R X , ENGE A L M S, A N D M SMSIXR A THE BRAZILIAN LEFT in the 21ST CENTURY Conflict and Conciliation in Peripheral Capitalism EDITED BY VLADIMIR PUZONE AND LUIS FELIPE MIGUEL Marx, Engels, and Marxisms Series Editors Marcello Musto York University Toronto, ON, Canada Terrell Carver University of Bristol Bristol, UK The volumes of this series (edited by Marcello Musto & Terrell Carver, with Babak Amini as Assistant Editor) challenge the ‘Marxist’ intellectual traditions to date by making use of scholarly discoveries of the Marx- Engels Gesamtausgabe since the 1990s, taking on board interdisciplinary and other new critical perspectives, and incorporating ‘reception studies’. Authors and editors in the series resist oversimplification of ideas and rein- scription of traditions. Moreover, their very diversity in terms of language, local context, political engagement and scholarly practice mark the series out from any other in the field. Involving scholars from different fields and cultural backgrounds, the series editors ensure tolerance for differences within and between provocative monographs and edited volumes. Running contrary to 20th century practices of simplification, the books in this innovative series revitalize Marxist intellectual traditions. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14812 Vladimir Puzone • Luis Felipe Miguel Editors The Brazilian Left in the 21st Century Conflict and Conciliation in Peripheral Capitalism Editors Vladimir Puzone Luis Felipe Miguel Sociology Department Political Science Institute University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil “Chapter 3 is based on a translation from the Portuguese language edition: ‘Do sonho rooseveltiano ao pesadelo golpista’ by André Singer. Copyright © Editora Schrwacz S.A. 2017. All rights reserved.” ISSN 2524-7123 ISSN 2524-7131 (electronic) Marx, Engels, and Marxisms ISBN 978-3-319-98613-5 ISBN 978-3-030-03288-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03288-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018965191 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: STILLFX / Getty Images This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland s f eries oreword The Marx revival The Marx renaissance is underway on a global scale. Whether the puzzle is the economic boom in China or the economic bust in ‘the West’, there is no doubt that Marx appears regularly in the media nowadays as a guru, and not a threat, as he used to be. The literature dealing with Marxism, which all but dried up twenty-five years ago, is reviving in the global con- text. Academic and popular journals and even newspapers and on-line journalism are increasingly open to contributions on Marxism, just as there are now many international conferences, university courses and sem- inars on related themes. In all parts of the world, leading daily and weekly papers are featuring the contemporary relevance of Marx’s thought. From Latin America to Europe, and wherever the critique to capitalism is remerging, there is an intellectual and political demand for a new critical encounter with Marxism. Types of publicaTions This series bring together reflections on Marx, Engels and Marxisms from perspectives that are varied in terms of political outlook, geographical base, academic methodologies and subject-matter, thus challenging many preconceptions as to what ‘Marxist’ thought can be like, as opposed to what it has been. The series will appeal internationally to intellectual com- munities that are increasingly interested in rediscovering the most power- ful critical analysis of capitalism: Marxism. The series editors will ensure v vi SERIES FOREWORD that authors and editors in the series are producing overall an eclectic and stimulating yet synoptic and informative vision that will draw a very wide and diverse audience. This series will embrace a much wider range of scholarly interests and academic approaches than any previous ‘family’ of books in the area. This innovative series will present monographs, edited volumes and critical editions, including translations, to Anglophone readers. The books in this series will work through three main categories: Studies on Marx and Engels The series will include titles focusing on the oeuvre of Marx and Engels which utilize the scholarly achievements of the on-going Marx-Engels Gesamtausgabe, a project that has strongly revivified the research on these two authors in the past decade. Critical Studies on Marxisms Volumes will awaken readers to the overarching issues and world-c hanging encounters that shelter within the broad categorisation ‘Marxist’. Particular attention will be given to authors such as Gramsci and Benjamin, who are very popular and widely translated nowadays all over the world, but also to authors who are less known in the English-speaking countries, such as Mariátegui. Reception Studies and Marxist National Traditions Political projects have necessarily required oversimplifications in the 20th century, and Marx and Engels have found themselves ‘made over’ numer- ous times and in quite contradictory ways. Taking a national perspective on ‘reception’ will be a global revelation and the volumes of this series will enable the worldwide Anglophone community to understand the variety of intellectual and political traditions through which Marx and Engels have been received in local contexts. York University Marcello Musto Toronto, ON, Canada University of Bristol Terrell Carver Bristol, UK T p iTles ublished 1. Terrell Carver and Daniel Blank, A Political History of the Editions of Marx and Engels’s “German Ideology” Manuscripts, 2014. 2. Terrell Carver and Daniel Blank, Marx and Engels’s “German Ideology” Manuscripts, 2014. 3. Alfonso Maurizio Iacono, The History and Theory of Fetishism, 2015. 4. Paresh Chattopadhyay, Marx’s Associated Mode of Production, 2016. 5. Domenico Losurdo, Class Struggle: A Political and Philosophical History, 2016. 6. Frederick Harry Pitts, Critiquing Capitalism Today: New Ways to Read Marx, 2017. 7. Ranabir Samaddar, Karl Marx and the Postcolonial Age, 2017. 8. George Comninel, Alienation and Emancipation in the Work of Karl Marx, 2018. 9. Jean-Numa Ducange and Razmig Keucheyan (Eds.), The End of the Democratic State: Nicos Poulantzas, a Marxism for the 21st cen- tury, 2018. 10. Robert Ware, Marx on Emancipation and the Socialist Transition, 2018. 11. Xavier LaFrance and Charles Post (Eds.), Case Studies in the Origins of Capitalism, 2018. vii T f iTles orThcoMing John Gregson, Marxism, Ethics, and Politics: The Work of Alasdair MacIntyre James Muldoon, The German Revolution and Political Theory Michael Brie, Rediscovering Lenin: Dialectics of Revolution and Metaphysics of Domination Kaan Kangal, Friedrich Engels and the Dialectics of Nature ix p reface This book discusses different perspectives of the contemporary Brazilian Left and reviews its development between the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. The importance of this debate is related to the long trajectory of struggles that are reconstructed in this volume. These struggles begin with the movements for the democratization of Brazilian society in the 1980s and with the end of the political and social repression that characterized the two decades of civil-military dictatorship (1964–1985). These movements, which included the foundation of the Workers’ Party (PT) and also new social actors that vindicated rights for housing and public health, for instance, contributed to the end of the mili- tary dictatorship, as well as to the perspective of improving living condi- tions of the lower and working classes. However, as neoliberalism was largely implanted as a mode of capitalist development in the 1990s, these left organizations suffered a period of defeats and difficulties that was simi- lar to what occurred in Europe in the 1970s. The 1990s was a period marked by unemployment and impoverishment of subaltern classes, as well as by the retreat of the labor movement. By the beginning of the 21st century, as Lula da Silva was elected presi- dent in 2002, left-leaning organizations hoped that neoliberalism could be reversed in favor of redistributive policies and of a larger participation of popular and social movements. The PT federal administration, which started in 2003 and ended with Dilma Rousseff’s impeachment in 2016, was the first time that a political party organized by working classes led Brazilian government. During this period, Brazil’s economy sustained strong growth rates and the country reached the status of a global player, xi