THE BOOK OF THE HUNDREDS Fourth Edition Revised - With Updates containing Prolegomena to Current Martial Rule Matters concerning His Lawful assembly The Non-Statutory Abatement Handbook Written by the several bondmen and unprofitable servants of our Lord and Saviour Jesus the Christ Dedication and Acknowledgment Published under the Authority of our Lord and Saviour Jesus the Christ to edify His whole Lawful assembly, on this Glorious day of His Eternal Reign We give thanks to our Lord and Saviour Jesus the Christ for showing us the Way for us to walk in; for being, expressing and revealing the Truth in Love to us; for being the Life and revealing to all what it means to live for our Father, Abba; and confirming all of the foregoing by paying the ultimate price for all of us who believe on Him, Who now has made manifest all Righteous Judgment of and by the Father. We also give thanks to Him for the diligent labors of our fellow-servants -- our Brothers and Sisters of His assemblies throughout His Everlasting Kingdom -- who, without their vast and continuing fellowship, exhortation, and knowledge concerning His Word and the Power thereof, this book would not otherwise be. We also give thanks to Him for their loving and supporting wives and little ones, for without their support and love for their husbands and fathers, the house is divided and cannot stand. Glory be to God for having them maintain their houses under the Blessed Lordship of Jesus the Christ. They are truly a sanctified and peculiar people worthy of the High and Noble calling of "the Christ's bondmen and unprofitable servants." We give thanks to God our Father and His Anointed One for bringing to us His children's love and fellowship, and ask that His called-out ones keep us in their prayers, as we keep them in ours. We know the battle is the Lord's, and that all time, space, and reality is in His Mighty Hand to command as He sees fit. Who can stay it? or who commands Him Who holds the worlds, and their destinies, in His Righteous Hand? Now unto the King Eternal, Immortal, Invisible, the only Wise God, be Honour and Glory for ever and ever. So be it, so be it. Preface concerning "The Hundreds" of England and America It is from "the Hundreds" of ancient England that the title of this book is derived. It is only the title and this Preface that directs its attention to the Hundreds for the purpose of demonstrating the fact that when our Father's "old paths" are abandoned, all of His children (as it was with the children of Israel) fall into captivity under the lordship and despotism of merchandising men. Long ago in England, while that remote island, at large, was under the rule of the Anglo-Saxon kings of the earth, small groups of Godly men and their families gathered together within their shire (later, the king's county) to deal with that which they knew is upon our Lord's shoulder -- government. Within these shires, groups of families called tithings (ten families) further united into ten tithings under the Lordship of the Christ to form what we know today as "the Hundred." In this, they were aware of our Father's Proverb, "Many wait on the favor of rulers, but justice comes to a man from the Lord" Proverbs 29:26 (LXX). Therefore, the members of each Hundred, as a whole, took responsibility for the crimes and defaults of each and every one of its members, and were therefore diligent as to who remained within their Hundred and who did not belong. With each and every member involved, they formed their own hundred and shire courts, chose their own constable of the hundred and reeve of the shire (later, the king's constable and sheriff), etc., all independent of the so-called "king's prerogative," and dispensed justice as The Word directed. That was the way it was for several centuries, until the subsequent generations composing the Hundred began "to look to the favor of rulers." Though there is little known concerning the specifics of the change that came about, we must recognize that those subsequent generations must have forgotten, as their forefathers never forgot, that their lives were not their own but belonged to the King of Kings, and not to the merchant kings of the earth and their swarms of officers. Hereafter within this Preface is a short history of what is known today of the transition from a government that was upon the Christ's shoulder (the light yoke), to a government that joined itself to the kings and merchants of the earth (the heavy yoke), and took on the burdens that men put upon other men's backs. In its transition, we see how and why we are left with still another history of the un-Godly governments of men contained in the next 92 pages of this book. In Truth, we but only need to look to The Word to know these things, and thereby avoid them before they come about: "If thou sit to sup at the table of a prince, [*Satan is the prince of this world] consider attentively the things set before thee: and apply thine hand, knowing that it behooves thee to prepare such: but if thou art very insatiable, desire not his provisions; for these belong to a false life." Proverbs 23:1-3 (LXX) The following condensed history of the transition from a Godly government within the Hundreds, to a false life under the rulership of earthly kings, and their merchant churches, governors, presidents, etc., is from a book titled "The Hundred and The Hundred Rolls" (1930) 296 pp., by Helen Cam: "Superceded by the Poor Law Union and the Urban and Rural District, the Hundred has receded so rapidly into the mists of the past that the first associations to be called up by its name are likely to be those of remote antiquity--of the Germany of Tacitus, the Gaul of Clovis or the England of Edgar the Peaceable. Both the hundred and the shire courts were held at stated intervals (once a month) during the time of the Anglo-Saxons. Before the Norman conquest of 1066 judicial activities, both secular and spiritual, had been concentrated in these local assemblies, at which the local custom was declared and enforced, titles to property were established, and violence condemned, if not punished. Justice was administered and law declared by those who attended the court. The shire- moot (shire court) and hundred-moot (hundred court) met in the open air. By declaring custom and determining procedure in doubtful cases these courts were in effect making law, though law of only local application; in the Middle Ages no clear dividing line could be drawn between jurisdiction and legislation. The shire-moots of the tenth and eleventh centuries are sometimes referred to as the witan of such or such a shire; they were indeed as organs of self-government of far more practical importance than the central witan--that indeterminate collection of nobles and clergy whose powers varied inversely with those of the Anglo-Saxon kings. Out of the early hundreds came the office of constable who was responsible for keeping the peace, the maintenance of watches, and, for the mustering of the armed men of the hundred. And, while the shire itself did not escape its share of public duties, the men of the hundred had personal status that was outside the purview of the king's law. Then after 1066, William the Conqueror called on the shire-moot for co-operation. For a king who had from the first steadily maintained that he was the lawful heir of the Confessor, and who stood for the principles of justice in accordance with the laws of God and of man, the shire-moot was bound to be the tribunal for settling controversies as to the claims of Norman bishops and earls who had been granted all the lands and the rights of English predecessors. Not only the Archbishop of Canterbury but many other men between 1066 and 1087 made good their claims in a shire court by the witness of the good men, or, more particularly, the old men, of the shire, a specially appointed royal delegate presiding to see that justice was done and to record the judgment. By 1086 the shires must have been used to the sight of the king's justice sitting in their court, and to the new procedure of the sworn inquest as a means of getting definite answers to definite questions. William's successors continued to use the hundred-moot and shire-moot for their own purposes. With the advent of Henry I, it was decided by royal proclamation that it was necessary to forbid sheriffs to summon extraordinary shire-moots and hundred-moots without royal warrant. Under Henry I, as visits of royal justices became more regular, the transformation of shire-moot into king's court must have become a stereotyped process. At a special joint assembly of the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk before a royal steward in 1148, or thereabouts, the old knight whose testimony settles the matter observes incidentally that for fifty years he has been attending shire courts and hundred courts, since before the days of King Henry, when peace and justice flourished in the land. But Henry II did more than return to his grandfather's tradition: he took the decisive step which drew the courts of the shire into the main stream of constitutional development. It was not merely to use its old procedure on the king's behalf; it was to be taught a new procedure: the suitors of the court were to become not only judges but jurors. The king's justice's, now sitting in the shire court, were to call upon the knights of the shire and the men of the hundred to give answer, in sworn dozens, to questions put to them--not only to specific questions as to royal dues, but to sweeping questions such as: 'Is there anybody in your hundred whom you suspect to be a thief or a receiver of thieves?' Gradually there opened up by means of these juries of presentment a way for the complaints and wishes of the country-side to reach the king. The demand for information was in effect transformable into an invitation to complain; and complaints came to the king's court of a fullness that would have been embarrassing if they had been seriously taken as a programme for action. The contact was established, not merely a personal but an official contact, between the courts of the shire and the king's court. By 1258, the king was far off; the earls and barons were usually absentees, represented in the county by their stewards; it was the knights who ran the local government, both as holders in turn of the post of sheriff as coroners, and as suitors and controllers of the county court, where their duties were steadily increasing as the century advanced. Here they were required to discuss taxation, to hear the king's letters and ordinances, to elect the county coroners, to serve on special juries and inquests, and to appoint plenipotentiaries to speak for the whole county in the king's court, both on fiscal and on political matters. Alongside the sheriff and his clerk, concerned with the batch of writs to be dealt with, of legal business to be got through, of criminal inquiries to be made, of debts to be collected, if possible before the court broke up, and of royal proclamations to be published, we can see the body of knights, jealous for the custom of the county and their own rights as suitors, not above bribing the sheriff to favour their individual causes, but ready in a moment to sink their differences in defense of the vested interests of their body, and to draft common petitions or representations to the king if any magnate or official had attacked those interests. Thus we find the gentlemen of Devon drawing up the list of charges still preserved at Oxford against their sheriff, Roga of Pridias, in 1272, accusing him of oppression of both rich and poor and of invasion of the liberties of the shire, winding up with the complaint that he is not a native of the county and a demand for his dismissal. The shire courts, in becoming an agent of the central government, had not ceased to be the articulate embodiment of local esprit de corps. As for the hundreds, royal proclamations became the recognized law, and it was the sheriff's business to summon twice a year each hundred to the great court, or tourn, where a much larger attendance was exacted; and it was an event of some importance to the central government, for it produced a good deal of revenue. But the outstanding significance of the tourn is that it linked up the hundred to the royal system of police and criminal law, just as the local inquests in land cases linked it to the new royal justice in civil matters." The Hundred and Hundred Rolls, excerpts from pages 1-19. Table of Contents Part One - Prolegomena to Current Martial Rule.................................................................................... [1] The Overview.................................................................................................................................... [4] Riches to Rags: The Decline of the Power of the Church..............…............................................... [6] An Act for Establishing Religious Freedom............................................................................................. .. [11] The Rise of Humanism...................................................................................................................... [13] From Cottage to Factory ............…................................................................................................... [20] Enter the Dragon................................................................................................................................ [31] THE NEW NATIONALISM..........................................................................................................…......... [34] A Newer, Even a Better Deal?.......................................................................................................... [73] Final Remarks.................................................................................................................................... [78] Commerce vs. Unalienable Rights.................................................................................................... [81] Conclusion......................................................................................................................................... [90] Part Two - Matters concerning His Lawful assembly............................................................................... [93] The Simplicity as to the Christ, Part One.......................................................................................... [93] The Simplicity as to the Christ, Part Two, the general post-office................................................... [95] Reviving the general post office ...................................................................................................... [97] Letter of Appointment- the general post-office.................................................................................. [98] Engrafted Evidence - Who do you express? ........................................................................................ [99] Fictions of law - Human beings and other Humanist creations.............................................................. [102] The Dark Side of Common Law - The Law Merchant........................................................................ [104] Consent: Implied and Express …................................................................................................... [107] It's All in the Name!!! …................................................................................................................ [110] That Knock on the Door.................................................................................................................... [112] Myths of the 'Patriot Movement'....................................................................................................... [114] The Long Road Out of Commerce.................................................................................................... [119] The Unincorporated Church so-called............................................................................................... [121] The Merchants of the Earth and their Merchandisers........................................................................ [124] Bank Accounts................................................................................................................................... [127] The Alternatives................................................................................................................................. [131] From the Beginning it was Not So.................................................................................................... [133] The State's "church"......................................................................................................................... [138] The Separation of Church and State?................................................................................................ [142] Rebutting Presumptions..................................................................................................................... [146] Another Daniel in the Lion's Den...................................................................................................... [150] Another Daniel in the Lion's Den again............................................................................................ [162] Another Daniel in the Lion's Den again (continued) ....................................................................... [170] The Power of His Word..................................................................................................................... [172] The Power of His Word ...continued................................................................................................. [176] How Unlawful Courts Gain Jurisdiction........................................................................................... [179] Part Three - The Non-Statutory Abatement Handbook .......................................................................... [183] Preface .............................................................................................................................................. [183] Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... [184] Who Non-Statutory Abatements are for............................................................................................ [185] Who Non-Statutory Abatements are not for...................................................................................... [185] What Non-Statutory Abatements Do................................................................................................ [185] Faith in God Works........................................................................................................................... [186] Non-Statutory Abatements: What They Are and What They Were Never Meant To Be................................... [187] What Abatements Are..................................................................................................................... [189] What They Were Never Meant To Be............................................................................................... [190] The General Guidelines..................................................................................................................... [191] Plea Out of Bar.................................................................................................................................. [192] On Appearance.................................................................................................................................. [193] The Rules of English......................................................................................................................... [196] What's in a Word?............................................................................................................................. [198] Letters from the provisional Government......................................................................................... [198] Response Tactics of Imperial Powers............................................................................................... [199] Response Tactics of the bondservant of Christ ................................................................................ [201] Misnomer.......................................................................................................................................... [202] Kitchen Sinkers................................................................................................................................. [203] On the Uniform Commercial Code................................................................................................... [204] Conflict of Laws................................................................................................................................ [204] Recognizing Defective Process......................................................................................................... [205] Address vs. Location......................................................................................................................... [205] Serve It, Don't File It !!!.................................................................................................................... [206] God's superior court?......................................................................................................................... [206] Serving Non-Statutory Abatement Processes................................................................................... [207] Actions Against Women................................................................................................................... [207] general post-office ............................................................................................................................ [208] Additional 'Non-Stautory Abatement' Information........................................................................... [210] Older Non-Stautory Abatement and Processes ................................................................................. [216] Serving the Non-Statutory Abatement Processes ............................................................................. [217] Commentary on the Older Non-Statutory Abatement ...................................................................... [218] Executing the Process........................................................................................................................ [232] Check List for the Non-Statutory Abatement Process...................................................................... [235] Sample (Older) Abatement ........................................................................................................... [236] Commentary on the changes to the 'Default and Default Judgment' ............................................... [245] Sample (Older) Default and Default Judgment .............................................................................. [246] The (Older) Public Notices with Commentary ................................................................................ [236] Abatement of Traffic Ticket, Arrest Warrant or court papers ......................................................... [252] Foreclosure Abatement, or other bank related matters .................................................................... [253] Coverture Abatement, for wives, children, unmarried Christian sisters and widows ..................... [254] Notice of Federal Tax Lien or Levy Abatement .............................................................................. [256] Public Notice: Notice of Default....................................................................................................... [257] Public Notice: Notice of Default and Entry of Default Judgment ................................................... [258] Newest Non-Statutory Abatement Updates........................................................................................ [259] Various Changes from the Older Abatements ................................................................................. [259] Letter of Appointment - for Service of Abatement and Default ........................................................... [262] Newest Sample Abatement............................................................................................................. [238] Posting - Notice of Default.............................................................................................................. [270] Sample Default and Default Judgment ............................................................................................ [274] Posting - Notice of Default and Entry of Default Judgment............................................................ [249] Posting - Notice to All Breaking the close over this land............................................................... [275] Maxims of Law in Abatements .................................................................................................................. [276] Glossary - of Key Words and Phrases..............................................................................................................[280] Recommended Study Materials ................................................................................................................. [270] Part One Prolegomena to Current Martial Rule This Work is written for those Good and Lawful Christian Men and Women who have spent the time in court, paid the price behind bars, survived the beatings, false arrests, and harassment; and those who are victims of patriot1 remedies, common law court scams, Uniform Commercial Codes, Title 42 suits, and many others. It seems that not a day goes by before a new "silver bullet," "some hot new process" "that's got'em runnin' scared" comes down the road. It may be called by some unfamiliar legal sounding name, like a 'cancellatura,' or it may have a very legal sound, such as a 'Notice of Refusal for Fraud', 'pro se' litigation, 'The Flag of Peace,' 'Bill of Particulars' and many rescission packages that never affect the public record; and of course, the secular 'jural' societies [which are persona non standi in judicio]. The ignorant, unsuspecting and all too trusting fail to look behind these "processes" at the trail of bodies left behind by these illusions of Law, based on natural reason. All of these, like so many in the past, will, in a few weeks or months, be seen for what they are. Meanwhile, the people of God will get burned again for their ignorance and continue to suffer for their lack of any real knowledge of Law. Just to avoid any confusion about which Law we refer to, it is God's Law manifested and revealed in our Sovereign Lord and Saviour Jesus, the Christ, upon whose shoulder the real and Lawful government rests. Many are under the gun as they read this and are frustrated and impatient to get to the meat. We understand this. But, the Prolegomena is important for many reasons, of which the most important of all is, understanding how modern government works. Most, if not all Christians in America, have no working or workable knowledge or concept of what constituted government is supposed to be under God. Much has been written about this ignorance and malaise: After the Civil War the new northern business class developed a new body of anti-governmental ideas. Typically, William Graham Sumner used social Darwinism as the theoretical basis for an attack on government, oblivious of the fascist implications of his program for suppression of the economically unsuccessful. * * * Throughout American history, economy has been equated with virtue and spending with sin. This is the hostile intellectual environment in which the American Leviathan has grown up, the bastard offspring of anti-governmentalism and world politics. * * * The uneasiness of people about the growth of the government is related to the inadequacy of public explanations of the phenomenon. Public men have risked their necks in the process. They have been denounced as thieves, enemies of the people, spend-thrifts, socialists, communists, and subverters of the Republic, as bit by bit they backed into the future amid warnings of bankruptcy, scandal, and ruin. [*The author recalls President Taft saying fifty years ago that he anticipated with foreboding a future Congress that might spend a billion dollars.] Americans have been surprised and confused about the growth of their government because they have been watching the wrong set of facts. They have been obsessed with the introverted view of government and did not see the exterior factors that stimulate government most powerfully. The impact of war on government is evident throughout American history. Each war enlarged the capacity of the government to do things. Thereafter the enlarged capacity of the government turned out to be too useful to be given up.2 1. "PATRIOT. Mistakenly (with possessive) as if = upholder, devotee: mid-C 17. Weever, 1631 'A Patriot of Truth.' O.E.D." A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (1961), p. 610. [Emphasis added.] 2. Two Hundred Million Americans in Search of a Government by E.E. Schattschneider (1969), p. 32. [*Insertions in brackets added]. 1 For a moment, let us look at the Budget numbers of the Federal government receipts after its wars. Years Average Annual Receipts War ..% annual increase 1789-1812 $ 869,000 After the Colonial War 1813-1865 3,226,526 War of 1812 371% 1861-1865 32,181,400 Lincoln's War 997% 1866-1898 73,277,090 Pre-Spanish-American War 228% 1898-1900 86,863,000 Spanish-American War 19% 1899-1917 193,626,811 World War I 226% 1918-1945 6,371,213,400 Thru World War II 3,290% 1945-1950 39,645,600,000 Up to the Korean War 622% 1951-1965 62,927,550,000 To the Viet Nam War 159% 1966-1976 197,988,000,000 The Viet Nam War 315% 3 1977-1987 622,211,675,405 Post Viet Nam 314% The Chart speaks for itself. Obviously, the Humanist knows the significance of the Biblical mandate to build: line upon line, precept upon precept, etc. This is how they build budgets and the Tower of Babel. Note that the greatest increases came under two Presidents; Lincoln (a 997% increase) in Federal Receipts, and Roosevelt with a whopping 3,290% increase in Federal Receipts. 4 We need only add that the above do not reflect the beginning of the P.B.D.S. , which Lincoln started with a deficit of $2.7 billion deficit at the end of his war. "... What does the budget say? Normally about 75 percent of the federal budget is spent for defense and defense related activities. The ratio of defense to non-defense expenditures holds in Republican as well as Democratic administrations, in wartime as well as peace. Congress passes defense appropriation bills by overwhelming bipartisan votes — not like other appropriations. How can we say that we know what government is, if we do not listen to what the budget says? [*Indeed this testifies to the fact that Christians do not follow the Scriptural prohibition against putting their faith in man.] Defense is the biggest industry in the country. Education is second. That is what the oyster is like, hard on the outside and soft on the inside. The most potent stimulus to the growth of government comes from the outside, and a hundred governments can generate tensions for which there are no easily imagined physical equivalents. [*In one 5 estimate, 14,513 wars were fought in the past five thousand years.] It is true that the government is very much more than a defense organization. It is extremely multi- functional. Nobody has ever established a government to lay a sidewalk, but once people have a government they find that it can be used to do many things. Governments pick up a multitude of assignments because as guardians of the community they have the prestige, the organization, and the resources to do things that no one else can do. Among all of the other advantages they have, governments, unlike business corporations, do not need to make a profit [*because of their inherent taxing power]. So governments are used to do most of the unprofitable work of the community. The great administrative establishment developed for military purposes can be used for civil purposes, as the Army engineers were used to dig the Panama canal [*and they were used for a number of domestic civil projects, the building of the Sepulveda dam project in the San Fernando Valley in California for example]. The civil functions of government expand with the defense establishment, because the general capacity of the government is enlarged every time the defense organization expands. 3. Compiled from data in The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1993, at page 127. 4. Perpetual Budget Deficit Syndrome. 5. Letter dated December 6, 1967, by Andrew W. Cordier of the Fund of Education in World Order. 2 Thus the tensions that make governments also make governments grow. It follows from the foregoing discussion that it is impossible to understand politics until we know what government is. The introverted view of government confuses all concepts of politics. If we misunderstand government we are likely to misconceive the whole game. The cause of government does not cease working once a government has been formed, and a cause potent enough to make a government is strong enough to play a role in its politics. * * * [*Thus] This growth has taken place in spite of a structure that hobbled and handcuffed it [*The previous Constitution]. The fact that the government has survived and has grown powerful is due to factors not to be found in the language of the Constitution nor the political theory behind it. * * * The theories of politics growing out of the introverted view of government neglect the role of world tensions in the formation, strength, growth, and behavior of government. Charles Beard, starting with an introverted view of government, saw no difficulty in explaining the work of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 as a successful effort of the commercial and financial interests in the country to take over the government. Beard neglected the likelihood that the hard-headed revolutionaries who organized the Convention wanted a government able to defend the new country in its infancy. The sleeper in the new 6 constitution was the war power." The new war power is open and obvious for all who have eyes to see. It is this war power that is examined herein. It is a full-orbed power today, but it was not the war power delegated to the office holders of government by the original Constitution. It is power based on presuppositions that are utterly separate, distinct, foreign and strange to the presuppositions of the Framers. This work gives a historical overview of what has happened to Our system of laws since the early 1800's, and it documents the true nature of the current "legal" system in America that must be understood before one studies the remedies in Parts Two and Three. It was, after all, the change in the legal system that permitted annual Federal Receipts to go out of control after Lincoln's War. The Glossary deals with the meaning of specific words and phrases as used by the system. We may use the same words as those in the system, but, Our meaning and the public's perception of the same words' meaning - are never the same. The Reader must know the difference so that he or she does not argue at cross presuppositions and thus make the same mistakes as thousands of others in the past. The system used by the provisional governments today is the old Roman Imperial system of law. If the Reader does not understand the meaning and significance of this, he or she will not understand why we've written this book, why we encourage Christian reform and reconstruction in Christian Jural Societies under Christ Jesus, or why Non-Statutory Abatements have been so successful over the past three and a half years. In this Fourth Edition of the Book of the Hundreds, removing 'Our Sovereign Lord and Saviour Jesus, the Christ' from the Abatements will result in failure, and rightly and deservedly so, for Law does not exist without the sanctioning Authority of its Sovereign. And if the Law does not exist without the Authority of its Sovereign, then the protection afforded by that Law does not exist. Thus, it is suggested that you study and know Part One before your first popular assembly to form a Christian Jural Society. And, most certainly before you write and serve your first Non-Statutory Abatement. Especially is this true in this Edition. You must know the Gospel of Christ and see it as a manual of Law to see through the 'illusions of the world' and to find your way out of Babylon. We will all see beyond all reasonable doubt, that "without Christ ye can do nothing." We pray earnestly that you will see that you are not alone, and that we at the Press are not criticizing your present viewpoint or the quality of your Christian knowledge and commitment to Christ. It is our earnest hope you will either verify what is in these pages, or disprove it with solid proof of the same or improved quality to what is offered here, all for the edification and understanding of the Christian church. 6. Two Hundred Million Americans in Search of a Government, by E.E. Schattschneider (1969), pp. 33-34. [*Emphasis and insertions added]. 3 The Overview Many ideas led up to and ended in Lincoln's War Against All Christian States. They were anti-Christian and constituted a radical shift from the Christian Customs and Usages that founded America. In summary, these were: a. A decline of the intellectual power of Christian thought and work, and a lapse into subjective emotionalism and pietism, that manifest itself as a kind of feminization of the church. b. The rise of Humanism to fill the intellectual void left by retreating Christians, that ended in the loss of Christian control in all areas of life - by 1860. For example, between the Colonial War and Lincoln's War, Christians lost control of more than one hundred fifty of the top universities and colleges. c. The decline of cottage industry and rise of big business as small de-centralized manufacturing in the home and small shops was replaced by massive centralized manufacturing in factories. The demand for more capital to finance bigger business led to an increase in the number and size of commercial banks and stock corporations, and enormous pressure on the Federal and State governments to enact laws that would assist the growth of commerce. The consequent rise in Federal power and spending meant the decline of local self-government. Voids in leadership were filled by the State and Federal powers, but in order to do this, a change in the Constitutional idea of civil government changed from a consociation of Christian states to a national union wherein the federal power is supreme over all others. d. The centralization of power in the President was uncontrollable because of the clear lack of specific Constitutional restraints. Congress acquiesced and aided Northern commercial interests, crippled by Jefferson's seizure of power in New England. The Northern secessionist movement, however, needed the South to secede as well in order to get the two-thirds vote necessary to end the binding effect of the Constitution. e. Lincoln took the lack of restraints on Presidential power to its logical conclusion, and seized total power when Congress adjourned sine die on March 28th, 1861. This ended the original de jure government under the Constitution. No one, especially the Christian church, did anything to stop Lincoln, who initiated the War against the South without the slightest Constitutional, legal, or lawful authority. He created the debt funding system used by every President since, to increase the national debt and fund a further expansion of Federal power - while in bankruptcy. This, coupled with the Reconstruction Acts as continuing war measures, have produced the current Martial Rule government with its administrative codes, rules, regulations, etc., and culminated in the present Federal power. f. After Lincoln's New World model was firmly in place, every President after him found the allure of his new powers too strong to resist. It appears that none sought to roll back these powers and there came about the usual power conflicts between the President and Congress which always seemed to settle on the side of the President. With the advent of Franklin D. Roosevelt, a quantum increase in the President's power took place and our current government, the very perfection of the New World Order, was completed. g. The Christian church went corporate and thereby placed itself in an inferior position which meant that the New Church was powerless to raise its voice against the new government created by Lincoln and continually sustained by every administration and party from that day to this. 4