Supplemental Notes: The Books of Joel and Amos Chuck Missler © 1994, 1995 Koinonia House Inc. Audio Listing The Book of Joel Introduction Joel - Introduction and Chapter 1 Why study the prophets? II Peter 1:19-21 states: The locust plague (and a review of the ten plagues of Egypt). “We have also a more sure word of prophecy; whereunto ye do well that ye take heed, as unto a light that shineth in a dark place, until Joel Chapter 2 the day dawn, and the day-star arise in your hearts: knowing this first, that no prophecy of the Scripture is of any private interpreta- The Day of the Lord and the call to repentance. The citation in tion. For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but Acts 2:17-21. holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Spirit.” Joel Chapter 3 And also Acts 17:11 — “...they searched the Scriptures (OT) daily to prove whether those things be so.” The Day of the Lord; the Millennial Blessings. “Minor” vs. “Major” Prophets—Books like Joel and Amos are often Amos - Introduction and Chapter 1 referred to as the “minor” prophets. They aren’t any less important than Isaiah or Jeremiah; they are just smaller in the textual sense (the actual The geopolitical setting and the surrounding nations. size of written material). They are measured “by the pound,” it seems. Amos Chapters 2 - 3 Why Joel? Prophecies regarding Judah and Israel. They myth of the “Lost Ten The book of Joel is a neglected book among Bible scholars. It’s Tribes.” surprising how many people who study prophecy have never studied the book of Joel in depth. Amos Chapters 4 - 5 It’s an important book because it records Israel’s place in God’s program: Heresies, idols, and the coming judgment of Samaria (Northern King- from Babylon all the way through the Millennium. Joel also has a lot to dom). say about the Gentile nations and their collision course to Armageddon. Amos Chapters 6 - 7 The primary theme in the book of Joel is The Day of the Lord. The name Joel means, “Yahweh is God.” There is no personal history available on the prophet Joel, but we do know he speaks to Judah from Jerusalem. The first three of six visions. The decline of a great nation. The identity of “Gog.” The Temple is mentioned four times, so it was standing when he wrote (Joel 1:9, 13, 14; 2:15). Joel is quoted in Amos 1:2 (Joel 3:16, 18), which Amos Chapters 8 - 9 means the book was already in existence when Amos wrote. Famine of God’s Word and final visions. When was Joel written? Most scholars duck the issue of dating, but it could have been written around 838-756 B.C. There is no mention of either Assyrian (722 B.C.) or Babylonian (587 B.C.) invasions. Page 2 Page 3 There is also no king mentioned. Could Joel have been written during When they swarm, they eat not only the plants but the roots below the period where there was no king in Israel? In 2 Kgs 11-12 and 2 Chr ground (you can actually hear their munching sounds at night). They 23-24 an interesting event occurs: travel in a compact, military-like march; they make a wind-like noise in flight—they can even darken the sun! They can fly 17 hours at a time; “Queen Athaliah had the royal seed of Judah murdered. After the swarms have been spotted 1200 miles out at sea! (In 1889, a swarm in the death of King Ahaziah, the queen had all of her grandchildren put Red Sea was spotted that covered 2,000 square miles.) Density in a swarm to death, but the baby Joash was spared (the only surviving royal can be 120 million locusts/square mile! seed). He was hidden by his aunt, Jehosheba, and Jehoiada the high priest in the Temple complex. Seven years later, Joash was crowned Each female locust can lay 250-300 pods; with 70-80 eggs/pod. In king of Judah (2 Kgs 11:12) and Queen Athaliah was slain by her own Cypress, 1881: 1300 tons of egg masses were dug up in an attempt to people (2 Kgs 11:16).” prevent a plague (Lev 1:22?). The book of Joel could have been written just prior to Joash’s coronation 1) Gnawing locust: gazam. Emerges from egg (in spring); has no wings. in 835 B.C. 2) Swarming locust: arbeh. Most common winged locust. Joel 1 3) Licking locust: yalah (“caterpillar”) Jer 51:27. Third phase; old skin; small wings. 1] “Old men”: There is value in traditions; elders who sat at the city gates were considered the best judges. 4) Consuming locust: chasil (“cankerworm”). 3" long; 1" antennae. 2] Joel is going to tell about a devastation...more awesome than you can Devastation to the community: not only the loss of subsistence, but the imagine... spread of disease and loss of trade followed, with the inevitable inflation, etc. could literally wipe it out. “Tell ye your children...” Moses had instructed Israel to rehearse the works of God to their children (Deut 4:9; 6:6-7). Why? Ten Plagues of Egypt: A Review • to remind them of God’s mercy and goodness. • to remind them that God would judge sin if they became disobedient Judgment was against the gods they worshipped (Num 33:4, Jude 10:14). (Lev 26; Deut 28). It was a public display of power (Ex 9:16) and a warning to other nations: Rahab, Josh 2:8-9; Philistines, 1 Sam 4:8; Gen 12:3. 4] “Locusts”: The worst plague they’d experienced since the plague in Egypt (Ex 10:14). Locusts have been called the “incarnation of hunger.” Exodus: Warning #1 1) 7:14-25 Waters turned to blood. Locusts are Orthopterans (along with cockroaches, mantises, grass- hoppers, and crickets). There are 24,000 different species (282 in Arizona Warning #2 alone). Some can grow up to 10" in length! They multiply by partheno- 2) 8:1-5 Frogs on land, homes. genesis (if a male isn’t around the female can take care of it by herself). Larvae go through 4-13 stages; sometimes taking 6-7 years to fully (No warning) mature. Scientists have found a single hormone that, when activated, 3) 8:10-19 Lice on persons (this prevented worship by their causes locusts to swarm. They become aggressive and gregarious; the priests; 8:18). Magicians could not reproduce this one. hormone causes changes in coloration, physiology, metabolism and Remember they did three other times: 1) rods into serpents behavior. 7:12 (2 Tim 3:8); 2) water into blood, 7:22; and 3) frogs, 8:12. Compare with miracles by enemies (Rev 16:14). Page 4 Page 5 Warning #3 9) Satanic frogs: Rev 16:13. 4) 8:20-24 Flies on homes (Beelzebub = Fly God). 10) Plague of locusts: Rev 9:2-11. 11) Boils and blains: Rev 16:2. Warning #4 12) Hailstones from heaven: Rev 8:7. 5) 9:1-7 Disease on Cattle. 13) Darkness: Isa 60:2; Rev 16:10. 14) Hearts hardened: Rev 9:20, 21. (No warning) 15) Death to multitudes: Rev 9:15. 6) 9:8-12 Boils, sores: man & beast. 16) Israel to be delivered: Zech 14:3, 4; Rom 11:26. Warning #5 Judgment in “fours”: Jer 15:3; Ezek 14:21. 7) 9:18-35 Thunder, hail. On the one hand, Joel’s plague of locusts was clearly literal: Joel 1:3 (why Warning #6 ten? cf. Ex 10:2-6; Deut 28:38-42). But there is also something else going 8) 10:1-20 Locusts; Pharaoh: “I have sinned.” on, something more sinister. See Prov 30:27; “locusts have no king.” Compare with Rev 9:3-11; Amos 7:1 (see page---). (No warning) 9) 10:21-29 Darkness (3 days). 5] “Drunkards”: Let’s look at today’s statistics: Warning #7 20 million alcoholics 10) 11, 12 Firstborn, Man and Beast. 1 million traffic accidents: cf Ex 4:22, Israel = “firstborn.” 28,000 deaths 500,000 injuries Other Patterns 55% highway deaths 31% homicides 1, 2, 3 Rod of Aaron 36% suicides 4, 5, 6 (No rod?) 31% non-auto accidents 7, 8, 9 Rod of Moses 75% all crimes 5, 6 Cattle involved 1974: 1 in 8 families affected... 4, 7 Goshen exempted (8:22; 9:26) 1990: 1 in 4. 3, 8 Admission by enemies 2, 9 Darkness 6] “A nation”: Wait a minute—I thought we were talking about locusts?! 1, 10 Death “Teeth” — like a lion, lioness; cf Rev 9:7-8. Prophetic 7] “My vine”; “my fig tree” = God’s own (House of Israel, Judah are 1) Jacob’s trouble; affliction: Isa 60:14; Jer 30:5-8. represented by the vine and fig tree—usually mentioned together.) Fig 2) Cry to God; heard: Jer 31:18-20. to rule over others? Jotham’s parable (Judg 9:10-11). 3) God will command oppressors; let them go: Isa 43:6. 4) Two witnesses, with miracles before enemies: Rev 11:3-6. 8] “Young virgin”: Betrothed; “married,” (Deut 22:23 Mt 1:19) Bridegroom 5) Enemies will also perform: Rev 13:14,15. in death. An idiom for deep grief. 6) Sore judgments from God: Jer 25: 15, 6. 7) God will protect His people: Rev 7:4; 12:6; 14-16. 9] Why weeping? Offerings cut off; no remedy for sin. 8) Water turned to blood: Rev 8:8; 11:6; 16:4, 5. Where does Israel “offer” now? No altar today. Page 6 Page 7 12] “Apple”: generic for fruit. Joel 2 13] Lie all night in sackcloth (Ahab; 1 Kgs 21:27). All OT prophets connect the Day of the Lord with military action (3:9- 12). 14] They are in desolation. Remember Nineveh. They were 40 days from “Ground 0.” Jonah was reluctant, but finally relayed God’s message and Amos (6:14) predicted that a foreign army would invade the country, etc. repentance saved the land. Read 2 Chr 7:14. Attacks are against Jerusalem (Dan 11:41; Zech 14:1-2, etc.). 15] “Day of the Lord”: The Day of the Lord is at hand. “Destruction of the In Joel, the Lord controls the locusts the same way He controls the Almighty”: (wordplay: Shod = destruction; Shaddai = Almighty). armies...but he’s not limited to military incursions... Four “Days” [Similarities with Chapter 1, yet Joel 2:1-27 is future to Chapter 1, but anterior to 2:28-3:21.] Man’s Day 1 Cor 4:3. (Dan 2: image of man) (“judgment” = “day”) The Day of Man started in Daniel 2. Chapter 2:1-11 is set apart from 1:15-20 as the prophet deepens the sense of gloom by moving away from the literal comparison between the Day of Christ 1 Cor 1:8; 5:5; 2 Cor 1:14; Phil 1:6, 10; 2:16. The Day disaster and the Day of Lord to a set of figures of speech in which the of Christ climaxes at the Rapture: John 14:1-3. locusts become the fearful army of Yahweh in the great day of His judgment. Day of Yahweh Day of the Lord. Joel 1:15; 2:1, 11, 31; 3:14. The Day of the Lord is also mentioned in the following Is there a way out? Verse 1:15 is near, but not yet present! For the wicked: books: Amos 5:18; Zeph 1:7, 14-2:2; Isa 2:1-21, Day of complete destruction. For the Lord’s own: Day of Deliverance! and 13:9 (same?). 1] “Blow ye the trumpet in Zion, and sound an alarm in my holy mountain: Day of God 2 Pet 3:12. The Day of God is the climax at the end let all the inhabitants of the land tremble: for the day of the LORD cometh, of the Millennium. for it is nigh at hand...”: This is a call for action. Awake! Weep! Wail! Put on sackcloth! Fast! Proclaim a solemn assembly! Blow a trumpet! 16-20] Description of their predicament...how about ours? Blowing of shofar, cry for alarm: judgment from the Lord (Jer 4:19; Hos • God is denied from our schools. 5:8; cf Zeph 1:16). It was the duty of the priests to blow the trumpets: • Promiscuity and perversion the official policy of our nation’s Num 10:1-9. Twice used (v); two trumpets of silver; to sound an alarm administration. (1-14) and a call to assembly (15 to end). • Teenage promiscuity promoted; tax-supported condoms. • Murder of the unborn. Not a normal invasion: The Lord Himself is near, with the full fury of His • 35,000 new VD cases each day. judgment. A description of the ultimate judgment. • Sin-specific plagues: AIDS. 2] “A day of darkness and of gloominess”: Darkness (an idiom that should We now live in a time where there is no link between character and be familiar to us) also found in Isa 13:10; Amos 5:18, 20; Zeph 1:15. destiny. Obadiah: all nations, esp. Edom (15). The Lord will judge sinners in an unprecedented manner. Page 8 Page 9 Three terms: darkness, hosek; cloud, anan; thick darkness, arapel. 10] “The earth shall quake before them; the heavens shall tremble: the sun These same terms describe His presence on Mt. Sinai (Deut 4:11). and the moon shall be dark, and the stars shall withdraw their shining”: Upheavals in the sky are typical on the final Day of the Lord (Isa 13:10; “Dawn”? Sense of suddenness; appearing quickly. Zeph 2:14-15; Rev 6). 3] “A fire devoureth before them; and behind them a flame burneth: the land 11] Personal appearance of the Lord. Later (3:16), He will roar like a lion from is as the garden of Eden before them, and behind them a desolate the midst of Jerusalem in wrath against those nations; “His people” will wilderness; yea, and nothing shall escape them”: A “scorched earth “ find “refuge” in Him at that time. This is a period of unbearable stress policy? Fire: Ps 50:3; Zeph 1:18; Zech 11:1; 12:6; Mal 4:1; Joel 1:19. In (cf Jer. 30:4-7; Zeph 1:14-18). front of the invasion it’s glorious; behind it, it’s desolate. Call to Repentance “Eden”: Joel’s “before/after” descriptive style. A call for national repentance. Can the Lord’s purposes be altered? 4] “The appearance of them is as the appearance of horses; and as horsemen, so shall they run”: Head of locust is horse-like. Italian word 12] “Therefore also now, saith the LORD, turn ye even to me with all your for locust: cavaletti, little horse; German: heupferde, hay horses. [cf. heart, and with fasting, and with weeping, and with mourning”: Even at locusts, Rev 9.] Here they’re also described as horse-like. this point, it is possible for the Lord to demonstrate His mercy (2 Chr 7:14!). 5] “Like the noise of chariots on the tops of mountains shall they leap, like the noise of a flame of fire that devoureth the stubble, as a strong people 13] “And rend your heart, and not your garments, and turn unto the LORD set in battle array.” your God”: God never commanded His people to rend their garments; but usually the action accompanied repentance (Gen 37:29,34; 1 Sam appearance (cid:206) to motion (cid:206) to sound. 4:12; 1 Kgs 21:27; 2 Kgs 22:11—when Josiah heard the law; Ezra 9:3, 5; Isa 37:2; Jer 36:24). [A law of Mohammed: “Ye shall not kill the locusts, for they are the army of God Almighty.”] Whole heart: Deut 6:5. The Great Commandment—if you really love the Lord, it will show in your conduct. Obey His Commandments (“not 10 6] “Before their face the people shall be much pained: all faces shall gather suggestions”), Deut 11:13-15 (cf. Joel 2:18-27). blackness (cf. Isa 13:8)”: God is saying here that from the lesser learn the greater and will be warned. [Joel 3:1-8, re: Deut 30:1] The call to repentance bears within the seeds of hope. 7] “They shall run like mighty men; they shall climb the wall like men of war; and they shall march every one on his ways, and they shall not break Our covenant-keeping God. Traditional language: Ex 34:6; Num 14:18; their ranks: [chiastic structure] Ps 86:15; 103:8; 145:8; Neh 9:17. Jonah’s perplexity upon Assyria’s (Nineveh was just the capital) repentance, 4:2. The greatest miracle in 8] Neither shall one thrust another; they shall walk every one in his the OT was their repentance. Jonah felt cheated. path: and when they fall upon the sword, they shall not be wounded.” [Note Lovingkindness, hesed, needs to be understood as demonstrating the structure.] Lord’s loyalty or faithfulness to His covenant with His people (i.e., willingness to forgive when necessary: Ex 34:6; Num 14:18; Ps 86:15). He 9] “They shall run to and fro in the city; they shall run upon the wall, they bound Himself with an oath to Abraham (Gen 22:16-17) to bless the shall climb up upon the houses; they shall enter in at the windows like nation. His people forget the covenant; He doesn’t. a thief.” Like locusts? Page 10 Page 11 “Evil” = calamity. The structure of the book of Joel is built on a comparison between what happened in the past and what will happen in the future. If the Lord had The judgment that will come with the Day of the Lord can be turned back! not responded, who would be present to hear Joel’s charge to teach God is not anxious to bring it; He would much prefer to bring a blessing. these events to their children and grandchildren (1:3)? God is more ready The fact that God did respond to His people in their crisis becomes the to bless than to blast; pledge that in the future Day of the Lord all who call upon His name will to pardon than to punish; be saved. The promise should be seen within the context of the covenant to win by love than to wound by lashing. with Israel: to Abraham, then to David, now through Joel...a promise This is the nature of God. of an everlasting relationship. 14] “Who knoweth if he will return and repent, and leave a blessing behind What About Us? him; even a meat offering and a drink offering unto the LORD your God?” [“Behind Him” contrasts with “behind them” in verse 3.] Will God answer the repentant plea of a nation marked for judgment? The cynic says: “No!” 15] “Blow the trumpet in Zion, sanctify a fast, call a solemn assembly”: Joel The religionist says: “I hope so.” is calling for national assembly; a national repentance. The believer, responding in faith: “God Will!” 16] “Gather the people, sanctify the congregation, assemble the elders, Jeremiah to Judah: (Jer 18:8) gather the children, and those that suck the breasts: let the bridegroom “If that nation, against whom I have pronounced, turn from their evil, go forth of his chamber, and the bride out of her closet”: An extreme I (God) will repent of the evil that I thought to do unto them.” sense of urgency; every single person—also preempting normal priority commitments. [Military duties normally exempt for a year after his Amos to Israel: (Amos 5:4) wedding (Deut 24:5, etc.] “Seek ye me (God) and ye shall live.” [A call to actually leave their computer terminals, FAX machines and Jonah to Nineveh: (Jon 3:10) cellular telephones...] “God repented of the evil that he had said that he would do unto them, and he did it not.” 17] “Let the priests, the ministers of the LORD, weep between the porch and the altar, and let them say, Spare thy people, O LORD”: Priests to God to Solomon: (2 Chr 7:14) intercede...(where?! Notice where they intercede. Between the porch— “If my people, which are called by my name, shall humble themselves point of choice—and the alter). and pray, and seek my face, and turn from their wicked ways; then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their Zech 1:3: “Return to me...that I may return to you.” The covenant land.” relationship. 19] “Grain, vine, tree”: Representative of the lost crops. Blessings from 18] “Then will the LORD be jealous for his land, and pity his people”: [vv.18, appeal found in vv. 24-27. The people contemporary with Joel must have 19: verbs change (waw-consecutive with the “imperfect”) to the forms responded, but the invitation to call upon God and receive His grace normally used for narrating events that have already taken place in the remains open forever! past. Talking about the future with such certainty as to refer to them almost in the past tense. 20] “But I will remove far off from you the northern army....” Page 12 Page 13 “Northerner”: Literal army? Foreign armies always invaded from the The renewal, restoration experience of those who repented: north, regardless of their origin. (Most locust plagues came from the Reminder of God’s people: His possession... south, from the desert.) [cf Antonia Fortress, etc. The north is their His protection (v. 20) vulnerable side.] Isa 14:31; Jer 1:14-15; 4:6; 6:1, 22; Ezek 38:6, 15; 39:2; His prosperity (vv. 19, 23-24) Zeph 2:13. His presence...(v. 27) How about our restoration experience? Military terms: panayw, its vanguard, its face; 27] “And ye shall know that I am in the midst of Israel, and that I am the LORD sopo, its rear guard, its end. your God, and none else: and my people shall never be ashamed.” This is not Ezekiel 38. What is in view here is Isa 10 and Dan 11. [vv. 19, [Remember, these verses are future to Chapter 1; but anterior to 2:28-3:2] 21-27: contrasts Chapter 1...a foretaste of Millennium Kingdom period.] [Hebrew Bible: Chapter 3:1-5] 22] “Be not afraid, ye beasts of the field: for the pastures of the wilderness do spring, for the tree beareth her fruit, the fig tree and the vine do yield Joel’s successful preaching in his own day foreshadowed a new era of their strength.” fresh prophetic utterance. [Creation order: earth, beasts, man...] This section deals with the spiritual and physical phenomena that will accompany the end times—looking through the broad sweep of history 23] “Be glad then, ye children of Zion, and rejoice in the LORD your God: to the day when the Lord Himself will establish His new kingdom for His for he hath given you the former rain moderately, and he will cause to people upon the earth. come down for you the rain, the former rain, and the latter rain in the first month.” 28] “And it shall come to pass afterward (after this), that I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, Rain, moreh. (In isolation, it means “teacher.”) Bible scholars note that your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions”: this is a strange, unexpected construction. Peter’s citation, (Acts 2:17) in Greek, “and it shall be in the last days” [end times—we’ll cover this later.] Moreh can mean “early rain.” Gesem is the more general word for rain. Moreh occurs in fall; malqos, “latter rain,” comes in the spring. [Remem- “All flesh”: All Israelites? Num 18:15 (+ cattle); Jer 12;12; 45:5; Ezek ber the original Hebrew calendar!] These are all future blessings; they 21:4,5; or all people on earth? Gen 6:12; Num 16:22; 27:16; Job 34:15; Ps are in response to the appeals in vv. 18-19(?) Wordplay between 145:21; Zech 2:13. teaching and rain: This wordplay can also be found in 1 Kgs 8:36; Isa 30:20-23; 45:8; Hos 6:3; 10:12. Other OT verses, pouring out of the Spirit, esp. to Israel: Isa 32;15; 44:3- 4; Ezek 36:27; 37:14; 39:29; Zech 12:10. One result: new prophetic 25] “And I will restore to you the years that the locust hath eaten, the revelation. The outpouring of the Holy Spirit results in: cankerworm, and the caterpillar, and the palmerworm, my great army which I sent among you.” [Reversed order from 1:4. Looking back? • Justice, righteousness, and peace: Isa 32:15-16. Compare the animals of Rev 13:2 with Daniel 7.] “My great army”! • Obedience; new heart: Ezek 36:25-27. Whose army? The Lord’s! • Sorrow over previous rejection: Zech 12:10. “Year(s)”...? Plural. When locusts strike, cities can be totally wiped out [All three involve the regathering in His Land.] for years. Page 14 Page 15 144,000? In Joel: ultimately the entire population. Dreams and visions; speak in tongues. Both to encourage the listener... NT came into existence through a new burst of revelation. Unified 29] “And also upon the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will around apostles teaching, Acts 2:42. I pour out my spirit.” Menservants and maidservants would include Gentiles (Deut 20:10-14; Gen 30:3, 9; 1 Chr 2:34-35). Women as well as Prophetic sermons: men (cf Deborah, Judg 5; Miriam, Ex 15:20-21; Huldah to King Josiah, 2 Peter, Acts 3; 10:34-43 Kgs 22:11-20; NT: Luke 2:36). Stephen, Acts 7 Visions: Pouring out irrespective of: Risen Christ, Acts 7:56; 9:3-7 • age (young and old) Toward Cornelius, Acts 10:9-20 • sex (sons and daughters) Others in Acts: • position (servants and handmaids) 8:26-40; 12:7-10; 13:2, 9-11; 16:6-10; 21:11 “Signs and wonders” (while different): ...no barriers nor hindrances to the gifts of the Spirit. Three modes: Peter stressed, 2:22; dreams, visions, prophecy (same as Num 12:6). Not the first mention of Luke 23:44-45 (astronomical) outpouring (Isa 32:15; 44:3,4; Ezek 36:27, 28; 37:14; 39:29; Zech 12:10). Differences 30] “And I will shew wonders in the heavens and in the earth, blood, and fire, and pillars of smoke.” Has this happened yet? Sun did not darken; moon did not turn to blood. Lord didn’t appear with wrath against the nations. Peter knew well that the Day of the Lord had “Time of Jacob’s Trouble” (Jer 30:4-9; Zech 12:2-9; 14:1-2). not come yet: He says so in 2 Pet 3:10. Wonders, to inspire awe (cf Ex 4:21; 1 Kgs 13:3,5; 2 Chr 32:24; Zech 3:8; “In the Last Days” Rev 6:12-17). Gen 49:1 be’aharit hayyamim 31] “The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before ep eschaton ton hemeron the great and the terrible day of the LORD come”: Signs preceded the (Jacob’s future...) presence of the Lord Himself on the earth, and on the Day of Yahweh’s Isa 2:2 be’aharit hayyamim wrath proper. ep eschaton ton hemerais (Millennium...) 32] “And it shall come to pass, that whosoever shall call on the name of the Ezek 38:16 be’aharit hayyamim LORD shall be delivered”: None need perish in the Day of the Lord! ep eschaton ton hemeron Those who escape: Petra, Isa 16:1-4; Rev 12:14-17(?); Obad 17; Isa 37:31- (Gog’s future battle...) 32. Heb 1:2 ep eschaton ton chronon 1 Pet 1:20 ep eschaton ton hemeron Citation in Acts 2:17-21 (Second Coming of Christ...) Similarities Role of the Gentiles? Lord pours out the Holy Spirit on the community of regathered Israel. It’s unlikely that Peter used the Joel passage in a Gentile context: Acts (Jews present from all over the Diaspora.) shows the early reluctance on this issue (for about 20 years!). Paul later explains the “grafting” of the wild branch into the cultivated olive tree (Rom 11:17). Page 16 Page 17 God’s purposes for Israel will yet be accomplished. Meantime, Gentiles 1] “For, behold, in those days, and in that time, when I shall bring again the enjoy the unique blessings of the age of grace. (All families... Gen 12:3) captivity of Judah and Jerusalem...”: The regathering of Israel is a prerequisite of the end times. Jer 23:1-8; Ezek 37:15-22. Summary 2/3 of population killed: Zech 13:8 1/2 Jerusalem taken captive: Zech 14:2 Pentecost: fulfillment in miniature; Joel saw the end point of the whole process; Peter focused on the onset. This is a guarantee that He would 2] “I will also gather all nations, and will bring them down into the valley complete the entirety; an inauguration; firstfruits. of Jehoshaphat, and will plead with them there for my people and for my heritage Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations, and parted There is no reason to restrict his statement about the gifts of the Spirit my land.” to one particular occasion. If the Spirit was given at Pentecost, and Joel described it to include the final Day of the Lord, there is no basis to Jehoshaphat—untranslated word meaning “Yahweh judges”—only exclude the gifts today—since we are certainly still between these two mention in Scripture: (Targum: “plain of division”). Idiomatic, not literal, points of time! cf Zech 12:1-3, 9; 14:2-4; Isa 29:1-8. Joel 3 Beracah Valley? W of Tekoa, E of the road to Hebron. Where God [Hebrew Bible: 4:1-21] defeated the Ammonites, the Moabites, and the Edomites on behalf of Jehoshaphat, King of Judah (2 Chr 20). No prophet of the Old Testament has a more important revelation of the end times than Joel in this third chapter. The Day of the Lord is a period Kidron Valley? Tradition only from Eusebius’ time, 4th century A.D. Between the Temple Mount and the Mount of Olives. (Not necessarily of time from the Tribulation to the passing away of the heavens and earth near Jerusalem, despite 3:16; cf Amos 1:2, roaring ref. Mt. Carmel.) (2 Pet 3:10). Zechariah mentions a “very large valley” when the Lord’s feet touch the Mount of Olives (Zech 14:4). Zech 12, 14, and Ps 2 contain key passages about the Day of the Lord; also Mt 25:31-46. Pre-millennial Judgment (Sheep & Goats) not to be Nations judged for the diaspora, et al. (cf Matt 25:31-46) “My brethren,” confused with the Great White Throne Judgment of Rev 20 (Post- also Mt 24:29-31. “Little do the nations realize how they incur the wrath millennial). of God when they lay violent hands upon His heritage and the plant of His choosing.” (Feinberg) Joel will be dealing with a time where for Gentiles it’s a pouring out of His wrath; and for Israel it’s a restitution to glory and blessing. Let’s Very personal relationship between The Lord and His people: “my” (3X); look at Israel from Joel to today: “Ammi’” of Hos 2:23. The Diaspora Jew The Gentiles partition His Land? Cf. The Lord’s partitioning, and the institution of the Year of Jubilee (Lev 25). The Lord apportioned each The torture of the Spanish Inquisition; tribe their nahala, or portion. The Gentiles’ heinous crime is their the stench of the European ghettos; dividing it up for themselves. the sword of the Russian pogroms; the heel of the Nazi annihilation... 3] “And they have cast lots for my people; and have given a boy for an Israel was warned of these if they were disobedient: Lev 26; Deut 4:25- harlot, and sold a girl for wine, that they might drink.” Common atrocities 31; 28:15-68. Jacob’s Trouble: Jer 30:7; Zech 14:2. in war (Obad 13-14; Zech 14:2). Page 18 Page 19