(drucei) X{drucei) X(dubius) Junoniarhadama X X X X Junoniagoudotii (X) X Vanessacardui (X) (X) X X X Antanartiaborbonica X(mauritiana) X(borbonica) X(borbonica) Phalantaphalantha X{aethiopica) X{aethiopica) X{aethiopica) X(aethiopica) Xiphalantha) Salamisangustina X(vinsoni) X(angustina) X{angustina ) Libytheacinyras (X) Papiliomanlius X Papiliophorbanta X Papiliodemodocus X X X X Catopsiliaflorella X X X X X Catopsiliathauruma X X Euremabrigitta X(pulchella) X(pulchella) X(brigitta) Euremafloricola X(cercs) X(ceres) Xifloricola) Cacyreusdarius X X Leptotespirithous X X X X X X Lampidesboeticus X X X X X X Zizinaantanossa X X X X Zizulahylax X X X X X Zizeeriaknysna X X X X X Cyclyriusmandersi X Viracholaantalus X X X Coeliadesforestan Xiforestan) X(forestan) X(forestan) X(arbogastes) Xiforestan) Eagrissabadius X{sabadius) X{sabadius) X{andracne) X(astoriaetc.) Borboborbonica X{borbonica) X(borbonica) X(borbonica) X(borbonica) X(borbonica) Parnaranaso X(naso) X(bigutta) X{potieri) X(monasietc.) Erionotathrax X(thrax) X *N.B. DistributiondatafromReunionand(particularly)Rodriguesarefromoldsourcesandmaybeunreliable. ordinaryvisitor. Thetenremainingspeciesareeithercasuals,extinctor nearly extinct, oronly recently established. There is a high incidence of endemism, with nine species or subspecies being confined to the island; andafurthereightspeciesfoundonlyontheislandandinotherpartsof the Malagasy sub-region (Madagascar, theMascarenes, theComorois., and the Seychelles). For this reason alone the butterfly fauna is ofgreat interest. Table 1 lists the known Mascarene butterflies in comparison with their occur- rence in otherregions. Subspecies are given. Althoughthe comparative dataare ofbiogeographicalinterest,wehavestrongreservationsonthe completeness of the data for Reunion and Rodrigues. The latter data were from lists ofthe lastcentury. The firstlistofMauritian butterflies 30(3-4):145-161, 1991 147 was produced by Trimen in 1866, who recognised 26 species. This list was updated by Manders in 1908, who added five species and deleted one, bringingthetotalto 30. Themostrecentchecklistwasproducedby J. M. Vinson in 1938, who catalogued all known Mascarene lepidoptera and largely followed Manders in respect of the Mauritian butterflies. The present paper reviews our current knowledge of the Mauritian butterfly fauna, and attempts to correct some taxonomic errors and ambiguities present in existing literature. In addition, we add two newlyintroduced species to the Mauritian list and offernotes on recent changes in status of other species. The latter notes are based upon observationsmadebyP.M.H. andJ.P. L. Davisduringtheirstayonthe island between 1976 and 1980. Further fieldwork on the butterfly fauna of this island is very desirable. Much of Mauritius consists of private sugar estates which include hills and scrubland, and to which access is restricted. It is possible that some ofthe rare or assumed extinct species may still be present in these areas, awaiting rediscovery. To aididentification andtoplacethe Mauritian species in the context ofthe Africanfauna, we havecross-referredthe speciesinourchecklist to their appropriate entries in both Carcasson’s 1981 checklist of African butterflies (published in his ‘Handguide to the Butterflies of Africa’), and d’Abrera’s 1980 volume on the Afrotropical fauna. These works are abbreviated CC and DA respectively in the following. The Annotated Checklist DANAIDAE Danaus chrysippus L. 1758 (CC No. 3185; DA p. 152) is common and widelydistributedovertheisland. Itseemstobemonomorphicthere,all specimens seen from 1976 to 1980 being ofform chrysippus. Manders (1908) and Vinson (1938) both claim to have seen single specimens of this specieswith whitehindwings, which may have been formalcippus ; however, no further specimens ofthis form from Mauritius have been brought to our attention. Ofthe many hundreds ofthis species bred on the island a few had some whitening of the veins in the upperside hindwing,butnotsufficientlysotobeconsideredasformalcippus. Form — dorippushasneverbeenrecorded asurprisingobservationinthelight ofthe occasional presence ofits presumed mimicHypolimnas misippus female-form dorippoides (‘inaria) on the island. Like the followingtwo species, adults of this species were often seen to congregate in the vicinity ofthe Boraginacean tree Tournefortia argentea L. for several days after emergence from the pupa, where they appeared to be imbibingexudationsfromtheendsofbrokenbranchesontheground. It is presumed that these exudations contained pyrrolizidine alkaloids which serve as pheromone precursors and may also be involved in boosting overall bodily toxicity. 148 J. Res. Lepid. EuploeaeuphonFabricius 1798 (CC No. 3204; DAp. 158). Thegenus Euploea is of oriental origin, as it does not occur at all in mainland Africa. Nevertheless, several of the Indian Ocean islands support — endemic species for example, E. goudotii Boisduval, which is found only on Reunion; and E. desjardinsi Guerin, which is confined to Rodrigues. The endemic Mauritian species,E. euphon iswidelydistrib- , uted throughout the island, although it is less common than D. chrysippusandappearstoexhibitsomepreferencefortheforestedareas oftheBlackRiverGorgesandcertaincoastalareas. Theprincipallarval foodplant appears to be oleander Nerium oleander L.) although ( Manders reports it as also feeding upon Ficus repens Rottboell. AmaurisphaedonFabricius 1798 (CCNo. 3201;DAp. 158)isconfined to Mauritius, although there are doubtful reports of specimens from Madagascar. It is found occasionally in all parts of the island, but is especiallycommoninthesouth-west, neartheLeMornepeninsula. Itis most plentiful in areas ofcoastal vegetation containing the tree Tour- nefortia argentea in which the adults spend large parts of the day , restingorimbibingjuices. The early stages are, regrettably, not known although Vinson (1938) states that the larvae may feed upon various Asclepiadaceae, principally Tylopha asthmatica Wight. SATYRIDAE Henotesia narcissus Fabricius 1798 (CC No. 3019; DA p. 186) ssp. narcissus. This subspecies is confined to Mauritius and Reunion, the — — other subspecies ssp. fraterna Butler being confined to Madagascar and Anjouan island in the Comoro group, it is common throughout the island, especially in shady areas in woods and gardens. Manders (1908) describes the early stages, giving the larval foodplant as various Bamhusa species and other gramineae. Melanitis leda L. 1758 (CC No. 2894; DA p. 162) ssp. helena West- wood. This species is widely distributed throughout the old world tropics, being represented in Mauritius by the African subspecies helena. It is common throughout the island, and particularly active at dawn and dusk. Manders collected a series of 155 specimens of this species from Mauritius between March 10 and December 31, 1905, exhibiting seasonal variation. The wet season forms (Dec.-June) have more prominent ocelli and lighter basal areas beneath than do the dry season forms (June-Nov.). The series is deposited in the Hope Collec- tions, Oxford, U.K. Vinson (1938) gives the larval foodplants on the island as sugar cane and other gramineae, particularly Thysanoloena maxima Kuntze. NYMPHALIDAE Neptis frobenia Fabricius 1798 (CC No. 2552; DA p. 248) is confined to Mauritius. It is found most commonly in the hills above the Black 30(3-4):145-161, 1991 149 River Gorges and in the Maccabee forest. Manders (1908) reports the larvalfoodplantstobevariousspeciesofAcalyphaandErythrospermum mauritiana Baker. HypolimnasmisippusL. 1764(CC No. 2664; DAp. 214) isawidespread cosmopolitanspeciesintheisland,butcanbeveryscarceinsomeyears. During the years 1976-1980 occasional males were seen, especially on theeastcoast, butrarelyinland. Nofemaleswereseenatallduringthis period. After bad cyclones at the end of 1979 and in early 1980, accompanied by very heavy rainfall, the butterfly became much more common. Freshly emerged specimens were often seen inland, at Moka, and females were seen forthe first time. Most females were ofthe form H. misippus misippus which is the presumed mimic ofDanaus chry- , sippuschrysippus.However,specimensoftheformdorippoides(‘maria’) were also seen and captured. The presumedmodel ofthis mimetic form isD. chrysippusdorippus whichisnotpresentontheisland. Ifweareto , believe the evidence of specimens in the Hope Collections at Oxford, both forms have persisted in the island since at least the 18th century. Manders (1908) reports a single specimen ofform alcippoides from the Port Louis Museum in Mauritius. HypolimnasbolinaL. 1758(CCNo. 2645;DAp.214)isprobablyonlyan occasional visitor to the island, or possibly even a mistaken record. Early records are almost certainly attributable to misidentification of specimens of H. misippus. Manders (1908), however, mentions two authenticated Mauritian specimens known to him. No specimens were seen during the years 1976-1980. Hypolimnas dubius Palisait de Beauvois 1806 (CC No. 2655; DA p. 222) ssp. druceiButlerisa subspeciesoftheAfricanH. dubiusconfined to Madagascar, Mauritius and the Comoro islands. It mustbe regarded as extremely rare or extinct in Mauritius. There are two specimens in the british Museum (Natural History) taken by a J. T. Rawlins in November and December 1953. No locality is given. Vinson (1938) reports a specimen from La Mi Voie, Black River, taken in September 1915. Junonia rhadama Boisduval 1833 (CC No. 2669; DA pp. 229) (= Precis rhadama) is found in Madagascar, Rodrigues, Reunion, the Comoro islands, and Astove island in the Seychelles, in addition to Mauritius. According to Trimen (1866) the species was introduced into Mauritius from Madagascar in 1857 or 1858, and spread rapidly throughout the island. It is found all over Mauritius, but is especially abundantatFlic-en-Flac on the eastcoast. Duringthe dayitis foundin large numbers in the vegetation and on the rocks above the tide-line. Vinson (1938) reports the larval foodplant to be various species of Barleria. 150 J. Res. Lepid. Junoniagoudotii Boisduval 1833 (CC No. 2673; DAp. 230) (= Precis goudotii) is confined to Madagascar and the Comoro islands. Only a — — single specimen presumably a vagrant is recorded by Vinson (1938) from Long Mountain. Vanessa cardui L. 1758 (CC No. 2694; DA p. 238) is an almost cosmopolitan species which can be regarded only as exceedingly rare or accidental in Mauritius. Occasional specimens from the island can be found in collections, but between 1967 and 1980 only one or two unconfirmed sightings were made. Antanartia borbonica Oberthur 1880 (CC No. 2697; DA p. 239) ssp. mauritiana Manders. The nomotypical subspecies of A. borbonica is confined to Reunion and the Tamatave region of E. Madagascar. The other subspecies, mauritiana is restricted to Mauritius. It is consider- , ably smaller than the nomotypical race. The two have previously been considered as subspecies ofthe African species A. hippomene Hiibner 1823. This species must be regarded as on the verge ofextinction, ifit is not already so. Manders (1908) reports that at the turn ofthe century the species was confined to the locality ofCurepipe, at 1800 ft. (c. 550 m). Vinsonadditionallyreports(1938)thepresenceofotherspecimensfrom Moka at 1200 ft. (c. 360 m). The larval foodplant is reported to bePilea urticefolia Blume (family urticaceae) by Manders (1906) who gives a complete description of this species’ early stages. The flight period is given asFebruarytoMarch, andsometimesasearlyasSeptemberoras late as May. During four years on the island (1976-1980) no specimens were seen. Phalantaphalantha Drury 1773 (CC No. 2704; DA p. 210) ssp. aethio- pica Rothschild & Jordan. The nomotypical subspecies ofthis species is oriental. SubspeciesaethiopicaistheAfricanandMalagasyform, andis the one present in Mauritius. The species is common and widespread throughout the island, especially in sunny patches in gardens and near coastalvegetation. ThelarvalfoodplantsarevariousFlacourtiaspecies. Salamis angustina Boisduval 1833 (CC No. 2662; DA p. 224) ssp. vinsoni Le Cerf (= ‘Salamis augustina’ Auct.). The nomotypical sub- speciesofthisinsectisconfinedtoReunionandMadagascar. Subspecies vinsoni is found only on Mauritius. It may be distinguished from the former subspecies by the greater amount ofpurplish colouring on the uppersidewingsurfacesofvinsoniascomparedwithangustina. Itmust be regarded as a very rare species indeed in Mauritius, ifnot already extinct. As early as 1866, Trimen noted this species to be very un- common, having seen only one or two preserved specimens. Vinson (1938) records that he captured specimens ofthis species between 1920 and 1923 from the months of April to September. This agrees with Manders’ description (1908) of the habits of the Reunion subspecies, 30(3-4):145-161, 1991 151 whose flight time he gives as “April and May and again in September” (between0900hrs. and 1000hrs.).Thelarvalfoodplantisgivenassugar cane. Manders(1908)attributesthedeclineinnumbersofthisspeciesto theintroduction ofMynahbirdsfrom India. Thelastrecorded specimen was taken by Dr. J. Bolton in August 1929. No locality is given. This speciescloselyresemblestheDanaidspeciesEuploeaeuphon ofwhichit , may be a mimic. LIBYTHEIDAE Libythea cinyras Trimen 1866 (CC No. 2101; DA p. 409). Only the typespecimenofthisspeciesisknown. ItwasgiventoTrimenin 1865by aMr. ColvilleBarclay,whoallegedlytookitatMoka. Thespecimenisin the British Museum (Natural History), and is in exceedingly poor condition. PAPILIONXDAE Papilio manlius Fabricius 1798 (CC No. 492; DA p. 22) is confined to Mauritius. It is closely related to the Reunion species P. phorbanta L. 1771 andthe Malagasy speciesP. epiphorbas Boisduval 1833. All three are presumed to have evolved from the same line which produced the ‘blue papilios’ of the mainland such as P. nireus L. 1758 and related species.P. manliusisfortunately commonthroughouttheislandandin nodangerofextinction, asitfeedsupon various speciesofCitrus which , are widely cultivated, although not intensively sprayed with insecti- cides.Thelarvaemaybefoundfeedingtogetherwiththenextspecies,P. demodocus. They may be distinguished from the latter as P. manlius larvaearebrightgreenatallstages. Areviewoftheconservationstatus ofthisspeciesappearsintheIUVN‘PapilionidaeRedDataBook’(1985). PapiliodemodocusEsper 1798 (CC No. 505; DAp. 30) isthecommon citrus swallowtail ofAfrica It is found all over the island and is fairly common. Like the preceding species it is a Citrus feeder, and its populationsizeappearstofluctuatewithfluctuationsinCitrusnumbers duetodisease. Itwasprobablyaccidentallyintroducedintotheislandat some time between 1865 and the turn of the century, following its deliberate importation into Reunion from Madagascar in 1863. PIERIDAE CatopsiliaflorellaFabricius1775(CCNo.557;DAp.53).Thetaxonomy ofthis species and others in the same genus has frequently been the source of much confusion. Although lists prepared of the island’s Catopsilia species, and specimens in the collection of the Mauritius Institute Museum, indicate a plurality offorms, varieties and species, our own work on the island and in various collections shows to our satisfaction that only two basic species are present on Mauritius. The 152 J. Res. Lepid. first of these, the pan-African migrant C. florella is common and widespread throughout the island. Specimens in the Mauritius Insti- tute labelled ‘Cpyranthe' almost certainly result from early taxonomic confusion with this oriental species. The two species are separable on the basis ofgenitalia (Klots, 1929) and also by the dark forewing apical band, which is always continuous in C.pyranthebut frequently broken inthe Africa C. florella. Both female forms ofC. florella thewhite form , pyrene and the yellow formflorella are present on the island, the white form being by far the more abundant. The male is always white. The larval foodplant is Cassia fistula L. CatopsiliathaurumaReakirt 1866 (CCNo. 558;DAp. 53). Specimens in the Mauritius Institute labelled as the oriental ‘C. pomona are almost certainly misidentified specimens of this species, which is restrictedto MadagascarandMauritius. Althoughthetwospecieshave often been regarded as conspecific (see, for example, Corbet, 1948) the twoarequiteclearlydistinguishableonthebasisofgenitalicdifferences (Klots, 1929). Previously this species has been regarded as two separate species, C. thaurumaandC.grandidieriMabille 1877, orthelatteras asubspecies of the former. The principal grounds for separation appear to be the smaller size ofthe male ofC.grandidieri andthe extreme dimorphism , ofthetwo femal—es. Whereasdimorphismofthefemalesofthisspeciesis unquestionable in common with the females of many pieridae, and — most Catopsilia species examination of long series of C. thauruma from Madagascar and Mauritius indicate that there is enormous vari- ationin sizeofbothmales andfemaleswithin andbetweenpopulations. The notion of two separate species or subspecies cannot therefore be sustained on this basis. We hence suggest, in common with other Catopsiliaspecies,thatthefemalesofthetwotaxahithertoregardedas subspecies ofC. thauruma should be relegated to the status of‘female forms’, i.e. C. thauruma female-f. thauruma and C. thauruma female-f. grandidieri. Both are illustrated with their male, from Mauritius, in Figure2. BothformsappeartooccurinbothMauritiusandMadagascar, the only appreciable difference between the two geographic subspecies being the consistently smaller size of males and females from Mauri- tius. This diminution is a phenomenon common to the fauna ofmany small islands. The erection by Le Cerf (1916) of the taxon ‘var. mauritiana’ of C. grandidieri from Mauritius appears to have been based on too small a sample (3 specimens) and equivocal characteristics. It should therefore be ignored as an invalid infrasubspecific category. The insectis common, althoughless so thantheprecedingspecies, all — over the island especially where its larval foodplant grows in abund- ance, e.g. BeauBassin. The larval foodplantis Cassiasiamea Lamarck. 30(3-4):145-161, 1991 153 Eurema brigitta Stoll 1780 (CC No. 566; DA p. 55) ssp. pulchella Boisduval. This species is distributed throughout the old world tropics in a confusing variety ofsubspecies and forms. Subspeciespulchella is restricted to Madagascar, Mauritius, the Comoro islands and Aldabra, and has often been regarded as a separate species fromE. brigitta. The female is frequently dusted with black scales over its entire upperside wing surface, the overall effect being a dull green coloration. Only the wetseasonfrom,whichisillustrated, appearstobeatallcommononthe island. The dry season form is hardly ever seen. The butterfly is common, particularly in gardens where it flies with the next species. The larval foodplant is Cassia mimosoides L. Eurema floricola Boisduval 1833 (CC No. 565; DA p. 55) ssp. cere—s Butler. This species has been considered conspecific with E. hecabe — which it superficially resembles for many years. However, genitalial examination shows the two should be regarded as separate species (Paulian & Bernardi, 1951). Euremafloricola is distributedthroughout the Malagasy sub-region in a variety of subspecies, i.e. floricola (Madagascar); aldabrensis Bernardi (Aldabra); anjuana Bulter (Comoroislands);andceres whichisconfinedtoMauritiusandReunion. , The insectis common throughout Mauritius and foundin the same sort ofhabitat as the preceding species. Vinson (1938) records the larvae as feeding uponDesmanthus virgatus Willdenow, Caesalpinia bonducella Fleming and Leucaena glauca Bentham, data which may indicate ecological separation from the above species. LYCAENIDAE Cacyreus darius Mabille 1877 (CC No. 1845; DA p. 544) isconfinedto Madagascar, the Comor islands and Mauritius, and has frequently beenregardedinthepastasconspecificwiththeAfricanC. lingeusStoll 1782, from which it is superifically indistinguishable. However, as Stempffer (1943) shows, the two species are separable on the basis of consistent differences in the valves of the genitalia. C. darius is probably an importto Mauritius, havingfirstbeen caughtonthe island onlyattheturnofthecentury. Manderssuggeststhatitmayhavebeen imported into the island upon a species ofColeus its larval foodplant, , which was brought in from Madagascar and planted out in the Botanic Gardens at Curepipe. There is a small series ofthis species in the Hope Collections at Oxford, taken by Manders at the turn ofthe century in thesesameBotanicGardens. By 1938Vinsonnotedthatthespecieswas rather scarce, and no specimens at all were seen or taken during the years 1976-1980. Its status today is unclear. It may be extinct on the island. v 154 J. Res. Lepid. Leptotes pirithous L. 1767 (CC No. 1868; DA p. 546) (= Syntarucus telicanus Lang 1789) is a very common ‘blue’, foundalloverthe island. It prefers small bushes and trees and it can be seen flying around and settling on these, especially near the coast and in gardens. Its overseas distributionincludes Africa, Madagascar, much ofAsia andEurope. Its larval foodplants include many legumes such as Cajanus cajan Druce, and various otherspecies includingPlumbago capensis Willdenow, and even Lantana camara L. Lampides boeticus L. 1767 (CC No. 1825; DA p. 541) is an almost cosmopolitanspecies.Trimen(1866)founditratherscarceontheisland, beingconfinedmostlytogardenswherepeasweregrown. Sincethenthe increase in population of the island, and the great increase in the growingofvegetables, especiallypeas,hasledtothisspeciesbecominga common pest. This is a very fastflying ‘blue’ which can be foundin any garden or field in which there are peas or other legumes. Zizina antanossa Mabille 1877 (CC No. 1902; DA p. 550) (= Z. perparva Saalmuller 1884) is distributed over the entire continent of Africa, including Madagascar, and also occurs on Reunion. Manders (1908) believesitto be anintroductiontotheislandatabouttheturnof the century. The species is common throughout Mauritius, and found frequently on garden lawns and flower beds, where it flies low and erratically. It is very similar to Zizeeria knysna Trimen. However, Z. knysna has a black spotin the centre ofthe cell on the underside ofthe forewing, which Z. antanossa lacks. Zizula hylax Fabricius 1775 (CC No. 1906; DA p. 551) (= Z. gaika Trimen 1862) is distributed over the entire continent of Africa, in- cluding Madagascar and Reunion and is also present in the orient. Itis very common on Mauritius, but can be overlooked due to its small size and dull coloration. It was first recorded in the island by Manders in 1907, but may of course have been present unnoticed for some time before. Mamet (1955) gives the larval foodplant asLantana camara L. ZizeeriaknysnaTrimen 1862 (CC No. 1901; DAp. 550) (= Z.lysimon Hubner 1803) is distributed throughout Africa, Madagascar and the Seychelles, and is also present in the orient. It is very common in Mauritius, and often flies with Z. antanossa. It may be distinguished however, as Z. knysna has a black spot in the centre ofthe cell on the underside of the forewing, which is lacking in Z. antanossa. Mamet (1955) gives the larval foodplants as Cajanus cajan Druce and Pisum sativum L. CyclyriusmandersiDrue 1907 (CCNo. 1867;DAp. 546)(= Nacaduba mandersi) is confined to Mauritius and was described by Druce from specimenscollectedbyMandersattheturnofthecentury. Itissaidtobe restricted to the coast. Specimens taken by Manders in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History) and the Hope Collections at