The Biology of DNA Tumor Viruses With an Introduction by Renata Oulbecco Milestones in Current Research Collections of Influential Contributions in Key Areas of Science ====== ====== Series Editor: Samuel Schiminovich Volume 1: THE BIOLOGY OF DNA TUMOR VIRUSES With an Introduction by Renato Dulbecco The Biology of Tumor Viruses DNA With an Introduction by Renato Dulbecco Edited by Samuel Schiminovich Springer Science+Business Media, LLC library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: The Biology of DNA tumor viruses. l' (Milestones in current research; v. Includes index. 1. Oncogenic viruses. I. Schiminovich, Samuel. II. Title: DNA tumor viruses. [DNLM: 1. Oncogenic viruses. 2. Polyoma virus. 3. SV40 virus. 4. DNA, neoplasm. aZ202 B616) RC268.57.B56 616.9'92'0194 76-25874 ISBN 978-1-4684-6972-1 ISBN 978-1-4684-6970-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-6970-7 © 1976 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1976 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1976 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011 All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The permission of the copyright owners to reprint the following ma terial is gratefully acknowledged. Aloni, Y., Winocour, E., and Sachs, L., Characterization of the simian virus 40-specific RNA in virus yielding and transformed cells, Journal of Molecular Biology, 1968,31:415-429. Benjamin, T.L., Virus-specific RNA in cells productively infected or transformed by polyoma virus, Journal of Molecular Biology, 1966, 16:359-373. Black, P.H., Rowe, W.P., TUrner, H.C., and Huebner, R.J., A specific complement-fixing antigen pres ent in SV40 tumor and transformed cells, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1963, 50: 1148-1156. Dulbecco, R., and Eckhart, W., Temperature-dependent properties of cells transformed by a thermo sensitive mutant of polyoma virus, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1970,67: 1775-1781. Dulbecco, R., Hartwell, L.H., and Vogt, M., Induction of cellular DNA synthesis by polyoma virus, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1965,53:403-410. Dulbecco, R., and Stoker, M., Abortive transformation by the Tsa mutant of polyoma virus, Nature, 1969,223:397-398. Dulbecco, R., and Vogt, M., Evidence for a ring structure of polyoma virus DNA, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1963,50:236-243. Fried, M., Cell-transforming ability of a temperature-sensitive mutant of polyoma virus, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1965, 53:486-491. Gerber, P., Studies on the transfer of subviral infectivity from SV40-induced hamster tumor cells to indicator cells, Virology, 1966,28:501-509. Khoury, G., Martin, M.A., Lee, T.N.H., Danna, K.J., and Nathans, D., A map of simian virus 40 tran scription sites expressed in productively infected cells, Journal of Molecular Biology, 1973, 78: 377-389. Koprowski, H., Jensen, F.C., and Steplewski, Z., Activation of production of infectious tumor virus SV40 in heterokaryon cultures, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1967,58:127- 133. Lindstrom, D.M., and Dulbecco, R., Strand orientation of simian virus 40 transcription in productive ly infected cells, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1972, 69: 1517-1520. Oda, K., and Dulbecco, R., Regulation of transcription of the SV 40 DNA in productively infected and in transformed cells, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1968,60:525-532. Pollack, R.E., Green, H., and Todaro, G.J., Growth control in cultured cells: Selection of sublines with increased sensitivity to contact inhibition and decreased tumor-producing ability, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1968,60: 126-133. Pope, J.H., and Rowe, W.P., Detection of specific antigen in SV40-transformed cells by immunofluo rescence, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1964, 120: 121-128. Radloff, R., Bauer, W., and Vinograd, J., A dye-buoyant-density method for the detection and isola tion of closed circular duplex DNA: The closed circular DNA in He La cells, Proceedings of the Na tional Academy of Sciences, 1967,57:1514-1521. Rapp, F., Kitahara, T., Butel, J.S., and Melnick, J.L., Synthesis of SV40 tumor antigen during replica tion of simian papovavirus (SV40), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1964, 52: 1138-1142. Renger, H.C., and Basilico, C., Mutation causing temperature-sensitive expression of cell transforma tion by a tumor virus, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1972, 69: 109-114. Sambrook, J., Westphal, H., Srinivasan, P.R., and Dulbecco, R., The integrated state of viral DNA in SV40-transformed cells, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1968,60:1288-1295. Sauer, G., and Kidwai, J.R., The transcription of the SV40 genome in productively infected and trans formed cells, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1968,61:1256-1263. Stoker, M., Abortive transformation by polyoma virus, Nature, 1968,218:234-238. Vinograd, J., Lebowitz, J., Radloff, R., Watson, R., and Paipis, P., The twisted circular form of poly oma viral DNA, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1965,53:1104-1111. Wall, R., and Darnell, J.E., Presence of cell and virus specific sequences in the same molecules of nu clear RNA from virus transformed cells, Nature New Biology, 1971,232:73-76. Watkins, J.F., and Dulbecco, R., Production of SV 40 virus in heterokaryons of transformed and suscep tible cells, Proceedings (,f the National Academy of Sciences, 1967,58: 1396-1403. Weil, R., and Vinograd, J., The cyclic helix and cyclic coil forms of polyoma viral DNA, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1963,50:730-738. Westphal, H., and Dulbecco, R., Viral DNA in polyoma-and SV40-transformed cell lines, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1968,59:1158-1165. FOREWORD Milestones in Current Research is a series of reprint collections dis tinguished from other such publications by new concepts in preparation, presentation, and intent. The aim of each volume is to gather for a given field the seminal contributions that have defined and shaped the trends within the most active areas of current research. The selections for each volume and the structure of the book have been determined with the help of a novel tech nique of bibliographic analysis and have then been presented to an acknowl edged scientific authority for minor adjustments and the writing of an In troduction. These introductions will lend historic perspective to the material selected for each volume. The bibliographic analysis used tends to select papers central to the areas of current research within, roughly, the last decade and is a systematic procedure for depicting, delineating, and covering all such areas over a wide spectrum of scientific research. It is hoped that with this procedure it will be possible to achieve an objectivity, authority, and thoroughness not reached by others and that the timeliness of the volumes will not be limited to just a few years. Each volume should have the permanent value of a historical statement and yet be suf ficiently interesting to active researchers in the field as well as to students exploring the quiet way in which the relentless drama of research unfolds in the journal literature. Furthermore, follow-up volumes will periodically up date the status of research and maintain the currency of the series as a whole. While the series may well become a prestige forum where an outstanding segment of the journal literature is reprinted, readers may occasionally miss a paper that they would expect to be included. Such omissions are bound to occur for a number of reasons, including among others the need to keep the volumes to a viable size or the sheer unavailability of the given paper for re production due to unusual copyright restrictions. Our gratitude is extended to all those who in one way or another have helped us to bring these concepts to fruition, in particular to Professors vii viii FOREWORD Ralph Schiller and Howard M. Temin for their enlightening insights and early encouragement, to all copyright holders who have made their articles available for reproduction, and to Dr. Renato Dulbecco for making possible such an auspicious start for the series. Samuel Schiminovich Series Editor CONTENTS I. Introduction ......................... R. Dulbecco 3 II. Structure of Viral DNA .......................... 11 1. Evidence for a Ring Structure of Polyoma Virus DNA ............ R. Dulbecco and M. Vogt 13 2. The Cyclic Helix and Cyclic Coil Forms of Polyoma Viral DNA .... R. Weil and J. Vinograd 21 3. The Twisted Circular Form of Polyoma Viral DNA ............. J. Vinograd, J. Lebowitz, R. Radloff, R. Watson, and P. Laipis 31 4. A Dye-Buoyant-Density Method for the Detection and Isolation of Closed Circular Duplex DNA: The Closed Circular DNA in HeLa Cells ...... R. Radloff, W. Bauer, and J. Vinograd 39 III. Integration State of Viral DNA in Transfonned Cells ... 47 1. Viral DNA in Polyoma- and SV40-Transformed Cell Lines .......... H. Westphal and R. Dulbecco 49 2. The Integrated State of Viral DNA in SV40-Transformed Cells ......... J. Sambrook, H. Westphal, P.R. Srinivasan, and R. Dulbecco 57 IV. Detection of Virus-Specific (T) Antigen ............. 65 1. A Specific Complement-Fixing Antigen Present in SV40 Tumor and Transformed Cells ................. P.H. Black, W.P. Rowe, H.C. Turner, and R.J. Huebner 67 2. Detection of Specific Antigen in SV40- Transformed Cells by Immunofluorescence ........ J.H. Pope and W.P. Rowe 77 ix x CONTENTS 3. Synthesis of SV40 Tumor Antigen during Replication of Simian Papovavirus (SV40) ................. F. Rapp, T. Kitahara, J .S. Butel, and J.L. Melnick 85 V. Activation of Infectious Tumor Virus SV 40 in Transformed Cells .......................... 89 1. Studies on the Transfer of Subviral Infectivity from SV 40-Induced Hamster Tumor Cells to Indicator Cells ........ P. Gerber 91 2. Activation of Production of Infectious Tumor Virus SV 40 in Heterokaryon Cultures ........... H. Koprowski, F.e. Jensen, and Z. Steplewski 101 3. Production of SV 40 Virus in Heterokaryons of Transformed and Susceptible Cells .. J.F. Watkins and R. Dulbecco 109 VI. Transcription of the Viral Genome In Infected and Transformed Cells ................ 117 1. Virus-Specific RNA in Cells Productively Infected or Transformed by Polyoma Virus ....... T.L. Benjamin 119 2. Characterization of the Simian Virus 40-specific RNA in Virus-yielding and Transformed Cells ...... Y. Aloni, E. Winocour, and L. Sachs 135 3. Regulation of Transcription of the SV40 DNA in Productively Infected and in Transformed Cells ......K . Oda and R. Dulbecco 151 4. The Transcription of the SV 40 Genome in Productively Infected and Transformed Cells .... G. Sauer and J.R. Kidwai 159 5. Strand Orientation of Simian Virus 40 Transcription in Productively Infected Cells ....... D.M. Lindstrom and R. Dulbecco 167 6. A Map of Simian Virus 40 Transcription Sites Expressed in Productively Infected Cells ...... G. Khoury, M.A. Martin, T.N.H. Lee, K.J. Danna, and D. Nathans 177 7. Presence of Cell and Virus Specific Sequences in the Same Molecules of Nuclear RNA from Virus Transformed Cells ...... R. Wall and J.E. Darnell 191