TheB etrayoafMl A RX EditbeydF redeLr.Bi ecn der • 1.., ,,..�../ - - ' .. ,,,, \ ' , , - J;; l ... (co THE BETRAYAL OF MARX of book thtee xtt his isp rinted on IOOr'lce cycplaepde r THE BETRAYAL OF MARX EDITED AND WITH INTRODUCTIONSB Y FREDERICL.BENDER I T HARPER TORCHBOOKS Harpe&rR ow,P ublishers NewY orkE,v anstSoann,F rancisLcoon,d on Publisuhnededr t hee ditorosfhC ihpa rlMe.s Sherover THEB ETRAYAOLF MARX Copyri©g h1t975b yF redeLr.iB cen der Allr ighrtess ervPerdi.n tiendt heU niteSdtt aeosf A mericNao. p arotf t his bookm ayb e usoerdr e rpoducienda nym annewri thowurti ttpeenr mission exceipntt hec asoefb riqeuf ottiaonesm bodiiendc ritiacratli calnedrs e views. Fori nformataidodnr eHsasr pe&r R ow,P ublishIenrcs1.,,0 E as5t3 dS treet, New YorNk.,Y 1. 0022P.u blishseidm ultaneionuC salnya dbay F itzhen&r y WhietsidLei mitTeodr,o nto. FirHsAtR PERTO RCHBOOeKd itipounbl ish1e79d5 LIBRAROYF CONGRESCSA TALOCGA RDN UMBER7: 2-14343 STANDABRODO KN UMBER0:6- 1-8308-9X CONTENTS PREFACE IX ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Xll INTRODUCTION:T HE BETRAYALO F MARX 1 I.F OUND A TIO NS OF DIALECTICAL ' MATERIALISM 53 1.E NGEL:SS CIENTISFOICCI ALIASNMD DIALECTICS 56 2.E NGEL:ST HEB ASICCO NECPTSO F DIALECITCALM ATERIALISM66 HegaenlHd i Isn fiuence Id elia samn Mda telriisam DilaeiccltMa aetrialism ENGEL:ST HET HREEL AWSO F 3. DIALECTICS 82 TheT ranmsafotrioofQn u atnyii tntQoul aity anVdc ieV ersa ThIent epreneattrioofnO pposites ThNee agtoino ft hNee agtoin 4.E NGEL:ST HET WO CONCETPIONOSF MATTER M Mattra esaC onepctuAabslta rction Mattra est hRee laS ubsttruamo fC hange 5.E NGELST:H ED IALECTICAL MATERIALCISONTC EPTION OFM AN 97 6. PKLHAENOV:T HED ARWINIZATOIFO N MARXISM 101 II.M ARXIST SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 171 7.E NGELST:H EP ROLETARIAN REVLOUTOINA ND ADVANCED CAFITALISM 121 VI CONTENTS 8.E NGLES:R EPUDTIIAONO F REVLOUTION 126 9.B ERNSTNE:TI HEM ANIFESOTFO REVSIIONISM 134 1.0L UXEMBURG:B ALLOBTO XO R MASS STRKIE? 105 1.1L UXEMBURRGE:Q UIEMF ORS OICAL DEMOCARCY 161 Ill.T HE THEORETICAL FOUND A TION S OF UNrnIBM IM 12T.H EC ONCETPIONO FT HEP ARTY 178 LENIN:T he "PoafaNr etwyT ype" • LUXEMBURG:L enisnmio rM arixsm?- RounOdn e 13L.E NI:NT WO TACTICOSF SOCIAL DEMOCARCY 205 1.4L ENINO N THTEH EOYR OF KNOWLEDGE 222 BOGDANOV:M arxiasnmRd e liavtism LENIN:T hBea sic lPersiE nposcifti eplmoyog LENIN:T h"eM raxisCto"n pctoeino fT ruth LENIN:C riqtuioefB ogdanov 15L.E NI:NT HER EINTREPRETTAIONO F MARX 236 16L.E NINI:M EPRIASLMI 248 17T.H EL EGITIIZMTAION TOHFE ONE-PARTSYT ATE 258 BUKHARIN:T hIem periSatlaitset LENIN:" StaantRdee vlotuion" IV.T HE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION AND THE FIRST "MARXIST" STA TE 275 18L.UX EMBURG:L ENINIOSRM M ARXISM? -ROUNDT WO 297 1.9L ENINT:H ET HIDR INTERNATIONAL2 93 20".W ARC OMMUNISM" 298 BUKHARIN:O nE coniocms TROTSKYO:n T errirsom LENIN:O n" Le-fCtommsumn"i CONTENTS Vll 21R.EV OLUTIONW ITHINT HE REVOLUTION 309 THEK RONSTADT COMMUNE:" What WeA rFegi htiFno"gr LENIN:D ictoartisphw itnht ihOen -eParty Dicotsrahpti LENIN:T hNee wE concoP moliicy V. STALIN AND THE BETRAYAL OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 321 22L.E NINN:O TESO NT HES TRUGGLE WITH STALNI 382 23S.T ALISNE:I NZGIT HEM ANTLEO F LENINIOSRTT HODOXY 345 24T.R OTSYK:T HEB ETARYALO FT HE REVOLTUION 354 25Z.H DANOV":S OCIALRIESATL IS:MT "HE STALNIIST AESTHETIC3 79 26.A LSNITI SMA ND PHILOSOPHY 385 STALIN:D ilaeiccltaa nHdi storical Materlsiima ZHDANOV:P hisloopahnydt h Dee manodfs thPea rty ALEXADNROV : T"hCeof nessoifao n" SovPihelito sopher 27K.H RUSHHCEV:T HEC RIEMSO FT HE STALIENR A 411 CHRONOLOGICALT ABLE 429 SUGGESITONSF OR FURTHER READING 436 445 INDEX PREFACE One moabisnt aacc llee uatnrod erstoafnM darixnighs ams been thfea iltuodr ies tintghuveii sehow fsM arfxr otmh oosfeh is epigoinnecsil,nu tgdh meo sitm porotfatn htes suec hE naegsl s, BernsLteeniinan,n, dS talIitin st. oc lartihdfeey v elopomfe nt MarxiastfmeM ra rtxh atth per esaenntth ohlaobsge ye cno n­ ceivLeidm.i taotfis opnasfc oer btihdie n cluosfis oenle ctions froMma xr'osw nw ritisnotg hsme,o sitm portpaonitna trse treaitnte hdIe n trtoidouancn di nh eadnotesse,v erwreiaftleh r ­ encteosm ye arrla inetholKoalrgM ya,r x: ETshnsete iWarli t· ing(sN eYwo rHk:ar pearn dR ow,1 9)72i,n w hicIdh i scussed Maxr'uss oefd ialetchtiinckaailnn dhg ic so ncoefpa tl ienation. TheI ntroduicsdt eisoingp niremdra iltyop rovaib daes fiosr evuaaltisnugb seqauleetrnatt iinMo narsx itshto ught. Ic ana nticiatpl aetatesw tom ajolri noefsc ristmiF.ci irst, theirste h cel awihmi ccahb ne e xpecftreoCdmo mmunaipsotl o­ gistthsam tya pproaarcthai lfidcliiyv otrhcweeo sr okfM arfxr om thaotfh issu ccetshseorrdeseb,sy t rotyhi"enh gi stourniictay"l thaitsM arxisTmh.e s ecoonbdej cticoannb ee xpecttoe d emanaftreot mh olseecs osn cewrintephdr esertvhien gs tatus' of thper ophoeftt hsTe r ue Faithc obnucte wrminoteprhdoe l itical pracatisoc pep osteotd h eoresttiucdTayhel.i crli amw oulbde thamtya pproiansc ohm wea yf aitlods oj suticteot hree volu­ tionsairgyn ificance oft hMaiatndr ixesicsstmiM,na grs xuicshm andi nc laiinmtgo i ltlruasitthesi stodreigceanle r(aatltie oans t froEmn getloSs t al,ii tnw )eakeMnarsx isamsa ni deological weapont hreoe fv olutsitornuaigrngpy lr eo cteosdsaO yn.ec an expetcobt ea ccuosfte hde rpeebryf oramr ienagc tisoenravriyc e fotrh ceo rpobroaugtreeo iisni eat rhce hetsytyplael poeiftt ­the bougreopihsi losporpohfyef soswroh ro mi denaosth, i storical. polirteitacylaa,lir o efp aramoiumnpto rtance. Thefi rsotft heissoe fl eismsp orcteta omn et hatnh see cond. Asf aars atphoel oogf"i osffitcsCi oamlm uniasrmce"o n cerinte d, is qcuoirtrteeh caItdt i rmeycc to mmeantmt asn oyft hceh arac·