The Blackwell Companion to Catholicism Edited by James J. Buckley, Frederick Christian Bauerschmidt, and Trent Pomplun The Blackwell Companion to Catholicism Blackwell Companions to Religion The Blackwell Companions to Religion series presents a collection of the most recent scholarship and knowledge about world religions. Each volume draws together newly-commissioned essays by distinguished authors in the field, and is presented in a style which is accessible to under- graduate students, as well as scholars and the interested general reader. These volumes approach the subject in a creative and forward-thinking style, providing a forum in which leading scholars in the field can make their views and research available to a wider audience. Published The Blackwell Companion to Judaism Edited by Jacob Neusner and Alan J. Avery-Peck The Blackwell Companion to Sociology of Religion Edited by Richard K. Fenn The Blackwell Companion to the Hebrew Bible Edited by Leo G. Perdue The Blackwell Companion to Postmodern Theology Edited by Graham Ward The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism Edited by Gavin Flood The Blackwell Companion to Political Theology Edited by Peter Scott and William T. Cavanaugh The Blackwell Companion to Protestantism Edited by Alister E. McGrath and Darren C. Marks The Blackwell Companion to Modern Theology Edited by Gareth Jones The Blackwell Companion to Christian Ethics Edited by Stanley Hauerwas and Samuel Wells The Blackwell Companion to Religious Ethics Edited by William Schweiker The Blackwell Companion to Christian Spirituality Edited by Arthur Holder The Blackwell Companion to the Study of Religion Edited by Robert A. Segal The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’ān Edited by Andrew Rippin The Blackwell Companion to Contemporary Islamic Thought Edited by Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi’ The Blackwell Companion to the Bible and Culture Edited by John F.A. Sawyer The Blackwell Companion to Catholicism Edited by James J. Buckley, Frederick Christian Bauerschmidt, and Trent Pomplun Forthcoming The Blackwell Companion to the New Testament Edited by David Aune The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity Edited by Ken Parry The Blackwell Companion to Catholicism Edited by James J. Buckley, Frederick Christian Bauerschmidt, and Trent Pomplun © 2007 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd except for editorial material and organization © 2007 by James J. Buckley, Frederick Christian Bauerschmidt, and Trent Pomplun BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148–5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of James J. Buckley, Frederick Christian Bauerschmidt, and Trent Pomplun to be identified as the Authors of the Editorial Material in this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First published 2007 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1 2007 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Blackwell Companion to Catholicism / edited by James J. Buckley, Frederick Christian Bauerschmidt, and Trent Pomplun p. cm.—(Blackwell companions to religion) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-1224-6 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4051-1224-7 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Catholic church. I. Buckley, James Joseph, 1947– II. Bauerschmidt, Frederick Christian. III. Pomplun, Trent. BX880.B53 2007 282—dc22 2006019316 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. Set in 10 on 12.5 pt Photina by The Running Head Limited, Cambridge, www.therunninghead.com Printed and bound in Singapore by C.O.S. Printers Pte Ltd The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards. For further information on Blackwell Publishing, visit our website: www.blackwellpublishing.com Contents Notes on Contributors ix Introduction 1 James J. Buckley, Frederick Christian Bauerschmidt, and Trent Pomplun Part I Catholic Histories 5 1 The Old Testament 7 Claire Mathews McGinnis 2 The New Testament 22 Luke Timothy Johnson 3 The Early Church 36 Angela Russell Christman 4 The Middle Ages 49 Frederick Christian Bauerschmidt 5 The Reformation 63 Carlos M.N. Eire 6 Modernity and Post-Modernity 81 Peter J. Casarella Part II Catholic Cultures 97 7 The Holy Land 99 David B. Burrell vi CONTENTS 8 India 112 Charles J. Borges 9 Africa 127 Emmanuel Katongole 10 Europe 143 Emmanuel Perrier 11 Great Britain and Ireland 159 Fergus Kerr and D. Vincent Twomey 12 Latin America 173 Angel F. Méndez Montoya 13 North America 189 Sandra Yocum Mize 14 Asia 205 Peter C. Phan 15 Oceania 221 Tracey Rowland Part III Catholic Doctrines 235 16 The Practice of Catholic Theology 237 Joseph A. DiNoia 17 The Development of Doctrine 251 John E. Thiel 18 God 268 Robert Barron 19 Creation and Anthropology 282 Mary Aquin O’Neill 20 Jesus Christ 297 Edward T. Oakes 21 Mary 312 Trent Pomplun CONTENTS vii 22 Church 326 Avery Cardinal Dulles 23 The Liturgy and Sacraments 340 Susan. K. Wood 24 Moral Theology 354 David Matzko McCarthy 25 The End 371 James J. Buckley Part IV Catholic Practices 387 26 Spirituality 389 Wendy M. Wright 27 Institutions 403 John A. Coleman 28 The Holy See 418 Francis A. Sullivan 29 Ecumenism 432 Michael Root 30 Inter-Religious Dialog 449 Gavin D’Costa 31 Art and Literature 463 Patrick Sherry 32 Science and Theology 477 Michael Heller 33 Justice and Peace 490 Kelly Johnson Index 505